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Reprinted from The Post
Black Vest Boy Clown
This is a very easy ornamental fish to keep, but unfortunately many individuals die during fishing and transportation. Most of the male clowns caught in the Philippines have quality problems, and many are captured by drugs. These clownfish cannot survive in artificial environments because their internal organs are harmed. I often see the male clownfish transported from the Philippines with a mortality rate of 60% in a week. Male clownfish from other regions are relatively healthy, if you want, you can buy domestically bred artificial individuals, as long as the individual itself is not injured or diseased, the male clown is easy to adapt to aquarium life.
They need to be guaranteed 200 litres of water. Although they can tolerate higher nitrates, it is best to keep the content no more than 50 ppm, otherwise it will cause slow growth or darkening of color. Mature female male clowns can be 10 cm in size, but males can generally only be 6 cm tall. In fact, male clowns over 5 centimeters have the ability to reproduce, and if they are provided with nutrient-rich bait and excellent water quality, they can be passed on in the aquarium.
Red Clown
Life habits are the same as ordinary clowns, and I will not introduce them here
Saddleback clowns
A large clownfish, the largest of any fish I've ever seen in this genus. If raised in a large enough aquarium, they can grow to about 20 cm. The giants of this clown family can occupy a large territory and drive away any offenders.
They like carpet anemones and are less interested in other anemones, and if there are no carpet anemones in the aquarium, they may not live in other anemones. Usually, this clownfish rarely swim around in aquariums, and they like to snuggle up next to a sea anemone or a rock, lazily wagging their heads and tails. They almost never erect their dorsal fins, which makes them look listless, and many people think that the fish is sick, but it is like that.
The saddleback clown is not easy to adapt to the artificial environment, and it is recommended to raise it from an early age. It takes about 2-3 years from a juvenile fish to be able to reproduce. It takes longer or even no reproduction in cases of inadequate bait. The fish like to fight at night, and when any two saddleback clowns are put together, they seem to be at peace, and some even burrow into a sea anemone. Don't think they're husband and wife, if the aquarium is small, collect the body for one the next morning
Coffee clown
This is a very common clown fish species, known as "Pink Gong" in Hong Kong, China Taiwan region mostly use the name of silver wire clown, in fact, they are not coffee color, the other two names are more suitable, but the most popular is this name at present. We can see coffee clowns from Indonesia, the Philippines, and the South China Sea in the market, and they look exactly the same. Trade individuals are generally 5--8 cm
We can raise this fish in very small aquariums, and I once raised a pair of them in an aquarium with 10 liters of water and they are still happy. If your aquarium is large enough, you can use a large group. Although they don't swim in groups, there are far fewer fights than other clownfish. Even other species of clownfish with small polycultures, the coffee clown rarely bullies them, and it is undoubtedly the mildest species of clownfish. Carpet anemones, purple-spotted anemones, and red-bellied anemones are all acceptable, and giant carpet anemones can be home to several pairs of coffee clowns. Other clownfish of any breed pose a threat to the coffee clownfish, which are too weak and small individuals. When polyculturing with other clownfish, other species should avoid being too large and ensure sufficient living space. If you are both a Red Clown and a Coffee Clown in a aquarium below 100 liters, the Coffee Clown will be chased all day long
Double band clown
The sex of the Indian Ocean double-banded clown is easy to distinguish, with mature females with black first spines of their ventral fins and males all yellow. Unlike other clowns, females and males are very different, and in general, the difference in body length between a couple does not exceed 1 cm. Double-banded clowns are the most adaptable of clownfish, and if you're just starting to raise marine ornamental fish, start with double-banded clowns. If more than 10 animals are raised at the same time, even if they are all mature individuals, their fights with each other are not very fierce.
As long as the water quality and temperature are right, they can spawn in the aquarium, and a 400-liter aquarium can even accommodate 3--4 couples at the same time period perfunctory offspring. While these families often have disputes, the fights are not too intense. Small fish have a higher survival rate than other species of clownfish, which is a very suitable practice for newbies who like to breed marine fish
Three finches
Snapper
If a flock of three finches is kept, they will also elect a leader. Usually the chief is the largest individual, with the brightest color, other members are intimidated by the leader, the head color will deepen, and some individuals even turn brown or gray all over. When the pH is too low or the nitrate is too high, their color will also deepen and the mood will become very bad. Although they rarely attack other fish, they are constantly at war with each other. Each of the three finches wants only one cave in the aquarium that is entirely his own, but the leader covets all the caves. This left many members desperately vying for barren or very narrow crevices, demonstrating against each other and tearing each other apart. When there are large ornamental fish in the aquarium (such as angelfish over 20 centimeters), they have no intention of caring about each other's grievances, and they are only focused on defending against strong enemies, so they seem to be able to maintain relative unity
Two finches
This species is abundantly distributed in the waters around the Ryukyu Islands, formerly known as the Ryukyu finches, and currently trades mainly from the Philippines. The adult two finch can not be called ornamental fish, but the juveniles look very delicate, and some foreign enthusiasts like their simplicity and raise them in flocks in large reef ecological aquariums. The two finches produced in the South Pacific have a yellow tail fin, but they are not very ornamental; they can grow to more than 10 cm, are more ferocious when mature, and like to attack other small fish
Four finches
The origin of the four finches and the three finches is basically the same, but the value is higher than that of the three finches. They do not adjust their bodies to a dark brown color when frightened or of poor water quality, which makes them one of the best in the genus. We can see three finches of 8-10 cm, but rarely see four finches over 6 cm. Although wild individuals have been recorded growing up to 10 centimeters, they seem to be particularly unfit to grow in aquariums.
