Accuray Huanan
Abstract: The building energy consumption management of the Internet of Things is usually mainly through the form of energy consumption supervision to reduce energy consumption, the paper specifically elaborates the specific requirements according to energy consumption supervision, and with the help of wireless sensors, to achieve effective and real-time monitoring of large building electric energy, with the help of collection, storage and analysis, so as to improve the supervision of building energy consumption.
Keywords: Internet of Things; Building intelligence; Building energy consumption
I. Preface
At present, some large buildings in Shenzhen adopt open design, and the operating load of air conditioning is large; For the uniformity of indoor illumination, excessive use of artificial lighting; Using a glass curtain wall as an exterior wall, the thermal conductivity is relatively large, which will cause greater losses to air conditioning and refrigeration; Due to the long office hours in a small part of the building area, the energy consumption loss of the ineffective operation of central air conditioning, and the large temperature changes in Shenzhen, especially the long summer time, resulting in large fluctuations in energy consumption; The use of conference rooms and personal spaces does not turn off the lights in time, and the lighting time is too long, resulting in energy loss.
Technical analysis from the current situation, such as the use of the Internet of Things intelligent platform, can realize real-time monitoring of building energy consumption, and then improve the intelligent level of energy consumption management system, and can effectively collect data, is one of the relatively effective solutions for large-scale building energy consumption management.
Second, the Internet of Things technology
According to the principle of network layering, the IoT architecture of large buildings is layered: mainly including object perception layer, transport layer, and application service layer. Object perception layer: mainly with the help of RFID, M2M, sensor network and communication network to perceive physical objects, so as to obtain relevant information content. Specifically, the transport layer covers the following parts: that is, the data exchange layer and the information integration layer. Data exchange layer: to a certain extent, it can facilitate data transmission and provide transparent transmission; Information integration layer: it is to obtain information content for the network, so as to analyze and sort out; Application service layer: In general, it refers to the transformation of information into the subject matter, providing specified service content, specifically processing perception data with the help of analysis, so as to enrich users with specific services. With the continuous acceleration of the development of Internet of Things technical means, it will surely give technical support for the energy consumption management of large buildings, so as to promote the ideal effect of energy consumption management of large buildings, promote the construction of large buildings can greatly reduce energy consumption, achieve its sustainable development, provide a relatively perfect environment, and achieve intelligent management, so that the management effect of large buildings can break through the inherent energy consumption limits.
3. Building energy consumption management system
The construction of energy consumption management information platform is currently an effective form of strengthening energy consumption management, to some extent can reduce the energy consumption index of buildings, with the help of Internet of Things technology can achieve good management effects, accurate collection of data, real-time transmission, and can be completely stored, and then different categories of real-time information, as well as historical data, effective comparative analysis, through optimization of management strategies, as well as monitoring of different equipment, and then to the purpose of reasonable control of energy consumption. In the specific management process, it is usually with the help of the core technology of the Internet of Things, wireless sensors, and corresponding devices to interact with the Internet information in the form of intelligent identification and management. From the aspect of system architecture, it is mainly with the help of IoT building energy consumption tubes
Specifically, it is composed of three parts: perception, transmission and information, first of all, for perception, specifically terminal sensing information collection, and controlled equipment; The transmission covers the internal network of the building, as well as the public external network, for data collection and transmission; For information applications, specifically, the building calls the cloud service layer "cloud" to achieve intelligent control and processing.
4. Energy consumption measurement system
(1) Information collection and transmission
For the electrical signal of the electrical equipment, it is mainly collected by the detection circuit, and then collected to the data periodically, with the help of wireless communication one-hop form, or multi-hop transmission to the specified location, that is, the intranet server, usually with the help of ZigBee smart meter detection, and for this detection meter, it essentially needs to solve the following problems: low cost, low consumption, low complexity, and then low transmission rate and short-range equipment applications. This kind of smart meter also has its own characteristics, which are manifested in equipment power saving, reliable communication, network self-organization, relatively strong self-healing, low cost, and extremely high network capacity, which can ensure the real-time security of data. Therefore, for wireless sensor metering networks, they are basically used
ZigBee, Mesh network construction, and for the latter, it can be called wireless cellular website, which is a dynamic website, and can gradually expand the network architecture, any two devices, can be wireless interconnection, so as to ensure data transmission reliability.
