Introduction
Recently, spring flowers are blooming and the temperature is rising, are you planning to bring equipment and "set up camp".
Go to the mountain streams, go out to enjoy the flowers, and then tread the water to catch shrimp?
Recently, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has issued reminders one after another to pay attention to the prevention of schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis can be contracted all year round, and it is most likely to be infected from April to October, and the risk of infection is greater in spring and summer.
What is schistosomiasis?
Schistosomiasis is an infectious, endemic and natural parasitic disease caused by schistosomiasis parasitism in humans or mammals, and is a globally endemic neglected tropical parasitic disease that seriously affects human health and social and economic development.
The Japanese schistosomiasis epidemic in mainland China is caused by Schistosoma japosum infection, which is a statutory Class B infectious disease. If it is not treated in time or not cured, it will develop to an advanced stage, and the liver and other organs will be damaged, resulting in portal hypertension, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites and other symptoms, and the person's appearance will become skinny and belly as big as a bulge, so it is also called "big belly disease".
Infection can occur within 10 seconds of contact
Schistosoma is a fluke that lives in the blood vessels of vertebrates, also known as schizome flukes. There are seven main types of schistosoma that can parasitize and cause disease in humans, namely Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematii, Schistosoma intergranular, Schistosoma mekong, Schistosoma malaya and Schistosoma guinea. Among them, the first three are the most widely distributed and the most harmful.
The development of schistosoma is divided into seven stages: eggs, caterae, maternal larvae, daughter cytes, cercariae, larvae and adults, among which cercariae are the stages that can infect the human body. Cercariae can invade the human body when they come into contact with the human body surface in water. Experiments have shown that host animals can be infected after only 10 seconds of contact with cercariae.
Blood flukes
Vampire worms are different from schistosomes
When people talk about bloodsucking insects, they often refer to leeches, also known as leeches, which are ectoparasites that live by sucking blood or eating carrion. It is long, flattened, slightly spindle-shaped, and has two suction cups at the front and back that attach to the body surface of humans and animals. Leeches live in paddy fields, rivers, paddy fields, lakes and marshes, ditches and shallow water polluted pits and ponds, and are distributed in various parts of the mainland, and there are many types.
leech
Attention! Schistosoma spreads like this
A person or animal infected with schistosomiasis excretes feces containing schistosomiasis eggs into the water;
The water is home to snails, an intermediate host for schistosomiasis transmission, which in turn produces cercariae capable of infecting humans;
Snails
People become infected by contact with bodies of water containing cercariae (infested water).
Life history of blood flukes
After infection, it is easy to mistake it for a "cold"
Some patients may experience a tingling-like sensation on the skin after exposure to the infested water, followed by pimples and itching.
- After 1~5 days, there may be cough (easy to mistake for a cold), and the lung symptoms of recurrent infections are more serious.
- After an incubation period of 30-60 days, there will be fever, liver enlargement and peripheral blood eosinophilia, accompanied by liver tenderness, spleen enlargement, cough, abdominal distension and diarrhea and other symptoms.
- Patients with recurrent infections who have not been treated with standard treatment can develop advanced schistosomiasis.
How can schistosomiasis be prevented?
The immediate cause of schistosomiasis infection is contact with water bodies containing schistosomiasis cercariae (infested water). Therefore, avoiding contact with water bodies that may contain schistosomiasis cercariae and safe water is key to avoiding infection.
When production and life must come into contact with infected water, you can prevent infection with schistosomiasis by wearing protective equipment (rubber gloves, rubber shoes, rubber clothing, rubber pants, etc.), applying protective cream (agent), and taking preventive medicine.
How is the infection treated?
When you inevitably come into contact with infected water, have symptoms such as fever, or leave the water body for one month, you should take the initiative to go to a schistosomiasis control institution or disease prevention and control institution for examination and treatment in time.
If infection is confirmed, praziquantel is currently the only highly effective, low-toxicity, and easy-to-use oral antischistosomiasis drug widely used in schistosomiasis-endemic areas. When taking the medicine, you should follow the doctor's instructions carefully and strengthen follow-up.
Content source: Beijing Traffic Broadcasting
Editor: Liu Huiming
Editor-in-Chief on duty: Che Shui
Producer: Zhao Peng
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