【New Exhibition】
Guangming Daily reporter Li Yun
When it comes to the study, the most famous is probably the "Sanxi Hall" in the Forbidden City. The Qianlong Emperor collected here the Great Calligrapher Wang Xizhi's "Qing Ti of The Fast Snow", Wang Xianzhi's "Mid-Autumn Festival" and Wang Xun's "Boyuan Ti", and this 8-square-meter small study was also famous.
Photo by Li Yun, reporter of Guangming Daily/ Guangming Pictures
The study room, in traditional Chinese culture, is a living space, a way of life, and a symbol of cultural spirit. Walking into the exhibition hall of the Palace Museum's Noon Gate - Yan Wing Building, and walking into the exhibition "Illuminating the Heart of Heaven and Earth - Images and Images of Chinese Study Rooms", you can experience the cultural spirit symbolized by the ancient literati with the study room.
Slimming between the bucket chambers
Stepping into the West Wild Goose Wing Building, is the first part of the exhibition " Wei Huaiqin Book". Facing you is a wall, and the door on the side of the wall is the study door. When he entered the door, he entered Qianlong's "Five Classics Gathering Room." The so-called "Five Classics" are "Yi", "Book", "Poem", "Li", "Spring and Autumn", and Qianlong successively collected the editions engraved by Yue Fei's grandson Yue Ke, and they were collected together in the Western Xiao room behind the Zhaoren Hall. Qianlong named this study the "Five Classics Room" and personally inscribed the plaque. The plaque in the exhibition hall is the original. The six red sandalwood gold kang screens in the row under the plaque are engraved with Qianlong's "Records of the Five Classics Gathering Room", which expounds the importance of the Five Classics, the delicacy of the Five Classics carved by Yue Ke in the Song Dynasty, the experience of dispersal, and the origin of the name of the Five Classics Room.
Not only are there books in the study, but the four treasures of the study room are also an indispensable part. The things used by Qianlong are exquisite and exquisite, and the travel stationery box is really popular. A rectangular box made of rosewood can be opened to remove the hidden movable leg, and then the wooden box is flipped over as a whole, and the stationery box will be transformed into a desk 40 cm high. There are also two rectangular brocade boxes in the wooden box, which are set with layers, grids, slots, etc., for the placement of delicate items. Look closely, this set of travel stationery boxes contains all kinds of literary utensils, including enamel, lacquerware, jade, porcelain and other fine crafts. Especially in the composition of the utensils, it embodies the four treasures of the literary room, the qinqi calligraphy and painting, and other literati utensils that can best represent the connotation of Confucian culture. It is easy to carry and suitable for users to use during travel, which meets the needs of the Qianlong Emperor as a literati to express Yaxing at any time.
The study room is not simply used to read, write and paint, its core is the place where the literati cultivate themselves. In the display case, there is a pair of glass paintings with three clear picture interstitial screens. Glass painting is to draw pictures on the reverse side of glass, using the transparency of glass to appreciate on the other side of color, so it is called "reverse glass painting" or "glass back painting". This screen center draws green bamboo and cold plum on the back of the glass, and cleverly paints a layer of circular mercury behind the glass above the plum branch, forming a mirror symbolizing a bright moon. The combination of mirror paintings constitutes the three clear figures of bamboo, plum and moon.
Wang Zilin, director of the research office of the Palace Museum, introduced that this pair of interstitial screens is a decoration on several cases of the Qianlong Garden Yanqu Building, and the "moon" mirror in the painting can be used as a grooming mirror, and the viewer's face is reflected in the mirror, which is cleverly conceived and has the image of "seeing the heart of heaven and earth".
Photo by Li Yun, guangming daily reporter of guangming daily in the "Room of the Five Classics" of the Qianlong Emperor/ Guangming pictures
Cultivating one's body and correcting one's mind, whether ancient or contemporary, is a magic weapon for walking the world.
The study of the world
The second part of the exhibition, "Zhengyi Ming Dao", located at noon gate, is full of the feelings of home and country that flowed in the blood of the ancient literati.
In the middle of the exhibition hall, the Qianlong handwritten "Zhengyi Mingdao" plaque is eye-catching. Wang Zilin introduced that "friendship" and "righteousness" are from the "Hanshu Dong Zhongshu Biography": "Those who are benevolent to others do not seek their own interests, and they know that their ways do not count their merits." He said: "The benevolent person must be Gu Dayi seeking great benefits, and Gu Dade seeking great merit." The ideas of Zhengyi Mingdao had a profound impact on ancient China and became an important standard and realm for self-cultivation of Confucians in previous generations. ”
Another heavy instrument next to the large plaque once again confirms the emperor's emphasis on self-cultivation - the Qianlong Kaishu "Dabaozhen" hanging screen. Liu Guoliang, a librarian in the Palace Museum's Court History Department, told reporters that "The Great Treasure Proverbs" was written by Zhang Yungu in the Tang Dynasty and was a warning to the monarch. It is believed that the monarch should be strictly self-disciplined, strive to govern, love the people, and be selfless. During the Yongzheng Emperor, he rewrote one of the sentences as "rule the world with one person, and do not serve one person with the world." Qianlong even copied and hung in the Yangxin Hall of daily life, with the intention of constantly guarding himself.
Compared with the king's home of the country, the patriotism of the zhishi benevolent people is more admirable.
