boundary
Aesthetic.
The question of the state of life is an issue that traditional Chinese philosophy attaches great importance to. Feng Youlan believes that the doctrine of the state of life is the most valuable content in traditional Chinese philosophy.
Feng Youlan said that on the surface, people in the world share a common world, but in fact, everyone's world is not the same, because the meaning of the world to everyone is not the same.
For example, Feng Youlan said that the two traveled to the same mountain. One of them is a geologist, and he sees some kind of geological formation in this mountain. One of them is a historian, who sees some historical relics in this mountain. Therefore, the same mountain has different meanings for these two people.
There are many things, some people see them as treasures, some people see them as dung. Although a thing is the same thing, it can mean different things to each person. So, everyone has their own world. That is, everyone has their own realm. No two people in the world are exactly the same.
The realm is a kind of orientation.
A person's state has a guiding effect on his life and practice. What kind of state a person has means what kind of life he will live.
The realm directs a person's choices of various social behaviors, including his hobbies and aesthetics. A person's spiritual realm is manifested in his inner psychological state, which the ancient Chinese called "mind", "chest", "embrace", and "mind".
A person's spiritual realm is manifested in his external speech, smile, manners, and attitudes, and even in his way of life, which the ancient Chinese called "weather" and "pattern".
"Mind", "weather", and "pattern", as the spiritual world of people, seem to be "virtual", invisible and intangible, but in fact it is an objective existence that others can feel.
Feng Youlan said that when he was a student at Peking University, he went to the president's office to see Cai Yuanpei for the first time, and as soon as he entered, he felt that Mr. Cai had a kind of "light, wind, and moon" atmosphere, and the room was full of this kind of weather, which showed that one person's "weather" could be felt by other people.
A person's life can be divided into three levels.
The first level is the level of a person's daily life. We usually talk about firewood, rice, oil, salt, food, clothing, housing, transportation, sending to usher, weddings, funerals and other "mundane affairs".
This mundane aspect of life often seems a bit boring. But this is an indispensable aspect of life.
The second level is the level of work, the level of career. Everyone in society, in order to support themselves and their families, must have a job and a career.
To put it in a positive way, people should do something in their life and contribute to society.
So the level of work is also the level of career in a positive sense, which is a core level of life.
The third level is the realm and aesthetic level. The first two levels are utilitarian levels, and this level is super-utilitarian. Of course, people have to do a career in their lives, but life should also be a little poetic. Life is not the same as career.
In addition to career, life should also have a realm and aesthetic level. Aesthetic activity, although not directly utilitarian, is necessary for life. Without aesthetic activities, people are not real people, and such a life is flawed.
A person's daily life, clothing, food, housing, transportation, including some details of life, can reflect his spiritual realm, reflect his survival mentality, life style and cultural taste.
A person's spiritual realm will inevitably manifest itself in his every move in his daily life. A person's work and career, of course, can best reflect his life realm, and can best reflect his mind and atmosphere.
Of course, a person's aesthetic level also reflects a person's life state.
A person's aesthetic tastes and aesthetic pursuits, from his artistic hobbies to his dress, all reflect a person's aesthetics, values and life pursuits, and there is a distinction between healthy and morbid, elegant and vulgar.
If he is an artist, then his artwork will definitely reflect his personality and his life state.
Chinese aesthetics has always believed that the character of a work of art and the character of an artist are unified, and that poetry, calligraphy, and painting are based on character. Therefore, the ancient Chinese attached great importance to the character of the artist.
Here we can cite one of the most prominent examples, which is Ji Kang. Ji Kang has four poems: "Seeing the return to Hong, waving the five strings in his hand, pitching and being self-satisfied, and wandering in the heart is too mysterious." These four lines of poetry have always been regarded as the most beautiful artistic realm, but also the most beautiful realm of life.
"The World Speaks New Words" records that Ji Kang is seven feet eight inches long and has a special demeanor. At that time, people said that he said: "Xiao Xiao Susu, hearty and clear", and said "Su Su is like the wind under the pine, high and Xu Yin", and said "Longzhang Fengzi, natural nature".
Shan Tao said: "Uncle Ji is also a man at night, and if Yanyan is independent, if he is drunk, if he is drunk, if he is drunk, if he is like a jade mountain, he will collapse." "This is the beauty of Ji Kang's style. Ji Kang has more aesthetic talents.
He is good at writing, Wei continued "Moxu" said: "Ji Kangshu, such as holding the piano and half drunk, singing and sleeping, and like all the birds flying, the flock is scattered." This realm of Ji Kang's calligraphy is the embodiment of Ji Kang's own independence of the lone pine, the demeanor of the jade mountain about to collapse, and the spirit of the wind. Ji Kang is better at the piano. Ji Kang plays the piano and integrates with his life's pursuit. In the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), he was killed by Sima Yan at the age of 40.
According to records, Ji Kang was in the east of the city, his spirit remained unchanged, he looked at the shadow of the sun, played the piano, played "Guangling San", and sighed at the end of the song and said: ""Guangling San" is extinct today. "Ji Kang integrates music into life, integrates life into music, and life and music become one, sublimating into a lofty personality realm and aesthetic realm.
Chinese aesthetics believes that aesthetic activities can improve people's cultural quality and cultural character in many aspects, but in the end, it comes down to guiding people to have a lofty spiritual pursuit and improving people's life realm.
Our ancient Chinese thinkers emphasized that a person, including teenagers, middle-aged people, and the elderly, should not only pay attention to increasing their knowledge and skills, but also, or more importantly, pay attention to broadening their minds, cultivating their own atmosphere, and improving their own life realm, that is, to have a higher spiritual pursuit, to pursue a more meaningful, more valuable, and more interesting life, and to pursue the sacred value of life.