Han should be a word that Chinese feel very kind to, because whether it is the Han nationality, the main ethnic group of the Chinese nation, or the Han Dynasty, which "those who offend our strong Han, although they are far away, they will be punished", they are all proud of people. At the same time, this "Han" character has also been used as a national name by many dynasties in history, which should be the most frequent character in Chinese history as a dynastic state name.
1. The Western Han Dynasty
The Western Han Dynasty was the first unified dynasty in Chinese history to use "Han" as its national name. In the last year of the Qin Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and the masses rose up, and after the Battle of Qin and the Battle of Chu and Han, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu and in 202 BC, he was proclaimed emperor in Dingtao, Shandong, with the capital Chang'an, historically known as Xi'an, also known as the Former Han. In the last year of the Western Han Dynasty, the imperial power fell, the power of foreign relatives and eunuchs rose, and began to decline, and in 8 AD, the foreign relative Wang Mang abolished the position of prince of the widow and established a new dynasty, and the Western Han Dynasty fell. From 202 BC to 8 AD, the Western Han Dynasty served a total of 12 emperors and enjoyed 210 years of the country.
Western han dynasty
2. Eastern Han Dynasty
In the last year of the New Dynasty, the Green Forest and Chimei Rebellion broke out, and Liu Xiu, the western Han Dynasty, took advantage of the situation. In 25 AD, Liu Xiu declared himself Emperor yu of Yancheng, and later set the capital at Luoyang, continuing the name of the country "Han", because Luoyang was east of Chang'an, and was historically known as the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the middle and late Period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the empress dowager called the system, foreign relatives interfered in the government, and the young princes mostly relied on eunuchs to pro-government, known in history as the dispute between relatives and eunuchs, the government became increasingly corrupt, the people were overwhelmed by multiple cruel oppressions, and the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out in 184 AD. In the first year of Chuping (190 AD), Dong Zhuo held Emperor Xian hostage and moved the capital to Chang'an, and since then the power of the imperial court has fallen, opening the prelude to the warlord melee at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. After Dong Zhuo was killed, in the first year of Jian'an (196), Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Xian of Han and moved the capital to Xuchang. In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, and the Eastern Han Dynasty collapsed, entering the period of the Division of the Three Kingdoms.
The Eastern Han Dynasty was another unified Central Plains Dynasty in Chinese history after the Western Han Dynasty, with a total of fourteen emperors in the eighth dynasty, enjoying 195 years of the country, and the Western Han Dynasty was collectively known as the Two Han Dynasties.
Eastern han dynasty
3. Shu Han
Divided regime, one of the three kingdoms. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when the world was in chaos and the masses rose up, Liu Bei traveled around in the melee, recovered all parts of Jingzhou after the Battle of Chibi, and then advanced into Xichuan and captured Hanzhong. In 221 AD, Liu Bei was proclaimed emperor in Chengdu, with the name of han and the historical title of "Shu Han". In 263, Shu Han was destroyed by Wei. There were two emperors and forty-three years of state rule.
Shu Han
4. Han Zhao
One of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, dividing the regime. In the last year of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Rebellion of the Eight Kings broke out, and in 304 AD, the Xiongnu nobleman Liu Yuan (a descendant of the Southern Xiongnu Shan Yu, who considered himself to be a nephew of the Han Dynasty and took Liu as his surname), took the name of Fu Han and changed his name to Yuan Yuanxi (元元熙) and the state name Han (汉). In October 308, Liu Yuan officially declared himself emperor and changed his name to Yuan Yongfeng. In 309, the capital was moved to Pingyang. He died of illness in 310. The eldest son, Liu He, ascended the throne and was usurped by his brother-in-law Liu Cong. In 313, Liu Cong captured Luoyang and captured Emperor Huai of Jin. In 316, the remnants of the Western Jin Dynasty in Chang'an were destroyed.
In July 318, Liu Cong fell ill and died, the crown prince Liu Cang jili, and in August Jin Zhun launched a coup d'état in Pingyang to kill Liu Cang. Liu Yao, the King of Zhongshan, who was guarding Chang'an, sent troops to attack Jin Zhun. In October, Liu Yao led his army to Chibi and ascended the throne as emperor, changing his name to Yuan Guangchu and changing the name of the country to Zhao the following year. Therefore, it is also known as Han Zhao. After 329 CE, Zhao Shihu conquered Shangyi, killed Liu Xi and Wenwu Hundred Officials, and the Han Zhao regime collapsed. The Han Zhao regime passed on to the third and sixth emperors, and enjoyed 25 years of the country.
