"I am willing to hand over my five-foot body to the party, to eradicate the world's injustices with the party, and to build a new society of equality." Warm and alive, warm and dead. ”
Two short sentences, like an autumn wind sweeping away fallen leaves. It's not just the content that's clean, it's also the determination of the revolution. Even with punctuation marks, there are only 44 words, and the number of words is very small but very heavy, almost equal to the author's life.
This is an application for joining the party in October 1926, and the person who wrote it is called Wei Baqun.
What may be known to everyone is that Chairman Mao launched a peasant uprising revolution in his early years and wrote the "Report on the Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan" in March 1927, but few people knew about Wei Baqun. In fact, he had no crossroads with Chairman Mao in his youth. Together with Peng Pan, the three of them together, they were known as the three leaders of the early peasant movement in China.
It's just a pity that in the autumn of 1932, he was betrayed and killed by traitors. The head is hung high on the Kuixing Tower.
Shamelessly displayed, i don't know whether it was a show or a humiliation, or both. The Kuomintang reactionaries have always been cruel to the Communists. But the eyes hanging upstairs— the eyes that overlooked the sentient beings, actually had no fear, and what they contained was full of disdain for the younger generation.
He never bowed his head until he died.
First, roar for the oppressors
In 1894, the year before the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War broke out.
In the southwest, far from the Yellow Sea, Donglan County, Guangxi. In early spring, the ice and snow melted, and a family of rich and noble people with many fields was born, and Wei Baqun was born with a golden key.
Rich and wealthy room, many fields and wide areas, a lifetime of food and clothing. In the lonely years of the poor and miserable people everywhere, he was undoubtedly born as a man of the highest, on the condition that there was no superiority in all. If not unexpectedly, his life trajectory should be to study, take exams, become an official, and even if he is not good, he can inherit his own family business, become a landlord and become rich, and enjoy happiness and happiness for a lifetime. Marry a lady who is right at home as a wife, and marry a few beautiful concubines...
Yes, it should have been. And for ordinary people, such a life is simply a dream. However, Wei Baqun did not quite agree.
Because it's not a "matter of course". He thought silently in his heart.
Without the slightest bit of labor, they have enough food and clothing, and those who work in their own homes can hardly say that they can fill their stomachs even if they work all day.
His sense of self and fairness gradually sprouted. When you play carefree yourself, others are tired. If you are infected with any disease in the middle of the night, your family will ask the best doctor in the city overnight. Children who go to school to study and study on their own, and children who are the same age as themselves, have already had to face the burden of life.
Born to be rich, can you enjoy everything you have never paid for? Wei Baqun felt that this was too unfair for most people.
Compassion gradually made him jump out of the shackles of his own class, and his vision was broadened and moved down. Within the limits of his power, he always helped the poor as much as possible. When he had new clothes, he gave them to his friends who were short of clothes, and when the surplus grain at home was sufficient, he distributed the grain to the peasants... He didn't think he needed to have that much.
So some people joked that this young master of the Wei family was not a fool, and his brain was broken. But how can those who laugh at him understand that where he is stupid, he is just kind.
In 1913, at the age of 16, Wei Baqun had the ability to be autonomous.
Feeling empathy for the lives of the toiling masses, he was desperate to seek change. Therefore, he ignored the opposition of his family and went against the wishes of his relatives to study and become an official. Even the persecution of his family to break off relations did not cause him to shake half a point.
It was like ignoring the cold eyes that mocked him for helping the poor. To be the master of his own path, Wei Baqun resolutely chose to leave the Guilin Law and Politics School and travel to other places.
What the world was like, he wanted to see more.
It was the third year after the end of the Xinhai Revolution, Yuan Shikai was already in power, and the Beiyang faction was dominant in China. But China did not get any better because of the establishment of the Republic of China. As in past decades, the poor remain poor and the rich remain rich. The great powers are still oppressing people, and there are displaced, ill-dressed, and hungry people everywhere.