If you keep the four finches in a reef ecological aquarium with excellent water quality, you will see that each of their fins is set with a bright blue edge, and the body will also emit a brilliant blue light
Three points of white
Like clownfish, three-point whites like to coexist with sea anemones, and when there are no sea anemones, they will make the gem flower coral their home. When raising a group of three-point whites, one of them will grow much faster than the other individuals, and after a few months, it may grow twice as fast as the other fish. It is the leader of the community, all other three-point whites are under its rule, and even some other breeds of snappers join its colony
If the aquarium is large enough (more than 400 liters), three-point white can spawn in artificial environments, but it takes a long time for the young fish to mature. If an individual of 4 cm is purchased, it will take 3--5 years to lay eggs. The three-point white produced in Hawaiian waters has a huge white spot on the body, and when it matures, the middle of the body is white, which is much more beautiful than the common variety, but it does not seem to have appeared in the domestic trade. The three-point white produced in difficult Pacific regions such as Fiji and Cocoa Island, with a brown body and yellow ventral, arm and tail fins, is a variety that is often found but is not favored by most people. The three-point white produced in the waters of the Makosas Islands has a silver body and is the most valuable breed in the three-point white family.
Bullet Demon
There are a large number of bullet demons scattered near the Andaman Islands and Bali, sometimes a large group can be thousands. The scientific name should be the Ellen's snapper, and some regions call them blue devils. Because of their fast swimming speed and their glittering streamlined bodies, they get the name Bullet Demon, and like Blue Heaven, they can turn black in poor water conditions, so they should be carefully reared. In general, they do not exceed 6 cm and are suitable for breeds raised in groups in aquariums. If desired, a 200-liter aquarium can feed 50 at the same time, and the larger their colonies are, the more active they are.
Three demons
It is mainly distributed in the waters of Eastern Australia and is rarely seen on the market. Some people mistakenly think that they are three finches, but in fact they are completely different species. The body of the Three Demon is more slender, not nearly round like the Three Finches. There are actually two varieties of Sanjian magi that are used for trade, the other of which is produced in the southern waters of Japan and is known as the Japanese Sanjian Magi (Chrysiptera kuiteri). Neither species likes too high a water temperature and needs to be kept below 28 °C
The Three Houses are small snappers that can only grow up to 5 centimeters, and it is best not to breed with large Three Houses and Blue Devils. They are very gentle and suitable for breeding in groups
Among the ornamental fish of this genus, only the blue velvet adult fish and the juvenile fish have the same basic morphology. Many people classify it in the genus Paraglyphidodon, and for the sake of simplicity, I did not follow their opinion. Blue velvet has many names, such as velvet finch, velvet, canary, etc. Because most of its body is as blue as velvet cloth, the name blue velvet is the most used.
The fish is widely distributed, from the Taiwan Strait to the western waters of Indonesia. It can grow up to 12 centimeters, but it takes years in an aquarium. There is nothing special to be aware of, as long as other snappers can live well in an acceptable environment.
Fire swallows
The young fire swallow is simply so beautiful, the fiery red body, bright blue lines, and the back of the body and the blue velvet color block. This makes its body price extraordinarily high. But if you've ever seen an adult individual, you simply don't want to spend a penny on it. It was a black-gray monster that chased after other species of snapper fiercely.
This fish is only found in the Indonesian seas of Sulawesi and Flores and is not common in the domestic aquarium market. From a body length of more than 6 centimeters, their color becomes black. It only takes a few months to grow from 3 centimeters long to that big, so think about whether you can stand it ugly and ferocious when it grows up
Like the emperor finches, this fish is very easy to raise, basically does not infect diseases, and the water quality and bait requirements are not high. Some regions refer to it as the "red swallow".
