Excerpt from the Internet;
Yuan Shikai, the first official president of the Republic of China.
Some of the descendants of Yuan Shikai that the author visited have this portrait in their homes, which should be their grandfather or great-grandfather. (Provided by Yuan Hongzhe, great-grandson of Yuan Shikai)
The other side of Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai is a famous politician and military strategist in modern Chinese history, and the spiritual leader of the Beiyang warlords. Some people say that he is a "one-man thief" and a "thief who steals the country", while others believe that he has contributed to China's modernization and is a real reformer who "rebuilt the republic."
Yuan Shikai (1859-1916), the owner of the word Weiting, Rong'an, and Xixin Pavilion, Han nationality, a native of Xiangcheng, Zhoukou, Henan, is known as "Yuan Xiangcheng".
Yuan Shikai started his career in Korea in his early years, and after returning to China, he trained the new army at the Tianjin station. During the New Deal period at the end of the Qing Dynasty, he actively promoted modernization reforms. During the Xinhai Revolution, Emperor Puyi of the Qing Dynasty was forced to abdicate, overthrew the Qing Dynasty in a peaceful way, and became the provisional president of the Republic of China. In 1913, he suppressed the Second Revolution, was elected as the first president of the Republic of China in the same year, and in December 1915, he announced that he would proclaim himself emperor, change the name of the country to the Chinese Empire, and establish the Yuan Hongxian, known as the "Hongxian Empire" in history. On June 6, 1916, he died of uremia and was buried in Anyang, Henan.
No matter how history says, in China's 100-year history, Yuan Shikai still made many firsts:
In 1895, the small station trained troops and began to create the first new army in China;
In 1905, he played with Zhang Zhidong and proposed for the first time to abolish the imperial examination system and hold a new-style school;
In 1905, the first patrol police department was established in Tianjin;
In 1912, for the first time, the feudal imperial power of more than 2,000 years was ended peacefully to avoid the escalation of the civil war;
In 1913, the National Assembly election was carried out for the first time and the National Assembly system was established.
In 1913, he became the first official president elected by Congress.
Yuan Shikai also established the first bank of the Chinese, supervised the construction of the first railroad, the first water company, the first power plant, the first telephone and telegraph company, the first tram and electric light company, the first tobacco company, the first ring road, and so on.
Yuan Shikai's mother is filial. Yuan Shikai's second son, Yuan Kewen, once described: "When the grandmother Mrs. Liu is in the day, every morning, the first public candle goes to the court, and she sits outside the bed. In the afternoon, he returned to serve his grandmother and returned after eating. On the eve of the end of the political affairs, he entered again, or talked about family affairs, or recounted new words, and the grandmother was happy to take care of it; the ancestor even adjusted the spoon and vegetables to advance, and bowed down to the curtain, tried to measure the temperature and cold, and would serve the grandmother to go to bed, and then retreat to his own room. All year round like a day, untasted or intermittent. ”
Yuan Keqi, the seventh son of Yuan Shikai, said: "My father is not good at antiques, he often says: what is rare about antiques, and the things I will use in the future are antiques." ”
Yuan Shikai has a wife, nine concubines and 32 children
Yuan Shikai had a total of 32 children in his life, including 17 sons and 15 daughters. The eldest son, Yuan Keding, was born in December 1878, when Yuan Shikai was only 19 years old, and the youngest son, Yuan Keyou, was born in 1917 after Yuan Shikai's death, a span of 38 years.
In the second year of Guangxu (1876), Yuan Shikai, who was 17 years old at that time, completed two major events in his life: he participated in the township examination in his hometown of Henan in the autumn and became famous in Sun Shan; at the end of the year, he got married in his hometown Henan. Later, he successively accepted 9 Mrs. Ru and gave birth to 32 children.
1, his wife Yu, a native of Shenqiu County, Henan, is the third daughter of Yu Guanyi, a squire in Huaiyang. Yu Guanyi's father is a "Lan Ling candidate for the capital", the richest man in Huaiyang, and the Yuan family is also prominent in Xiangcheng, which is a marriage that is the right one. Yuan married at the end of 1876, Yu was one year older than Yuan Shikai, and two years later had an eldest son, Yuan Keding.