Perhaps the only difference is that there is one less Qing government and more big warlords stepping on the people's heads. The emperor became president, and the name was better. Suffering and suffering people are the most common thing on this earth.
The more you see, the greater the frustration. Although he didn't have much hope at first, after recognizing such a situation, Wei Baqun's heart was still like a heavy stone, pressed against his chest, and it was difficult to breathe.
He returned to his hometown with mixed feelings, and his heart was a little bitter. He hated the bullying and oppression of landlords, warlords, and great powers, and hated his own weakness and inability to change the scarred scene of the world.
How can there be a change? Even a little bit. After repeated reflection, the seeds of the Hitu Revolution were planted at this time and gradually took root.
Therefore, in 1916, after the outbreak of the Patriotic Movement, Wei Baqun, who was not satisfied with the status quo and eager to change China, seemed to have found a glimmer of light at once. After hearing the specific news, he immediately led more than a hundred men from his hometown to defect to the camp of the defending army against Yuan Shikai.
Yuan Shikai wants to restore, which is a reversal of history, and the move of the defending army is a just move.
Although on the whole, Yuan's army was relatively progressive, history could not be achieved overnight. Therefore, soon after entering the army, Wei Baqun found that the Defending Army was actually full of feudalism and bureaucracy.
Soldiers joined the army not because of ideals, but because of salaries; generals fought not for righteousness, but for profit. Democracy and republicanism are just a pretense, and whoever really believes in it is a fool.
He had found the wrong place, he felt.
Perhaps the great leader of Sun Yat-sen really tried to change the world and realize the "Three People's Principles" that he had been chasing all his life, but the people below did not necessarily think the same way. They cleverly attached a layer of capitalist mantle, with old wine inside, but replaced with new bottles. When you change, it looks shiny and shiny.
All of this made him very disgusted.
Therefore, after a few years of ups and downs, with deep disappointment with the so-called bourgeois revolutionary forces, in 1921, Wei Baqun once again returned to his hometown in Donglan with some low ground.
The glitz fades away, leaving only experience, experience, knowledge, and sincerity that never fades. He began to seriously think about the principle of saving the country and saving the people. In my hometown, where I grew up, I gradually explored a new way - to mobilize farmers.
Second, find the way forward
In 1921, driven by Wei Baqun's organization, the "Reform Donglan Comrades Association" was established.
The peasantry is the largest majority of the country, and as long as the peasants rise up, the revolution has a great chance of success. Keenly aware of this, Wei Baqun began to lead the peasant movement, uniting the peasants of all nationalities such as Zhuang, Yao, Han, and other nationalities, and calling on everyone to carry out a "social revolution" together.
"Opposing warlords, corrupt officials, local tyrants and gentry, and transforming the old politics, old economy, and old culture of Donglan", he took this as the purpose of the "Comrades' Association" and launched a series of actions around it.
Putting up slogans, handing out flyers, giving speeches... The so-called propaganda call is nothing more than this. Wei Baqun is particularly persistent and persistent. If you can't do it once, you'll come twice, and if you don't do it twice, you'll come three times. Tirelessly, in that dark and decaying old society, he cried out. He cried out in pain and full of hope: We must "fight against injustice, save our hometown, save Guangxi, and save China."
The young teenagers of the past have now become torches that indicate the future. The noble prince of the landlord's family in the past is now on the same front as the poor. The so-called fate twists and turns, the peculiarity is like this.
Therefore, under the unremitting inspiration of Wei Baqun, even those who are numb cannot be completely unmoved. He was pleasantly surprised and pleased to find that his voice had been echoed by more and more people, and the influence of the "Comrades' Association" was growing at a speed visible to the naked eye, expanding wider and wider.
The efforts were not in vain. Wei Baqun felt very relieved, and at the same time, he also strengthened his confidence in continuing on this road. Soon after, he rallied young and strong men among the masses and formed a revolutionary armed detachment. In Donglan, he fought heroically against the local gentry who oppressed the people.