Swallowtail Blue Devil
Also known as the American Blue Devil, it is produced in the Caribbean, Bermuda, and south Florida, and is not commonly used in trade. They have bright colors, a gentle personality, and like the Green Devil, they like to move in groups. The largest individuals can be up to 10 cm long, and most of them are 5-6 cm larvae in trade.
It is rarely available domestically because traders are reluctant to go to great lengths to import this inexpensive fish from the United States. Many Europeans are very fond of this fish, and they keep the swallowtail blue devil and the green devil and the gem in the same large reef ecological aquarium to see how the fish mix into a large group of movements. Do not let the temperature of the feeding water be too high, if it is higher than 28 ° C, this fish is prone to sudden death
Multicolored demons
Because the ventral fin is blue, it is also known as the blue-footed finch. When young, the body is snow white, the back is golden yellow, and when mature, the male turns gray-blue, while the female is yellow or brown. It is found in most coral reef waters from the western Pacific to the Indian Ocean, as long as the exporting countries are Indonesia and the Philippines.
Adult males can grow up to 15 cm in size, but females generally do not grow more than 8 cm. Growing up in the aquarium is not very fast, it takes two years to start changing color, they are fierce, do not raise two of the same kind together, even if the aquarium is large, the conflict between them is very obvious. As an adult, the multicolored finches attack all smaller snappers and are not suitable for polyculture with other species.
Emperor Finches
The juvenile emperor finches are indeed beautiful, and the slender tail fins make it look very temperamental. But everything will disappear with age, without raising a year of time, it will soon become a fierce and ugly black-brown monster, many people will be adult emperor finches fished out of the aquarium with fish hooks and thrown into the toilet, this is too inhumane, it is recommended that you think about it before deciding whether to buy it.
The emperor finch is also known as the golden swallow because its tail fin resembles the tail of a swallow when it is small. At least three different species of snapper use the name Emperor Finches because their juveniles are nearly identical. One is the doglyphidodon nigroris distributed in southern Japan, the other is the neoglyphidodon xanthurus, which is mainly distributed in Bali, Indonesia, and the least common one is distributed in the waters of New Zealand and Australia, with the black lines on the body showing a blue glow, which is a regional subspecies of the Indonesian species. The most common emperor finch is a species from Indonesia that matures with a coffee-colored body and a slightly yellow tail fin.
The species fish can grow up to 15 cm long, and if they are raised to that size, it will become the overlord of the aquarium. Any snapper and other clowns are constant targets of their attacks, so there must be plenty of room for bullied fish to escape. Emperor finches are extremely capable fish, and few individuals die of disease in aquariums. If the food supply is plentiful, it can grow quickly
Green Devil
Green Devils are the ornamental fish we are most accustomed to keeping in reef ecological aquariums, they are gentle, easy to raise, and they shine in the light with a turquoise glow, which looks good. The ornamental fish known as the Green Devil contains at least two species. There is also a type of Chromis atripectoralis. Both varieties appear very frequently in the market and look basically the same, making it difficult for professionals to distinguish them. Some fish of this genus that also have a turquoise color are also known in trade as green devils, but they are few in number and easy to distinguish, and are not described here.
A 400-liter reef ecological aquarium can raise 20 green devils, and if equipped with a flow-making pump, they will swim in groups against the current, much like the natural scene in the sea. Although this seabream is relatively mild, the amount you want to raise must be put into the aquarium at once. When these and adapt to the new environment, a perfect community is formed in the aquarium, it is impossible to add new members. Members of the Green Devil community will collectively attack the new species, making it impossible for the new fish to survive. One of the largest individuals will be "elected" as leaders, and the members of the group will seek food and avoid predators under its rule
skylark
This species of snapper, which can grow up to 18 cm, is widely distributed in most parts of the Indian Ocean, with a milky white body with 2-3 black patches. They prefer to survive in damaged coral reefs, especially large areas of bleached reefs that are endangered by El Niño. They are very strong, easy to raise, and easy to collect, so the price is very low. In general, traded individuals are between 3--6 cm and rarely adult individuals.
They have a strong sense of territory, and when they are large enough, they will bully other species of snappers, which should be considered in advance when raising. When hungry, the fish attack injured corals, and they also eat seaweed and molluscs, which are not very suitable for breeding in reef ecological aquariums.
Bust
The reason why they are called demigods is because their front half is coffee-colored, the back half is white, and only the back half of the body can be seen in the dark background, and only the front half of the body can be seen on the white background, which makes the bust very famous. Mainly distributed in the coastal and Red Sea regions of India, the catch is very small, and the trade price is not low
It is also a fish that prefers to move in groups and can form colonies in aquariums. It is best to give a relatively high specific gravity (such as 1.025) seawater to raise, which can make them healthier. When the ammonia content in the water is higher than 0.2 ppm, they will rot, so it is necessary to maintain better water quality than other species of snapper.
