The famous gate of Jinghai that gave the Kangxi Emperor a "lesson"

Today's Lecturers:

Stepping onto the "forum of asking questions" today is Wang Jingmo, editor-in-chief of the "Jinghai Yearbook," a specially invited member of the Jinghai County CPPCC Committee, and vice chairman of the Jinghai County Federation of Literature and Literature. This native of Jinghai has an in-depth study of the people and events in his hometown, and he has edited or edited and published more than 20 books on Jinghai, totaling more than 12 million words. With his years of exploration of the history and culture of Jinghai, with a good story, he tells everyone the legendary experience of the famous Family of Jinghai.

This month, the fourth phase of the "Qingjin Forum" jointly sponsored by The Daily News and Qingjin College was launched. In the previous issues, through "Tianjin people talk about Tianjin affairs", more and more readers are attracted by our pulpit stories, those who embody the people's customs of Tianjin and carry the history of Tianjin, so that Tianjin people have a greater sense of pride. Today, we will pay attention to a large family in Jinghai. Hear stories of real "emperors and favored subjects" from history.

■ From selling words on the street to "giving lessons" to the emperor

When talking about the "Kang Yongqian" Three Dynasties of the Qing Dynasty, people will think of many stories. Through the TV series, people learned that these emperors have both talent and love talent, and a large number of famous courtiers accompany the emperor every day to talk about the past and the present, give advice, wind and snow, and even micro-service private visits. So, what kind of life do the university scholars who "work" around the emperor live? What ability do they have to make the emperor appreciate?

Four generations of the Li family served at the emperor's side, some people were highly valued, and some people "invited disasters and caused trouble". The Li family's ancestral home is Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and his original surname is Li. Ben was also a noble family, but later the family road declined. There was a man in this family named Li Ne, who had been reciting Confucian classics since childhood, and calligraphy became famous at the age of 10. At the age of 15, his parents died of illness one after another, and in order to make a living, Li Ne lived on the streets of Beijing, selling words for a living. At that time, Du Yizhong, a Jinghai man who was idle in the capital, met Li Ne and took him to Wulizhuang in Jinghai County to pass on to his brother as a righteous son. After that, Li Ne changed his surname to Du, named Dune, and since then joined the Jinghai nationality.

In the second year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1663), in order to compile the "Records of the Ancestors", in the whole country to select talents who were good at calligraphy, Dune ranked first and was selected into the "talent pool", and his words were deeply appreciated by Kangxi and repeatedly rewarded. The Kangxi Emperor deliberately asked the cabinet to leave Dune in the South Study Room (the South Study Room was created by Kangxi and dedicated to the emperor's study), to teach for Kangxi, and was one of the first two attendants to enter the South Study Room (the other was the famous scholar Zhang Ying). Kangxi greatly appreciated his learning, conduct, and work. In the twenty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1682), Dune jingquan asked for permission to restore the surname of Li, and the Kangxi Emperor also gave a "Li" character attached to the right side of "Li" to form the surname of "Li", with the name Li Dune. This is the beginning of the surname Li. Li Dune's career climbed all the way, and even achieved high-ranking officials such as the left deputy capital Yushi and the right attendant of the Punishment Department. In the first half of his life, Li Dune taught for Kangxi for 30 years, which was highly praised by Kangxi; he also put forward many good suggestions in participating in politics, such as examining the achievements of various governors, inspecting the martial arts of generals, and strengthening military armament. At that time, the evaluation of his colleagues was: "Usually like a spring breeze, it is too peaceful, and the law enforcement is upright." ”

Throughout his life, Li Duna was a cautious man and a diligent politician. Two years after his death, the Kangxi Emperor deliberately stationed himself in Jinghai during his southern tour, and asked the internal servants to go to the tomb of Li Duna and set up incense, tea, and wine for him in the name of the emperor, which shows the importance he attaches to this sage.

■ A personal think tank that accompanies the emperor on "private visits"

After talking about Li Dune, let's talk about his only son, Li Yanyi. He was a 23-year-old middle-aged soldier, 25-year-old duty in the South Study, and 27-year-old as the editor of The Hanlin Academy, which shows that this is also a young and promising "knowledge-based talent". When he was less than 30 years old, he served as the Right Middle Wing, an important position in charge of the etiquette of the attendants, reviewing the prince's recital documents to the emperor, and supervising the use of medicines. At the age of 30, he was promoted to Cabinet Bachelor, Academy Master, and Ceremonial Attendant. During this period, the Kangxi Emperor toured the south or inspected Saiwai, and Li Yanyi accompanied him many times. In reality, the emperor cannot visit privately as "freely" as in the TV series, and the characters who can go out with him must be quite important think tanks. After the death of the Kangxi Emperor, Li Yanyi was still reused by Yongzheng and served as the chief examiner in the final examination of the imperial examination. Li Yanyi made a lot of achievements to the imperial court. He entered the South Study And lectured for Kangxi and Yongzheng for more than 20 years. The Kangxi Emperor once wrote him a royal letter "Ai'er Du Nengqing"; the Yongzheng Emperor also wrote him a royal letter "Prudent and Peaceful Forgiveness". When he was serving as Shangshu of the Punishment Department, in order to prevent local officials from embezzling grain money, he urged the imperial court to strengthen the inventory of warehouses in various places. At the end of each year, he would "report" the situation to the emperor in great detail. In terms of strengthening social order and reforming prisons, he has set down a system. In addition, he also had suggestions such as banning gambling, prohibiting the export of iron, ordering local officials to catch locusts in time and preventing the spread of locusts, and paying attention to the lives of the people.