2. Mrs. Shen, a native of Chongming County, Jiangsu, is young and sluggish. In 1881, he met Yuan Shikai in Shanghai Qinglou, Shen promised each other, Yuan Shikai was also happy, and the two had a close relationship, but Shen advised Yuan Shikai to chase fame and fund entanglement. After Yuan Shikai made his career, Shen appeared as the eldest wife. Shen did not come out of his life, and later succeeded Yuan Kewen as his son.
3. The second aunt Taibai, a Korean, married the sister of the Korean princess, Mrs. Jin, when Yuan Shikai was the commercial representative in North Korea in 1885, and the Bai family was the dowry girl of the Kim family. Bai gave birth to four sons and two daughters: the eldest daughter Bozhen, the fifth son Kequan, the seventh son Keqi, the tenth son Kejian, the twelfth son Kedu and the sixth daughter Zhenzhen.
4, the third aunt Taijin, a Korean, was born in a prestigious family, and was noble in the world. I thought I would marry Yuan Shikai to be the "main room", but I didn't expect to be Mrs. Ru with my girl. Jin gave birth to two sons and three daughters: the second son Kewen, the third son Keliang, the third daughter Shuzhen, the eighth daughter Huanzhen (died early), and the tenth daughter Congzhen. The second son, Kewen, passed on to the eldest lady Shen. The third daughter, Shuzhen (Yuan Jingxue), later believed that her mother had been under the weight of mental distress for a long time, so she became a person with a strange personality.
5, the fourth aunt Taiji, a North Korean, is also the dowry girl of the Kim family. When Yuan Shikai was the governor of Zhili, he suffered from "confinement disease" and died. The fourth lady, Ji, gave birth to a son and three daughters: the fourth son Keduan, the second daughter Zhongzhen, the fourth daughter Cizhen (died early), and the seventh daughter Qizhen.
6. The fifth aunt Taiyang, a native of Yixingbu, Tianjin, has followed her father to do business since she was a child, not only ingenious, but also won the favor of Yuan Shikai because of her knowledge and management skills. She not only takes care of Yuan Shikai's daily life, but also manages and housekeeps for Yuan Shikai. Yang had four sons and two daughters: the sixth son Kehuan, the eighth son Kezhen, the ninth son Kejiu, the eleventh son Ke'an, the fifth daughter Ji Zhen, and the fifteenth daughter Lingzhen. This branch is the 100th anniversary of the Yuan family that this book is going to unfold.
7, the sixth aunt Taiye, Jiangsu Dantu. Yuan Kewen described Ye in "Xin Bing's Secret Garden": "Graceful and bright, soft and rich." Seventeen years later, the ancestor loved to pet him very much. "Ye had two sons and three daughters: the fourteenth son Kejie, the seventeenth son Keyou, the ninth daughter Jiuzhen, the eleventh daughter Xuanzhen, and the twelfth daughter Jizhen.
8, the seventh aunt Tai Shao, a native of Weixian County, Shandong (now Weifang City), lost her father at an early age. Shaw had no children and died early of illness.
9, the eighth aunt Tai Guo, a native of Gui'an County, Zhejiang (now Huzhou), once entered the dust in Tianjin. Because her mother wanted to "die" for her, she was described by Yuan Kewen as a martyr, and the eldest lady Shen sent someone to bring money to "redeem her mother". Guo had two sons and one daughter: the thirteenth son Kexiang, the fifteenth son Kehe, and the fourteenth daughter Xunzhen.
10, the ninth aunt Liu, a native of Tianjin, was originally the personal maid of the fifth aunt. Liu's belief in Buddhism is a vegetarian, and Yuan Shikai built her a house with a three-entry courtyard and a nine-door photo layout in Anyang. Liu gave birth to a son and a daughter: the sixteenth son, Kefan, who died young, and the thirteenth daughter, Hunzhen.
Yuan Shikai has the skills to control the family. According to the family rules of the Yuan family: the wife is the housewife, the concubine has no right to participate, the wife can manage the concubine, and the concubine treats the wife like an elder. In Yuan Shikai's big family, the Yuan match Yu family is already a fictitious position, in fact, the eldest aunt Tai Shen and the fifth aunt Tai Yang participate in the management of the family.