They are the most timid species in the genus and can make them nervous when raised with some ferocious fish. If there are no rocks in the aquarium, it will always make them afraid
Golden Sparrow
There are 3-4 species of ornamental fish called by this name, and some of them have not yet been accurately named. This fish is basically from Indonesia, although australian waters are also distributed, but few people go there to collect, I have only seen individuals over 10 centimeters in TV documentaries, they are very beautiful. In the trade, juvenile fish under 5 cm are all young, and they have not grown much for several years. In aquariums, they grow too slowly. Breeding fish friendly several names, in the past people usually called the golden general, golden bean lady, but now the name golden sparrow is used more. Raising them is also very simple, if you raise a juvenile fish community, there will also be a leader, and under its leadership, the members of the community will be uniformly active in a certain area of the aquarium. When raising one simply, it feels very urgent, and sometimes the color of the body changes according to the mood. If this fish has black markings on its body, it must be very afraid. If the whole fish is completely darker in color, or even appears coffee-colored, it may be that the pH or hardness is too low and the water change needs to be strengthened.
Five-line bean lady
This kind of fish can be caught in large quantities from Hainan, China, and even the seaside baths where people swim often see large groups of five-line bean maidens. It can grow up to 20 cm and is very fond of fighting with each other and must be raised in large aquariums. The fish is inexpensive and is the cheapest type of ornamental fish in the seawater, and many fishermen in the southern coastal cities use it for soup
Although they do not attack corals and invertebrates, do not easily raise this fish in the reef ecological aquarium, as they are very powerful as adults, which will mess up your landscape and make the aquarium "chickens and dogs restless". They can accept any feed, and if there is not enough food, they will nibble on the seaweed on the stones and chew the sand
When the mood is not good, the color will deepen, and sometimes even become black, which may be the time to change the water, if even this fish is not satisfied with the situation of the water, pay attention to the safety of other fish, they are likely to be on the verge of death
California Gemstones
California gemstones are mainly distributed in the "jungle" of giant algae along the Coast of California in the United States, and rarely appear in the domestic aquarium trade. As a fish with a special distribution, it is displayed in most public aquariums. Juveniles are usually introduced because juveniles are more beautiful. When adult, the sapphire-like spots on the fish will all disappear and become a 35 cm orange-red fierce fish
Raising this fish must provide good refrigeration equipment, they need to live in water at 15--20 ° C, the water temperature is too high, will die quickly. Because of this special requirement, it is not possible to raise it with other species of ornamental fish. In the wild, the fish mainly eat sea urchins and oysters, and most artificial baits are acceptable in artificial environments.
The breeding fish are very fierce and aggressive, and when they are large enough, it is necessary to ensure that the individuals are not very different from each other. 6 cm juvenile fish need to be raised for more than four years to fully become adult fish, and few people raise a single breed for that long, although it is very expensive, it is not favored by most ornamental fish lovers.
Nippon Sen
The waters around the Benizu Islands do produce several beautiful ornamental fish from the sea, and The Japanese sen is the most famous of them. It should be noted here that there are also traces of this fish in Midway and Kure Harbor in the northwest of the Hawaiian Islands, and foreign enthusiasts often refer to it as the Blue Bride. This is a small angelfish that can easily distinguish females and males from their physical characteristics, the male color is bright, the front half of the body shows a red background, and the female body front half of the bottom color is beige or light orange.
In nature, Japanese immortal couples appear in pairs in the sea at a depth of 3-25 meters, mostly between rocks, which is not easy to catch. So the market price is not cheap. Due to the proximity of the distribution area to the temperate zone, they prefer cool water. 18--24 °C is a more reasonable water temperature, if raised in the 26--27 °C reef ecological aquarium is absolutely no problem, but do not let the water temperature exceed 28 °C, it is easy to cause the fish impetuous, or even sudden death.
For feed, Japanese immortals have a strong receptivity, and I saw them eating pellet feed the day after they were introduced. In the aquarium they do not attack corals and molluscs, and can be safely raised. If possible, you can make the aquarium slightly taller, and when the water depth exceeds 90 cm, the color of the Japanese fairy will be easily stable. When illuminated with a halogen lamp with a high color temperature, the bright blue starlight on the fish body can be seen.
There is currently no indication of how this fish responds to the drug because we have access to too few individuals. It is best not to easily quarantine this fish with drugs, too many fish in cold waters have more or less drug reactions. Abroad, The Japanese Sento is sold in pairs, and there are many amateurs who are studying the artificial breeding of this fish, and the current progress is unknown. But there are no definitive success stories, and I think it has something to do with the fact that broodstock are getting too few.