#历史开讲 #
Yang Guang, born in 569, became emperor in 604 and died in 618. He was the second emperor of the Sui Dynasty.
In the minds of most of us, Yang Guang is a dim prince + tyrant who only knows how to spend days and days of desolation and shamelessness and martial arts to brutalize the loyal and well-fleshed people, and he is useless if he does not learn or do his job.
Portrait of Emperor Sui
Is the real Yang Guangguo really like this?
First of all, Yang Guang is "beautiful posture", the appearance image is very good, thrifty, simple, humble and courteous to others, has the feelings of the family and the world and the ambition of sages.
Secondly, Yang Guangwen is brilliant and his cultivation is extremely profound. Its poetry is beautiful but not gorgeous, soft but not lewd, with the style of righteousness and elegant language. It is most famous for "Spring River Flower and Moon Night", "Wild Hope" and "Drinking Horse Great Wall Cave Travel", which occupy an important position in the history of Chinese literature and poetry.
Again, Yang Guang is a genius military expert with great combat achievements. In 589, Yang Guang, who was only 20 years old, led the army of the Sui Dynasty to break through the Yangtze River Heavenly Graben, eliminating Southern Chen in one fell swoop, ending the situation of more than a hundred years of division between the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In 609, Yang Guang again destroyed Tuyuhun and included Qinghai, Gansu and other places into the Sui territory, expanding thousands of miles.
Yang Guang annihilated Chen
What kind of person is Yang Yong, who competes with Yang Guang for the throne?
The history books say that Yang Yong is generous, benevolent, filial and humble, and giving such an evaluation is actually a side-knock that Yang Yong is a mediocre person, and there is nothing that can be mastered, so he can only praise his character and temperament.
Yang Yong was able to become crown prince only because he was the eldest son of Yang Jian and Dugu Jialuo. How did he lose his status as prince? Because he openly amassed wealth and spent days and wine, he committed the taboo of his father Yang Jian, who ruled the country with diligence and thrift; Because he likes the new and dislikes the old concubine and suppresses his wife, he also commits the taboo of his mother, who is famous for being a jealous woman, Lonely Garo.
It is normal for Yang Nan, the unsuccessful prince, to be replaced by Yang Guang of Wen Neng'an Bang Wuneng Dingguo. Yang Guang's assumption of power was actually the common choice of everyone in the Great Sui Dynasty.
Poetry by Yang Guang
What evil did Yang Guang do, what bad deeds did he do?
The earliest publicity material for Yang Guang's crimes was the "Luozhou Wen" drafted by Zu Junyan for Li Mi when he rebelled, and Luo Guanzhong further refined and supplemented the "Legend of the Sui and Tang Dynasties", which was summarized as: 1. murdering his father; 2. incest; 3. indulging in wine and not thinking about the imperial government; 4. lavishly using civil engineering in a big way; 5. collecting exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes; 6. liking to cruise, so happy to make meritorious contributions and losing money; 7. conquest of Liaodong; 8. killing meritorious generals; 9. selling officials and knights, appointing adulterers; 10. unclear rewards and punishments.
The latter eight do not have any standard answers in the judgment of right and wrong, they are all fair and reasonable.
How much is it reasonable to spend on infrastructure projects? If the budget is not enough, it will not be added and let it become a bad project? The emperor did not go out to tour the field to investigate, but could only sit in the palace and watch the recital and listen to the report? Is a person who has not been reused qualified to say that the person who has been reused is a traitor? Heroes and good people will not be able to kill the regime by acting arbitrarily or endangering the regime? Is it right to allow Goguryeo to continue to encroach on the territory of the Sui Dynasty and plunder the people, but is it wrong to fight back in self-defense?
Calligraphy works by Yang Guang
Did Yang Guang kill his father? This charge is controversial.
Yang Jian was 64 years old when he died, which was a proper high life expectancy compared with the average life expectancy of more than 40 years at that time. Yang Jian had been ill for a long time before his death, and Yang Guang, who had served as the crown prince for four years, presided over the imperial government and acted as the official of the military state. Yang Guangquan is calling for wind and rain all over the world, Yang Jian is dying and precarious, even if Yang Jian has the intention of Yi Chu, he can only think about it, Yang Guang really does not need to kill Yang Jian impatiently.
