Spy warfare can be said to be a popular theme in TV series and movies, and once it is screened, it will be popular. Historically, however, these underground party members are not as glamorous as they are on screen, and they need to use calm brains and flexible and clever words to deal with all kinds of unexpected situations that may occur at any time.
During the Kuomintang-Communist Civil War, there was such a military commander who made Chiang Kai-shek regard him as a confidant, and even spared no effort to exclude the public opinion for him, calling the reports of Du Yuming and others nonsense.
However, in 1949, it was chiang kai-shek's most trusted military commander who led the generals in Sichuan to rise up, making the "metropolis war" conceived by Chiang Kai-shek in his mind come to naught. The surprise attack of this general made Chiang Kai-shek still grumpy after he fled, so much so that he chanted at his desk every day: "Niang Xipi, I didn't expect that the biggest spy was him." ”
Guo Rujie
Who is this commander? What kind of means did he use to make the suspicious Chiang Kai-shek unaware and regard him as a confidant?
The military commander, named Guo Rugui, was born in 1907 in Tongliang County, Sichuan Province, in a scholarly mendi. His great-grandfather was a famous local talent, who taught the princes to read and write, and wrote a number of books. His father, Guo Langxi, won the first place in the imperial examination.
Guo Rugui, who grew up in a family with such a strong cultural heritage, naturally followed her father to read and read since childhood. After a little longer, Guo Rugui's intellectual insights and bold strategies far surpassed his peers. His father, Guo Langxi, saw that his beloved son was gifted and a material for learning, so he sent him from his hometown in Tongliang to Chengdu to study.
Chiang Kai-shek
Twelve-year-old Guo Rujie studied at the Chengdu Higher Normal School under the study of the socialist scholar Mr. Hu Zilin. At this time, during the May Fourth Movement, Chengdu, as one of the metropolises of the time, was inevitably hit by a wave of new ideas, with workers setting off a wave of strikes and students handing out leaflets and propaganda speeches in the streets.
Since then, the young Guo Rujie has gained an ignorant understanding of the words socialism, and has also laid the groundwork for his lifelong struggle for the cause of communism in the future. After the May Fourth Movement, Guo showed a keen interest in ideas that had never been exposed to before. He hid in the library and dabbled in a large number of Books on Western politics and military affairs, trying to find a path suitable for China's national conditions.
These advanced Western ideas made the 17-year-old radical and enthusiastic, dissatisfied with the principal's flattering face to the officials, indignant at the backwardness of the learning and education system. To this end, Guo Rugui successively led many student cadres of the United Middle School to revolt together, trying to overthrow the pedantic feudal education promoted by the principal Zhang Zheng.
Although the uprising ended in failure after being suppressed by his superiors, Guo Rujie learned from it a large number of patriotic young people with advanced ideas like him. In 1925, Guo Rugui graduated from the United High School and faced with the choice of subjects, in front of the three roads of engineering, medicine and the army, he hesitated, he did not know, at this moment, China, how to save.
When he talked about this matter with his old classmate Chen Yandong all night, Chen Yandong stared at Guo Rugui and pondered for a long time, and then said: "Brother Rugui, at present, the political situation is in chaos, the great powers are raging, and the warlords are divided. Chen Yandong's words spoke to Guo Rugui's heart, and he was determined to take the road of joining the army to save the country.
Under the introduction of Guo Rudong, a cousin who served as the commander of the Sichuan Army, Guo Ruzhi drove to Guangdong to participate in the fifth cadet selection examination of the Whampoa Military Academy, and passed the inspection with excellent results, officially becoming a member of the political section of the fifth phase of the Whampoa Military Academy.
In his youth, Guo Ruzhen was associated with his teachers and classmates
Most of the political science teachers of the Whampoa Military Academy, represented by Yun Daiying, Xiao Chunu, and others, were members of the Communist Party. Under their diligent teachings, Guo Ruzhi began to study socialist theoretical works in a targeted manner. During his school studies, he read a lot of newspapers and periodicals written by Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and others, and actively participated in lectures organized by progressive people in Guangdong Province.