In the exhibition hall, a letter from Wen Tianxiang is quite representative. This "Wen Tianxiang Xingshu On the Hongzhai Poster Scroll" is Wen Tianxiang's letter to Bao Hongzhai when he was 30 years old. The letter expressed his concern for the current politics, admired Bao Hongzhai's "loyalty and patriotism" and "cynicism", and believed that bao's reuse was a blessing for the country. The letter recounts political affairs such as the suppression of Kou in Jiangxi, and proposes that "without political affairs, how can the country be established", reflecting the concern and patriotic loyalty of Confucian scholars and doctors to the country's troubles.
"The worries of the world before the world, and the happiness of the world after the world" is a famous sentence in the Song Dynasty Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang LouJi". The spiritual realm of "not rejoicing in things, not taking one's own sorrow" and the feeling of taking the world as one's own responsibility have been respected by future generations. The exhibition selects the "Xingshu Yueyang Lou Ji Scroll" written by Chen Chun, a famous calligrapher and painter of the Ming Dynasty.
Reaching out to the world and helping the poor are the ideals and goals of generations of people and benevolent people.
Heaven and earth are the spiritual shelter of Lu
The study is the place where the literati's soul sustenance. "The study room is not only a space for reading, writing, and collecting books, but also contains feelings and inheritance." Prince Lin said.
Wandering in the third part of the exhibition, "Frost and Snow", you can see the figure of Shochiku plum from time to time. Pine, which does not wither through winter; Bamboo, clear and high and knotted; Mei, Ling Han proud of the snow. As the three friends of the study, they are a symbol of the temperament and spirit of the literati.
At the corner of the exhibition hall, there is a pair of rosewood inlaid glass pine and bamboo plum interstitial screens. Liu Guoliang introduced that they were originally placed in the Qianlong Garden Sanyouxuan. Sanyouxuan not only uses a large number of pine bamboo plums as the decorative theme of interior decoration, but also the furniture of its interior furnishings also presents the elements of pine and bamboo plums, which can also be seen in this pair of interstitial screens.
Since ancient times, plum blossoms have been the object of repeated chanting and depiction by the literati, using it as a metaphor for the qualities of arrogance, firmness, integrity and integrity, so the Yashi literati of different eras have favored it. Chen Jiru of the Ming Dynasty especially loved plum blossoms, wrote poems and painted, and enjoyed it. On the "Plum Blossom Chart Axis" in the exhibition hall, the old dry song, the new plum is self-blooming, and the petals are scattered between the fine grasses, with a concise pen and a bright composition, which is its representative masterpiece.
Solo music is not as good as crowd music. While cultivating themselves alone, the literati also like to sing and sing. From the works that record these scenes, the audience can touch the elegant atmosphere of the ancient literati who took heaven and earth as their home and landscape as their friends.
In the exhibition hall, there is a stone that seems to be "chaotic". This 63 cm high and 70 cm wide marble can be called a "living fossil". On this Lingbi stone, a collection of stones with the theme of appreciating stones in the autumn of the Yuan Dynasty to the tenth year of the Yuan Dynasty is inscribed, and if you look closely, you can also find Dong Qichang's "message".
The collection mentioned here is a gathering of literati and scholars to chant poetry and discuss knowledge. The booth of the West Wild Goose Wing Building cleverly restores the scene of the meandering water flowing. Song Qing white glazed melon ridge holding pot, kiln black glaze cup, sauce glaze cup and other cultural relics are like "floating" on the water. In the display cabinets on both sides, paintings such as "Xiyuan Yaji Picture Scroll" and "Lanting Xiuyu Picture Scroll" are the "documentaries" of Yaji, which freeze the state of celebrity poetry poured by Su Shi, Su Rui, Huang Tingjian, Wang Xizhi and other celebrities.
Even the famous "Eight Pillars of Lanting", on the front of the storage box, is also carved with "Lanting Repair Map". Rosewood carving meditation drawing storage Lanting eight-pillar interstitial screen is the first time to meet the public. The Lanting Xiuyu diagram carved on the pingxin plate reproduces the elegance of Wang Xizhi, Xie An and other Wei and Jin celebrities in the Yin and Water flowing in huiji Mountain, and the white space is embedded with a silver silk Qianlong Emperor imperial poem. The screen core plate can be removed, and in the middle are the eight drawers for storing the "Lanting Eight Pillars". "Some of the collections have been argued by later generations, but they don't actually exist." Liu Guoliang said that through these works, it is still possible to show an elegant life that the literati yearn for - qushui flowing, singing and elegant collection.
Whether it is high in the temple or far away from the rivers and lakes, the home country is in my heart and the responsibility is in my body. This is the cultural spirit carried by the study.
It is reported that the exhibition "Illuminating the Heart of Heaven and Earth - Images and Images of Chinese Study Rooms" will last until October 23. This exhibition is free to visit with the Entrance Ticket to the Forbidden City, but reservation is required. According to the needs of epidemic prevention and control, in accordance with the principle of limited quantity, appointment and staggered peak, 3,000 people per day, until the expiration date. Visitors can reserve tickets and exhibitions of the Forbidden City through the "Palace Museum" WeChat Mini Program.
(Guangming Daily, Beijing, August 30)
Guangming Daily ( 2022-08-30 09 edition)
Source: Guangming Network - Guangming Daily