Inside the building, the power circuits of all power-consuming devices are placed in appropriate locations, smart meters are treated as nodes, and all nodes are made into a mesh network. All users will need to set up a central node. All network data is transmitted to the ZigBee adapter, which reaches the ZigBee central node location and centralizes it, while for the central node, different power data is received and then securely transmitted to the building monitoring management center.
(2) Information storage
At the same time of information storage, it is necessary to adopt data fusion processing for information, which requires the information storage system to highlight its own functional role, so as to receive data information transmitted by different equipment, and display visual data information, at the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to the collection of historical data for sorting, and mining the use of rules, and can interact with the information of electrical equipment, develop intelligent linkage control schemes, and reduce energy consumption.
(3) Remote monitoring
The information release system, usually through the Internet platform, or GRRS network, can give users remote access, reasonable control signals, and transmit them to all user internal gateways in real time, so as to achieve all electrical equipment in the system, as well as power supply, for remote monitoring.
(4) Effectively control equipment energy consumption
Air conditioning and refrigeration should control the room temperature should not be lower than 26 °C, lighting energy saving should give priority to the use of high-efficiency and energy-saving and practical new light sources and energy-saving controllers, and at the same time, combined with the scientific maintenance and management of the Internet of Things, effectively control the energy consumption of large buildings.
5. On-line monitoring system for energy consumption of key energy-using units of Accuray
(1) System overview
Industrial energy consumption online monitoring system is a large-scale data integrated management system integrating Intranet/Internet network technology, GPRS wireless transmission technology, Web service software technology and database technology. The system provides an access network channel for managers, internal users and browsers at all levels of energy consumption, and builds a reasonable and efficient information transmission platform and management platform. The development and application of industrial energy consumption online monitoring system for government management departments, enterprise production management, measurement management, energy conservation management to a new height, is our energy saving, emission reduction, energy saving and consumption reduction to achieve an effective solution.
Energy composition and monitoring content:
Figure 1 Energy composition
Figure 2 Monitoring content
Electricity consumption: collect electricity consumption information of heating, boilers, air conditioners, refrigeration, lighting, office, elevators, pumps, fans, ventilators and other power-consuming equipment. It mainly monitors its electricity consumption, and monitors its current, voltage and power factor information for large power-consuming equipment.
Power distribution: collect 6kV/10kV distribution switchgear, transformers, status signals, voltage, current, active power, reactive power, power factor, power quality, electrical energy, etc.
Water use: tap water and steam; Collect smart heat meters, steam flow meters, water meters, etc. with 485 communication functions;
Gas: gas, natural gas; Collection of gas meters with 485 communication function;
Environmental parameters: collection of temperature/hygrometer with 485 communication function; Heating and air conditioning supply and return water temperature;
(2) System framework
Figure 3 System framework
(1) Energy consumption management system: The system can regularly enter and collect energy-consuming working fluids such as coal, electricity, oil, gas, heat, water and other energy and energy-consuming working fluids of key energy-using enterprises, and organize and store the collected energy consumption data to support data for summary analysis and reporting.
(2) Energy utilization information reporting system
Key energy-using enterprises can submit their current year's "Energy Utilization Status Report" to the Municipal Energy Conservation Supervision Center through this system, upload it to the Provincial Energy Conservation Supervision Corps for review after the initial review, and then report it to the relevant national departments.
(3) Unit energy consumption level identification and evaluation system
Use the energy consumption data of key energy-using units to analyze and evaluate the energy consumption status of enterprises and find problems. It provides a scientific basis and platform for the government energy conservation management department to grasp, analyze information and research energy-saving renovation and formulate relevant policies and measures.
(4) Decision service and expert consulting service system
The system provides intuitive, concise and fast data information query and decision support services. Provide scientific and reasonable consultation and guidance on the energy consumption of key energy-using enterprises, and help key energy-using enterprises make timely, correct, feasible and effective solutions.
(5) Energy consumption prediction and energy security early warning system
Through the systematic comprehensive grasp of the energy purchase, use, consumption and production of key energy-using enterprises, the energy consumption of enterprises is comprehensively evaluated and analyzed, and the energy consumption of the enterprise is compared with the same period value and the limit value, and the energy consumption exceeds the standard is given early warning and prompting.
On the basis of comprehensive access to energy use, data mining and analysis are carried out to realize the predictive analysis function of energy consumption, and provide a support system for macro decision-making of relevant government departments.
(6) Energy conservation monitoring and information release, legal and regulatory knowledge training system:
Through this system platform, comprehensive energy-saving supervision can be carried out for key energy-consuming enterprises in the province; Publish energy-saving laws, regulations and standards, as well as basic energy knowledge, energy statistics knowledge, energy-saving monitoring methods and other materials; Handle documents, notices, announcements, etc. related to daily energy conservation management.