As the teachers in the classroom gradually deepened their explanations and analysis of communist thought, Guo Rujie gradually became impressed by the prescient theories of Marx and Engels. He gradually realized that the root cause of China's poverty and backwardness came from the continuous oppression and exploitation of imperialism and the pedantry of the feudal system at that time, and socialism was the last antidote to the crippled China.
Since then, Guo Rujie has increasingly admired and respected the Communist Party, and he has always longed for him to join the Communist Party and personally remove these dross that hinder China's development. When he learned that his friend Yuan Jingming was a Communist Party member, he was ecstatic and repeatedly pleaded with Yuan Jingming to introduce him to the Communist Party of China.
Army Officer School
Although Yuan Jingming understood Guo Rugui's feelings, considering that Guo Rugui's cousin held an important position in the Kuomintang party, out of caution, he told Guo Rugui: "The Communist Party of China welcomes all talented young people with ambitions and abilities to join, but at the same time, it must pass the test of the organization."
On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek, in defiance of the opposition of the Left Wing of the Kuomintang, betrayed the policy of Dr. Sun Yat-sen and launched the April 12 Coup in Shanghai, in the name of rectifying the social atmosphere, he wantonly slaughtered innocent Communists. In Shanghai, under the white terror of this slaughter, everyone began to be silenced, no longer talking about state affairs and politics.
Even in such a harsh environment, Guo Rugui once again stood up from the silent masses, pulled up banners in the streets, and gave speeches to publicize Dr. Sun Yat-sen's policy of "uniting with Russia, uniting with the Communist Party, and supporting peasants and workers" and denouncing Chiang Kai-shek's obstinate and ugly behavior of betraying the revolution. Guo's various actions made him a highly influential local politician, and also won the trust of the Communist Party and joined the Communist Party of China as he wished.
In 1930, in order to further strengthen the control of the Kuomintang army, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the commanders of each unit to sweep up the Communists in the team. Guo Rudong, who was the commander of the 20th Army at the time, took the initiative to eliminate all the Communists in the team in order to please Chiang Kai-shek, but when it came to his cousin Guo Rujie, Guo Rudong was in trouble. After careful consideration, he decided to send Guo Rujie to Japan to study, one is to avoid the waves, and the other is to learn skills.
Guo Rujie, who set foot in a foreign country, felt more anxiety than excitement in his heart. Under chiang kai-shek's constant suppression, he lost contact with Wu Yuzhang, a liaison officer within the party, and the situation in society was elusive. But soon, he adjusted his mentality, concentrated on his studies, and after half a year of language study in the preparatory class, he was admitted to the Japanese non-commissioned officer school with excellent results.
The Japanese invaded China
Life in Japan was not smooth, and Guo Rugui was discriminated against everywhere in Japan because of his status as a Chinese, and whenever the course was to tell some advanced weapons and equipment use methods and core military techniques, Japanese instructors would always do everything they could to expel chinese students from the classroom. After class, these Japanese students would gather in groups and quietly say bad things about these Chinese students and insult them unscrupulously.
These racist remarks were like a sharp sword, stabbing Guo Rujie's self-esteem and patriotism. He decided to study hard, be proactive, and use his excellent grades to block the gossip of these Japanese people. In 1931, Japan launched the September 18 Incident, shelling the camps of the northeast Chinese garrison and occupying the three eastern provinces. After hearing this news, Guo Rugui could no longer sit still, and he instigated emotions in the school and encouraged Chinese students to withdraw from school and return to China to participate in the War of Resistance.
Temporary
After returning to China, Guo Rujie entered the Chinese Army University under the introduction of domestic people, and he attracted the attention of Yang Jie with his unique insight into military theory. Yang Jie was very appreciative of this insightful and sharp young man, and tried to let him stay in the school as a history instructor.
While Japan's iron hooves wantonly trampled on the land of China, Chiang Kai-shek was still intoxicated with civil war, focused on attacking the Communists, and blindly adopted a policy of appeasement against the Japanese invaders. On December 12, 1936, the patriotic generals of the Kuomintang, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, could not bear Chiang Kai-shek's inaction and launched a mutiny in Xi'an to force Chiang Kai-shek to unite the front and jointly resist Japan.