Through continuous hard work, in 1923, Wei Baqun led a peasant army to attack donglan county, and successfully drove out the reactionary county magistrate Meng Yuanliang, achieving a stage victory in the donglan peasant movement.
Soon, however, the uprising was suppressed by local warlords, and Wei Baqun was wanted. As a last resort, he had to choose to leave his hometown temporarily.
The stubborn forces are still strong, and at this stage alone, they cannot compete with them, and they must find another way. In reflecting on the setbacks encountered and summing up the lessons learned, Wei Baqun clearly felt his limitations.
Helplessly but realistically, he realized that if he wanted to continue to develop the revolutionary movement, he must also find a more advanced ideological theory to guide practice.
"The purpose of going must be to study, and when you learn, you will hate less." Otherwise, life time will be fought with chickens and dogs..." He recounted in a letter to a friend. Determined to go out to study and find the true revolutionary truth. And in this search, he found the Communist Party and Marxism.
From the summer of 1924, it traveled all the way through Guizhou, Yunnan, Vietnam, Hong Kong... By the beginning of 1925, after half a year, Wei Baqun finally arrived in Guangzhou. Looking at the bustling streets and alleys of the city, he felt a little nervous and excited in his heart.
The National Revolution began in January, and the Northern Expeditionary Army set out from here and headed north until it overthrew the corrupt Beiyang warlords and unified all of China. Therefore, at this time, Guangzhou was the starting place of the National Revolutionary Army, and many high-level people in the Kuomintang and communist circles gathered here, which was a well-deserved center of democratic revolution.
However, Wei Baqun did not come here to join the revolutionary forces. He had one goal, and that was the peasant movement training center founded by the Chinese Communist Party. He joined in and became the third class of students.
In the Peasants' Institute, as soon as he came into contact with Marxist-Leninist theory, Wei Baqun studied it with hunger and thirst. Isn't such an advanced theory exactly what I have been seeking? Wei Baqun was convinced that he had found the right place, and his ideals and beliefs became clearer and clearer.
He saw clearly the direction he was going, and the future had never been so bright. He also got to know a large number of like-minded people. Wei Baqun, who had revolutionary ideals in his heart but had been groping forward in the darkness, really felt that he had found the right light. The excitement and excitement in his heart was incomparable.
In the summer of 1925, after half a year of hard study, he returned to his hometown in Donglan after completing his studies, and using the many theoretical knowledge he had learned, Wei Baqun opened the first peasant movement training institute in Guangxi and began to train cadres of the agricultural movement.
In 1926, he successfully joined the Communist Party of China, becoming the first communist member of the Donglan branch of the Communist Party of China. The peasant movement also grew louder. In December of the same year, the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China wrote in its report to the Comintern: "Comrade Wei has become a Peng Pan of sea and land in Donglan, and has won the faith of the peasants. ”
Third, the end of the hero
After the vigorous National Revolution initially occupied the south, it stopped its further northward advance. In 1927, after two large-scale counter-revolutionary coups d'état on April 12 and July 15, due to the betrayal of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party moved from cooperation to rupture, and the former close comrade-in-arms relationship ceased to exist.
The Kuomintang anti-party carried out a large-scale arrest and massacre of the Communists, and the rest of the people were constantly chased and blocked, trying to cut down the grass and remove the roots. In December 1929, Wei Baqun, who could not bear it, together with Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Yunyi, launched the Baise Uprising in Guangxi, announcing the official establishment of the Seventh Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Wei Baqun as the leader of the third column, and the team, including Deng Xiaoping, affectionately called him "Brother Ba".
In October 1930, with the development and change of the revolutionary situation, the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee believed that the Stay of the Seventh Army in the south had no great significance, and decided to let the army go north to meet the Red Army led by Zhu De and Mao Zedong and fight together.
In the face of such a situation, in order to assist and cover the actions of the Seventh Army, it is also necessary to preserve as much as possible the revolutionary base area of youjiang that was hard to create. Wei Baqun was not afraid of hardships and dangers, and took the initiative to ask Miao to stay.