(3) System network structure
The system collects data information from the energy monitoring center of each enterprise to the database system in the background, and provides analysis, prediction and early warning functions after analysis and processing. At the same time, through the portal website, wireless terminal and other means, it provides multi-faceted and visual convenient services for provincial and municipal leaders and relevant commissions and offices.
Figure 4 System structure
(4) Product selection of energy consumption monitoring system
| Application scenarios | Model | Key features |
| High voltage critical circuit or low-voltage inlet cabinet | APM810 | Three-phase (I, U, KW, KVAR, KWh, kvarh, Hz, cosΦ), zero sequence current In, four-quadrant energy, current, voltage imbalance, load current histogram display, 66 alarm types and external events (SOE) 16 event records each, support SD card extended record, 2-63rd harmonic, 2DI+2DO, RS485/Modbus, LCD display |
| Low-voltage contact cabinet, outlet cabinet | AEM96 | Three-phase electrical parameters U, I, P, Q, S, PF, F measurement, total positive and reverse active energy statistics, forward and reverse reactive energy statistics; 2-31st fractional harmonic and total harmonic content analysis, phase harmonics and fundamental electrical parameters (voltage, current, power); Current specification 3×1.5(6)A, active energy accuracy 0.5S, reactive energy accuracy 2 |
| Power cabinet | ACR120EL | LCD display, full electrical parametric measurement (U, I, P, Q, PF, F); Four-quadrant energy measurement; RS485/Modbus； Optional multi-rate energy statistics, demand statistics; 4DI+2DO； RS485 communication interface, Modbus protocol |
| DTSD1352 | Three-phase electrical parameters U, I, P, Q, S, PF, F measurement, split phase forward active energy statistics, total positive and reverse active energy statistics, total positive and reverse reactive energy statistics; infrared communication; Current specifications: 3×1(6)A through transformer, 3×10(80)A directly connected, active energy accuracy 0.5S, reactive energy accuracy 2 | |
| Lighting box | DTSD1352 | Three-phase electrical parameters U, I, P, Q, S, PF, F measurement, split phase forward active energy statistics, total positive and reverse active energy statistics, total positive and reverse reactive energy statistics; infrared communication; Current specifications: 3×1(6)A through transformer, 3×10(80)A directly connected, active energy accuracy 0.5S, reactive energy accuracy 2 |
| DDSD1352 | Single-phase electrical parameters U, I, P, Q, S, PF, F measurement, forward and reverse energy measurement; Infrared and RS485 communication; Current specifications: 10(60)A, active energy accuracy level 1, reactive energy accuracy level 2; Compound rates are available | |
| DDS1352 | Single-phase electrical parameters U, I, P, Q, S, PF, F measurement, forward and reverse energy measurement; RS485 communication; Current specifications: 10(60)A, active energy accuracy level 1, reactive energy accuracy level 2; Size: 1P | |
| Water supply pipes | water meter | Measure the total volume of water flowing through the water supply pipe, suitable for unidirectional water flow, using electronic direct reading technology, and directly output dial data through the RS485 bus |
| Gas pipelines | Gas meters | Measure the total volume of gas flowing through the gas pipeline, with valve control function, using electronic direct reading technology, directly output dial data through RS485 bus, high measurement accuracy, no external power supply. |
| Central cooling and heating | Hot and cold tables | Measure and display the user's heating and heating, central air conditioning cooling capacity, consisting of a flow sensor, a microprocessor and a paired temperature sensor. Automatic alarm when the temperature sensor is open or short circuit, and automatically alarm when the voltage is low or it is damaged by attack. Direct output of dial data through RS485 bus, high measurement accuracy. |
6. Conclusion
In general, the research on energy consumption management of large-scale buildings of the Internet of Things is the focus of current research, which is conducive to minimizing the energy consumption of large-scale buildings, realizing the effective use of resources, reducing energy consumption while promoting the intelligent construction of buildings more scientific and reasonable. This paper specifically elaborates an implementation reference scheme for the energy consumption management of large-scale buildings of the Internet of Things, so as to promote the intelligent construction of buildings to achieve ideal results, and promote the construction of large-scale buildings to be more scientific, humanized and intelligent.
[References]
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[3] Accuray Enterprise Microgrid Design and Application Manual.2020.06 Edition.