Yuan Shikai's children's marriage status:
The eldest son, Yuan Keding, married Wu Benxian, the daughter of Wu Daxi, the governor of Hunan; the second son, Kewen, married Liu Meizhen, the daughter of Liu Shangwen, a salt merchant from Guichi, Anhui; the third son, Keliang, married the daughter of Zhang Baixi, the secretary of the Ministry of Posts and Communications; the fourth son, Keduan, married the daughter of He Bingying, a salt merchant in Tianjin; the fifth son, Kequan, married the daughter of Duanfang, the governor of Liangjiang in the Qing Dynasty; the sixth son, Kehuan, married Chen Zheng, the only daughter of Chen Qitai, the governor of Jiangsu; the seventh son, Keqi, married the fifth daughter of Sun Baoqi, the premier of the Republic of China; the eighth son, Kezhen, married Zhou Ruizhu, the daughter of Zhou Fu, a native of Jiande, Anhui, and the governor of Liangjiang; the ninth son, Kejiu, married Li Shaofang, the second daughter of Li Yuanhong, the two presidents of the Republic of China, Huangpi, Wuhan; and the tenth son, Kejian, married Lu Yuxiu, the daughter of Lu Jianzhang, the governor of ShaanxiThe eleventh son, Ke'an, married Li Baohui, the daughter of Li Shiming, a great salt merchant in Tianjin; the twelfth son, Kedu, married the daughter of Luo Yunzhang, a wealthy merchant; the thirteenth son, Kexiang, married Zhang Shoufang, the granddaughter of Natong, a scholar of the former Qing Dynasty; and the fifteenth son, Kehe, married Zhang Yunqian, the second daughter of Zhang Tiaochen, one of the eight great families in Tianjin.
The eldest daughter Bozhen married Zhang Yuanliang, the twelfth son of Zhang Renjun, the governor of Liangjiang; the second daughter Zhongzhen married Xue Guanlan, the grandson of Xue Fucheng, the minister of the Qing Dynasty, after dissolving the marriage contract with Duanfang's nephew; the third daughter Shuzhen (later renamed Yuan Jingxue) married Yang Yuxun, the second son of Yang Shicong, the governor of Sizhou, Anhui Province; the fifth daughter Ji Zhen married the son of Lu Baozhong of Suzhou, the secretary of the Ministry of Officials, and later died of illness; the sixth daughter Jizhen married the nephew of Sun Baoqi, the premier of the Republic of China; the seventh daughter Qizhen married the son of the Minister of War Miaochang; the tenth daughter Congzhen married Shao Wenkai, commander of the Beijing Military Police; and the thirteenth daughter Ji Zhen married the son of Lu Baozhong of Suzhou.
At the end of 1937, the fourteenth daughter Xunzhen married Cao Shiyue, the son of Cao Kun, the president of the Republic of China, and married a United Nations official after the divorce, living in New York, and died at the end of 2005 at the age of 90.
Yuan Shikai's grandchildren
The 17 sons gave birth to 22 grandsons and 25 granddaughters for Yuan Shikai, with a total of 79 children and grandchildren.
Among Yuan Shikai's 17 sons, the eldest son Yuan Keding is an official, the second son Yuan Kewen Nengwen, and the sixth son Yuan Kehuan run an industry and are well-known. Therefore, the Yuan family commented on Yuan Shikai's sons: "The eldest son Keding is the most powerful, the second son Kewen is the most talented, and the sixth son Kehuan is the richest." ”
After Yuan Shikai's death, the Yuan family lost its backer, and the family situation deteriorated, and later the Yuan family's property in Henan was confiscated by the Kuomintang government, and Yuan Dagongzi had to rely on pawns to make a living. During the fall of North China during the Anti-Japanese War, Cao Rulin persuaded Yuan Keding to sell his private garden in his hometown of Zhangde Huanshang Village to the Japanese. Yuan Keding resolutely disagreed, and rejected the Japanese on the grounds that "the birthplace of the ancestors cannot be sold without permission for the descendants".
In this regard, Zhang Boju, a close friend of Yuan Keding and one of the four sons of the Republic of China, once commented: "People know that Mei Lanfang has a beard and a clear ambition, when Beijing fell for eight years, Keding was in a difficult situation, and he refused to take up a false position, and he was also virtuous, but unfortunately few people knew about it. ”