Yes, this base was created by himself, and there is no more suitable left-behind candidate than himself. Wei Baqun was determined. In fact, he also knew that if he stayed behind, he would definitely face great danger when the main force had left, but for the sake of the overall situation, he had nothing to hesitate.
In order to prevent these native Guangxi disciples from not willing to travel far, they may follow them or desert and run back halfway. A few days before the troops were about to march north, Wei Baqun held a mobilization meeting to encourage the soldiers of the Seventh Army not to be scrupulous and brave to go north.
At the meeting, looking at the thousands of Red Army soldiers standing upright and neatly, he felt infinite emotion in his heart, his eyes were deep, and he said in a serious tone: "Brothers, who does not love their hometown?" But what is called love, only when the reactionaries are beaten, the world is at peace, and the people in their hometown are liberated and liberated, and they are free and equal, is the real love. ”
"We are separated from our families today for a better reunion in the future!"
He also created a "Song of Encouragement for Fighters": "When you go out to make a revolution, don't love your family." Follow the Communist Party and be a good Red Army. For the people for themselves, the cause is really glorious. The revolution succeeded and shared a year of happiness. ”
The impassioned singing, which spread in all directions, opened the prelude to the northward journey, and also touched the heartstrings of the soldiers, inspiring them to bravely move forward for the great future of the victory of the revolution. Wei Baqun left only one company of troops for himself, and handed over to the main forces of the Red Seventh Army Army in the north of the more than 2,000 outstanding Red Army fighter commanders and fighters and the best weapons of the third column led by him.
On the day of parting, on the mountains in the rear, looking at the mighty and distant back of the large troops, Wei Baqun had a lot of thoughts in his heart for a while, but in the end he was suppressed by the tenacious belief that the revolution would never retreat. His eyes were cold, but in his heart he whispered goodbye to this group of lovely disciples who had fought bravely with him: "Brothers, go here, we will see you in the next day." ”
However, the silent promise of goodbye only stayed in the heart and never came again.
Because soon after the Red Seventh Army moved north, the Guangxi authorities of the Kuomintang New Gui Clan continued to send a large number of troops to attack Wei Baqun and his troops.
In view of this, although Wei Baqun adopted the principle of active defense and the flexible strategy and tactics, and repeatedly retreated or cleverly evaded the enemy's encirclement and suppression of the Youjiang base area, he was finally seriously defeated due to the disparity in strength between the enemy and ourselves.
The strength was almost exhausted, and Wei Baqun hid in the dense mountain forests of Guangxi.
As long as he is alive, the enemy will be in trouble, and as long as there is only one fighter left, the revolutionary forces will not completely fade. The high fever and chills made the whole person endure great torture. His head was a headache and groggy. Wei Baqun knew very well in his heart that he was probably sick, and he was very seriously ill.
Unfortunately, he fell ill with malaria and could no longer continue to fight.
Is that...... Wei Ang? Why is he holding my gun?
"Bang!" Gunshots rang out.
On October 18, 1932, the great proletarian revolutionary Wei Baqun, who terrified and helpless the Kuomintang reactionaries, died at the hands of his nephew Wei Ang, who had been bribed by the Kuomintang. He had imagined many times that sooner or later he might sacrifice heroically for the revolution, but he never expected that he would end up being betrayed by his cronies.
Wei Baqun
Time flies.
In 1939, Wei Ang, the murderer of Wei Baqun, ambushed him in Hechi.
In 1960, Liu Zhi, who was behind the plot to murder Wei Baqun, was arrested by the public security organs of Tian Yang and Debao.
In 1962, Chen's uncle, who assisted in the killing, was also captured.
Before the formal death penalty came, they both died in prison. This is the retribution they deserve.
The soul of the revolution is immortal. In 1932, the Red Army general Wei Baqun died in that depressed autumn, but the "brother" who asked for the lives of the people and paid for the people was forever alive in the hearts of the people.