■ The glory of the father's generation is difficult to resist the loneliness of the younger generation

There is a Chinese saying that "the rich are not more than three generations", but in the Li family, after three generations, they are still high-ranking officials, but the defeat is beginning to appear. The downhill road of the Li family began with Li Zongwan, the eldest son of Li Yanyi. Li Zongwan is also a talented son, a 16-year-old man, who has been in the South Study, and has been a considerable official, but compared to his father, he is not so cautious in his words and deeds. During his tenure, he was impeached by Shi Lin, the governor of Shanxi, for interfering with the delivery of the post and conniving at the bribery of servants, and was deposed. Ten years later, he was used again, and then he was impeached and removed for improperly defending the river officials. Later, he was used again, and he was again stripped of his official position for conniving at the affairs of his disciples, at that time, it was already the Qianlong Emperor in the dynasty, and Qianlong issued an edict and ordered him to study in his hometown. When Li Zongwan was an official, he had many mistakes in his achievements and was dismissed several times. However, it is worth mentioning that he has done some good things for his hometown. During the Qianlong period, a general soldier surnamed Yang led a group of Qing troops to snatch grain and beat up ordinary people in the Jinghai market. After Jinghai County lingWang Damei heard about it, he did not dare to ask questions. After the matter was known to Li Zongwan, who was idle at home, he wrote a sonata and forwarded it to the emperor by the university scholar Ji Xiaolan. The general meaning of the song chapter is: Jinghai has been flooded for many years, and the people are not happy, but Yang Zongbing has led the Qing army to act recklessly in Jinghai, please ask the saint to look into it. After the Qianlong Emperor finished reading the recital, he ordered Inspector Ji Xiaolan to handle the case and allocated 200,000 taels of silver and 2 million stones of grain to help the poor people in Jinghai County.

Although Li Zongwan sometimes made mistakes, his talent was still impressive. Legend has it that once the Qianlong Emperor selected people who had written well, he asked everyone to stand in a dustpan suspended in the air with a rope and write the four big characters of "Unity of Purpose" on a huge plaque. Many ministers were unsteady because of the dustpans dangling in the air, and their writing was out of shape. However, Li Zongwan calmly and freely waved freely, and when he wrote the last point of the word "city", his body felt tired and overdrawn, and his hands began to tremble. At this critical juncture, he was in a hurry, and he did his best to kick his wrist with his foot and write the "point" accurately. This foot, like the finishing touch, writes the "point" of the word "city" just right. The Qianlong Emperor was very satisfied when he saw it, and said, "Your last foot is worth a Hanlin." ”

The fourth generation of the Li family is Li Shouqian, the eldest son of Li Zongwan. He also served as a high-ranking official, but because his father had been deposed several times, he did not have any special political achievements, so he left Beijing in his later years and settled in Suzhou.

■ Article heirloom poetry book has its own style

The Li family has been an official for four generations, and has had glory and decline. In addition to the achievements of the officials, the contribution of the Li family in history, culture and art is also very large. In Jinghai, if you talk about the article family, the most important one should be the Li family. Li Dune was a close literary vassal of the Kangxi Emperor. He worked with Zhang Ying to assist the Kangxi Emperor in compiling historical commentaries such as the Compendium of Imperial Approvals and the Imperial Approval of Ancient Texts, which were promulgated in the name of the emperor. In addition, he himself wrote several poems. Li Dune's son, Li Yanyi, participated in the editing of a large number of books of great value. Among them, during the Kangxi Dynasty, he participated in the compilation of a total of 440 volumes of "Peiwen Yunfu" and 106 volumes of "Yunfu Collection". He participated in the compilation of the Kangxi Dictionary in 12 episodes and 42 volumes, and 112 volumes, at that time, there were 27 officials, and he ranked ninth; Li Yanyi's son, Li Zongwan, participated in the editing of the Essence of The History of The Son, ranking eighth among 10 compilers; and also participated in the compilation of the "Secret Hall Zhulin" and the examination of the temple edition of the Book of Han. He wrote many of his own works, and Li Shouqian, the eldest son of Li Zongwan, participated in the compilation of the "Four Libraries Of Complete Books", ranking fourth among the 39 branch officials who proofread the Yongle Canon. Moreover, the four generations of the Li family also have high achievements in calligraphy and painting. The Li family has made many contributions to culture, such a family is still rare in the Qing Dynasty, and their cultural cultivation also represents the characteristics of Tianjin's spirit and people.

Xinbao reporter Ren Yue and Li Haiyan