Han Zhao (Former Zhao)
Fifth, become a Han
One of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, Shu land divided the regime. In the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, natural and man-made disasters were rampant, and Li Te, the leader of the Baqi tribe in Shu County, Yizhou, led the refugees to rebel against the Jin. In 304, Li Xiong attacked Chengdu, and in October he proclaimed himself king of Chengdu, and in 306 he was proclaimed emperor, with the name Cheng, and the history was called Chenghan. In 338 AD, Emperor Zhaowen Changed the name of the country to Han, so the history books also called it "Chenghan". In 347, the Eastern Jin general Huan Wen led an army to attack Chenghan, and the Chenghan emperor Li Shi surrendered, and Chenghan perished. Cheng Han passed on a total of three emperors and six emperors, and the state was 43 years old.
ChengHan
6. Hou Han
One of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Liu Zhiyuan was founded in 947 AD. After the fall of the Later Tang Dynasty, Shi Jingyao established the Later Jin Dynasty and appointed Liu Zhiyuan as the envoy of Hedong Jiedu. In the fourth year of the Later Jin Dynasty (947), after the fall of the Khitan Dynasty, the Jin Occupied the Central Plains, but because the Khitan soldiers burned and plundered in the Central Plains, they lost the hearts of the people and had to retreat north. In February of that year, Liu Zhiyuan seized the opportunity to proclaim himself emperor in Taiyuan, still using the title of Jin Gaozu Shi Jingyao, calling it Tianfu Twelve Years. In June of that year, the name of the country was changed to Han, and the history was called Later Han. Later, it conquered and set its capital at Bei Prefecture (汴州, in modern Kaifeng, Henan). In the third year of Qianyou (950), li shouzhen and other feudal towns rebelled, and The Han Yin Emperor Liu Chengyou ordered Guo Wei to conquest, but the Han Yin Emperor was jealous of Guo Wei and wanted to kill him, Guo Wei had no choice but to rebel, and the Han Yin Emperor was killed by the defeated army, and the Later Han perished. After the Han Dynasty, two generations and two emperors, a total of 3 years.
Hou Han
7. Southern Han Dynasty
One of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. It is located in the three provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Dating back to the second year of Tang Tianyou, Liu Yin officially served as the envoy of the Qinghai Festival, and the Liu regime lasted for five years and existed for 67 years. It was the second local separatist regime established in the history of Lingnan after the State of South Vietnam.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Qian served as the assassin of Fengzhou (present-day Fengkai County, Guangdong Province), with more than 10,000 troops and more than 100 warships. After Liu Qian's death, Liu Yin inherited his father's office, gradually unified Lingnan, and took the throne of Qinghai Jiedushi. Later, he was enfeoffed as the King of the South Seas. Liu Yin recruited the soldiers who fled south in the Central Plains and stayed in the shogunate. And the new, Yong Erzhou, Pingjiang East more than 70 villages, and chiseled Yu Mountain to expand the city of Guangzhou, named New City, the city built a double que. He became a strong clan in Lingnan. After Liu Yin's death, his brother Liu Qi attacked Feng. Relying on his father's brother's inheritance in Lingnan, Liu Qi proclaimed himself emperor in Panyu (present-day Guangzhou, Guangdong) in the third year of Later Liang Zhenming (917), and changed Guangzhou to Xingwangfu, with the state name Ofe. In November of the following year, the name of the country was changed to Han, and the history was called southern Han. In 971, it was destroyed by Zhao Kuangyin of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Fourth Emperor of the Southern Han Dynasty, the Fifty-fifth Year of the State Of Command.
Southern Han
VIII. The Northern Han Dynasty
It is one of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and the last of the Ten Kingdoms. The capital city of Jinyang (present-day Taiyuan, Shanxi). The territory consisted of twelve prefectures, roughly in the central and northern parts of present-day Shanxi Province.
In the third year of Qianyou (950), Emperor Yin of the Later Han Dynasty (Liu Chengyou) was suspicious of the general Guo Wei, and went so far as to wipe out Guo Wei's family who had left guo Wei in Kaifeng, and sent someone to assassinate Guo Wei, who was a close confidant of Guo Wei, and revealed the whole story to Guo Wei, who had no political ambitions or ideological preparations, and guo Wei, who had no political ambitions and ideological preparations, was forced to rebel and raised an army in Yidu (present-day Daming, Hebei).
On November 21 (951), the Hidden Emperor was killed. Guo Wei declared emperor After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty. The younger brother of Liu Zhiyuan of the Later Han Dynasty, Liu Chong, the emissary of Hedong Jiedu and the Taiyuan Yin Liu Chong, was also called emperor according to the Twelve Prefectures of Hedong, and still used the Qianyou era name of the Later Han Dynasty, which was called northern Han in history. The Northern Han Dynasty was the only regime in the North in the Ten Kingdoms.
In the fourth year of the Taiping Revival of the Northern Song Dynasty (979), Zhao Guangyi, emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, led an army to personally conquer the Northern Han Dynasty. The Song army first crushed the Liao army supporting the Northern Han Dynasty, and then attacked Taiyuan, and the Northern Han Emperor Liu Jiyuan was forced to surrender, and the Northern Han Dynasty was destroyed. The Four Emperors of the Northern Han Dynasty, a total of 28 years.
Northern Han Dynasty