Guo Rujie, who had the ambition to serve the country, relied on the relationship of his old classmates and entered Chen Cheng's army as the post of chief of staff, and participated in the war head-on. In the Battle of Songhu, Guo Rujie, as acting brigade commander, led his soldiers in a deadly battle with the Japanese Kou in Shanghai.
Japanese planes continued to bombard the Nationalist soldiers, and the sky became cloudy with a layer of floating dust. In the face of the strong attack of the Japanese Kou, Guo Ruzhi was not afraid, walked out of the bunker with weapons in hand, and commanded the fighters to fight.
The battle lasted for three months, with more than 300,000 Nationalist soldiers killed, 8,000 soldiers of the Forty-second Brigade commanded by Guo Rugui, and only 2,000 remained. The battle shattered Japan's arrogant plan to "destroy China in three months" and inspired the patriotic enthusiasm of the people all over the country, and the young brigade commander Guo Rujie, who was not favored by his peers, also became famous in the war.
After the defeat in the defense of Nanjing, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Chen Cheng to retreat to Wuhan and build extensive fortifications in the three towns of Wuhan. Guo Rugui frowned as he listened to Jiang Gong's deployment, and he could no longer sit still after hearing the proposal to hold Wuhan. He stood up at the meeting and rebuked the German advisers who had proposed this ridiculous plan to the face, and pointed out that it would be better to withdraw from the city, use peripheral warfare, and use the natural barrier of Dabie Mountain to engage in guerrilla warfare with the Japanese and Koso, so as to minimize the casualties of the troops.
At Guo Rugui's repeated insistence, Chen Cheng adopted his advice and engaged in a round-robin battle with the Japanese Kou instead of confronting him head-on. Sure enough, everything was as Guo Rujie expected, and the Kuomintang military won the war with very few losses. Since then, Chen Cheng has appreciated Guo Rugui more and more, and has successively promoted him to chief of staff of the 20th Group Army and commander of the New Fifth Division.
The New Fifth Division was a team of local armed and naturalized bandits, with a loose military spirit and each with its own plans. As soon as Guo Rugui took office, he seriously straightened out the style of military discipline and implemented strict management. With the unremitting efforts of Guo Rujie, this once unused miscellaneous army became a backbone of the National Revolutionary Army. Guo Rugui led this army in the Battle of Changsha and the Battle of Western Hubei, reversing the disadvantage in one fell swoop and defeating the elite Japanese troops one after another.
In order to commend Guo Rugui's outstanding contributions in the War of Resistance Against Japan, a patriotic entrepreneur in China specially gave Guo Rugui 5,000 silver dollars. Guo Rujie, who had long regarded fighting for the country as a military duty, was overwhelmed by this heavy five thousand silver dollars.
Ren Lianru
After much deliberation, he gave all the fifty million silver dollars to his soldiers, but he did not take anything. Among the corrupt Kuomintang officers, Guo Rujie, who is poor and self-guarding, seems to be out of place with them. The incident reached song meiling, who praised him as a "general with no ambition and no selfish heart."
As a result, Guo Rujie entered Chiang Kai-shek's vision and was deeply loved by Chiang Kai-shek. Guo Rugui was sent by Chiang Kai-shek to the "Central Training Regiment" to serve as a deputy captain, and it should be known that this team was headed by Chiang Kai-shek himself.
However, Guo Rugui, who was a close confidant of Chiang Kai-shek at the top of the Kuomintang, never forgot that he was a Communist Party member, and he had been secretly collecting information about the Communist Party. It was not until 1945 that he went to Chongqing on official business, where he saw his old classmate Ren Diyou, whom he had not seen for many years, and what surprised him even more was that he got Dong Biwu's contact information through Ren Diyou's cousin.
Dong Biwu
Guo Rugui, who had returned to the Communist Party organization, was very excited, and he expressed his wish to Dong Biwu and volunteered to go to Yan'an to engage in a series of communist work. Dong Biwu considered that Guo Ruzhi held an important position in the Kuomintang, and once he left, it was bound to trigger a chain reaction, and it was difficult to estimate the consequences. And let Guo Ruzhi continue to stay in the KMT, and continue to spy on the latest movements of the KMT.