The Tang ministers Wei Zheng and Changsun Wuji recorded Yang Jian's death when they revised the Book of Sui, "Jiachen, who was very ill, lay in the Renshou Palace, resigned with the hundred staff, and shook hands. Ding Wei, who collapsed in the Great Treasure Hall, was sixty-four years old. ”
One has the name of "Wise Minister", the other is Li Shimin's eldest brother, and both have experienced the death of Sui and Tang Li throughout the process. It is most unlikely that they fabricated lies and concealed the murder of their father for Yang Guang in the official history books of the Tang Dynasty, and the authenticity of this information should be more reliable than the Zizhi Tongjian.
Yang Guang's murder of his father is controversial, but Yang Guang's killing of his brother is true. His cousin + son-in-law - Li Shimin is much more ruthless than him, Yang Guang only ordered to poison the deposed prince Yang Yong, but Li Shimin killed Li Jiancheng, Li Yuanji and all the sons of the two, of which Li Jiancheng was shot by Li Shimin himself.
Yang Guang parade map
Regarding Yang Guang's "incest", various materials are also very different, which makes people incomprehensible.
Sima Guang said in "Zizhi Tongjian" that Yang Guang was molesting Yang Jian's favored concubine Lady Xuanhua, and the early Tang Zhao Yi's "Notes on the Great Business" said that he was molesting Yang Jian's favored concubine Lady Ronghua. The storyline is exactly the same, but the heroines are two.
After Yang Guang inherited the great ruler, it is a fact that he included Lady Xuanhua and Lady Ronghua, which is probably related to national traditions and the customs of the time.
Yang Jian's original surname was Pu Liuru, and he changed his surname to Yang after he took control of the Northern Zhou regime. Pu Liuru is a big surname of the Xianbei tribe, and if Yang Nuan is really a Xianbei tribesman, it is not surprising that all his wives and concubines will be inherited by his son after his death.
This kind of "incest" was also common in the later Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin first married his sister-in-law Yang Jiemei, and later included his old mother-in-law Empress Xiao into his harem; Emperor Gaozong Li Zhitang married his father's concubine Wu Zetian, and the love between Tang Ming Emperor Li Longji and his daughter-in-law Yang Yuhuan was actually famous all over the world.
Imperial examination system
Yang Guang has done many big things and is very forward-looking.
Yang Guang has been in power for 14 years, and he has always been busy, either doing big things or thinking about doing big things. Although Yang Guang has great ambitions and grandeur, he has no choice but to be high and low.
Yang Guang set up the Jin Shi Department in 606 to select talents for the country through examinations, so that truly talented people could report to the state.
This policy of benefiting the country and the people was strongly opposed by the wealthy families, because Yang Guang broke their monopoly on the talent market and deprived them of their political rights.
Yang Guang spent six years excavating and repairing the Grand Canal with Luoyang as the center running through the north and south, connecting the five major water systems of the Haihe, Yellow, Huaihe, Yangtze and Qiantang Rivers, and made great contributions to consolidating national unity and promoting economic exchanges between the north and the south.
However, Yang Guang overestimated the country's financial resources and the people's ability to bear, and the heavy taxes forced all sides to reveal it, which also made this water conservancy project an unforgivable crime for him.
Shi and Yun did not stand on Yang Guang's side, so Yang Guang's defeat was already doomed.
Sui Dynasty Grand Canal
Yang Guang was called the "Sui Emperor", a mockery of the victor against the loser, and also the cycle of cause and effect.
The character "Qiao" is a very learned word, integrating the six evil deeds of the emperor, "good inner and far away to pay homage to the people, against the heavens and abuse the people, good for the government, thin affection and righteousness, and away from the country of virtue and wasteland."
The character "Qi" was posthumously given by Yang Guang to the uncle of Empress Nanchen, but his aunt and cousin Li Yuan gave it to him again. Yang Guang should have spent a lot of brains when he gave Chen Shubao the word, while Li Yuan learned and used it lively, "with the way of the other, give back to the other." For the loser Yang Guang, he was a black hat of lecherousness, treachery, and calamity to the country and the people.
The so-called history is not necessarily an objective fact, especially in ancient times when information was closed. Whoever wins and whose voice is high will be heard by more people; The wider it spreads, the more people will recognize it as the truth. Whoever has the most advice to safeguard the interests of the ruler and the most kitsch, the more likely it is to be preserved in writing and passed on by word of mouth.
No matter how healthy people are, they can't stand being secretly stripped naked and tied up and put in the cold wind to blow, blow for a while and catch a cold, and then continue to blow on high fever pneumonia, and become a standard high-risk patient. After blowing for a while, you can be officially announced to be suffering from a serious illness and dying.