After listening to Elder Dong's speech, Guo Rugui finally gave up the idea of going to Yan'an and concentrated on lurking within the Kuomintang and spying on intelligence for the Communists. After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chiang Kai-shek unilaterally tore up the Double Tenth Agreement, despite the persuasion of others to launch another civil war and suppress the Communist Party.
Chiang Kai-shek appointed Chen Cheng as chief of staff and controlled the actual power of the army. Guo Rugui worked with Chen Cheng for many years and won Chen Cheng's trust, and after Chen Cheng held an important position, he repeatedly promoted Guo Rugui and promoted him all the way to the position of lieutenant general of the Third Department of the Ministry of National Defense, in charge of combat.
Platon soldier
Guo Rugui, who held a core position, had first-hand information on the Kuomintang's battle plans and had the right to attend the most senior meetings within the Kuomintang. At the risk of his life, he summed up the combat style and strategic characteristics of the various Generals of the Kuomintang, and wrote down them one by one and sent them to Comrade Ren Lianru, who was responsible for the handover. The People's Liberation Army, which had obtained these secret Kuomintang documents, fought like a tiger, annihilating the Seventy-fourth Division and the New Sixth Army, and killing senior Kuomintang generals Zhang Lingfu, Li Tao, Liao Yaoxiang, and others.
Guo Rujie's identity as a spy was soon perceived by Du Yuming, who, when visiting Guo Rujie, found that his home was simply decorated and the furniture was shabby, which was incompatible with the extravagant life of these senior Kuomintang generals, but like those hard and simple Communists. The careful Du Yuming found through comparison that several major mistakes of the KmT in recent times were all formulated by Guo Rujie.
Wang Baozhen
Du Yuming reported to Chiang Kai-shek the clues he had captured, but Chiang Kai-shek, who trusted Guo Ruzhi so much, immediately lashed out at Du Yuming and rebuked him: "Do the grand Kuomintang officers have to be corrupt and corrupt?" Doesn't the KMT deserve to have a clean and honest official? Du Yuming was scolded by Chiang Kai-shek and was dumbfounded, and did not dare to argue more.
When the three major battles came to an end, Guo Ruzhi once again made a request to return to the organization to serve the people. Again, the organization refused his request, hoping that he would lead the troops to revolt and defeat Chiang Kai-shek's plot of "Metropolis War". Although Guo Rugui was disappointed, he knew that military orders were missions. He pretended to ask Chiang Kai-shek to lead his troops to the southwest to fight against the Red Army. Chiang Kai-shek, who planned to flee to Taiwan, was unaware of Guo Rugui's small calculations and carefully selected elite troops to hand over to Guo Rugui.
Du Yuming was captured
In this way, Guo Rugui formed the Seventy-second Army with the support of Chiang Kai-shek, and this young army quickly grew into an ace unit in the southwest region. In December 1949, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping led the Second Field Army to launch a major offensive on the Chengdu Plain. Guo Rujue realized that the time was ripe and took advantage of the situation to revolt, completely disrupting Chiang Kai-shek's counterattack plan.
After the founding of New China, Guo Rugui, a general who made great contributions in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, was organized and arranged to be appointed director of the Transportation Department of the Sichuan Southern Travel Bureau. Later, at the invitation of the Central Military Commission, he went to the Nanjing Military Academy to serve as a teacher to cultivate militarized talents for New China.
In his later years, Guo Rujie
The high-ranking official Houlu has not blinded his heart to pursue the truth and yearn for peace. In the Kuomintang barracks, he never forgot his responsibility as a Communist. From fighting against the Japanese on the battlefield to delivering messages in the barracks, Guo Rugui used his actions to explain to us what it means to be a dignified CCP member.
As contemporary young people, we should learn from Mr. Guo Rugui, straighten the backbone of the country, be an upright Chinese, and resolutely put an end to anything that harms the dignity of the country. We must link our personal ideals and pursuits with the development of the country and make unremitting efforts to build a beautiful new China.