This morning, I happened to see an article that talked about the official ranks of Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe. The article said that Su Xun took the position of chief bookkeeper, which is almost equivalent to what we now call the deputy county magistrate. And Su Shi's official position is the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, which is a higher level, equivalent to the current ministerial level. As for Su Zhe, he has become a servant, although he sounds like a high-ranking official, but he is actually a false position and has no actual power. After comparison, it can be seen that among the three, Su Shi's official position is the largest.
I thought about it, and he was able to come to such a conclusion probably because of the following two main reasons.
There are two brothers in the Su family, Su Shi serves as the Shangshu, and Su Zhe is the waiter. Shangshu and Shilang were two different positions in the imperial court. Su Shi is one of the highest officials and can be called a minister; Correspondingly, Su Zhe ranks secondary in his position, which can be understood as a deputy minister.
In the early Song Dynasty, the position of the subordinate servant was indeed a fictitious position, but in the Zhezong period, when Su Zhe served as the subordinate servant, it was already after the reform of Yuanfeng. At this time, the duties of the squire have become very real, equivalent to the position of the prime minister. To put it simply, it is that the squire is no longer a fictitious position after the restructuring of Yuanfeng, but an official position with real power.
In fact, many people have misunderstandings about the two official positions of Zhongshu Shilang and Menxia Shilang, and often mistakenly think that they are just minor officials. But in order to understand the political system of the Song Dynasty more accurately, it is necessary to delve into the system of ruling the dynasty.
I use the position of the prime minister, not the prime minister, because the prime minister and the ruling encompass the two roles, and the ruling can be regarded as the deputy prime minister.
It should be explained that the official system of the Song Dynasty was very complicated, and it was arguably the most complex among the Li dynasties. However, the system is relatively clear-cut, and has undergone the following six changes. The bureaucratic system of the Song Dynasty was quite complex, which is a prominent feature of its history. However, the evolution of the ruling system is relatively methodical, and it has undergone six major changes. To a certain extent, these changes reflect the social and political changes of the time. In the Song Dynasty, the setting of official positions was very detailed and complex, which can be called the most in all dynasties. However, the system of prime ministers and governing is relatively easy to understand, and it has undergone six different forms of change. These changes reflected the evolution and adjustment of the political environment at the time. In short, the official system of the Song Dynasty was quite complex, but the evolution of the ruling system was relatively clear, and it mainly underwent six major changes. These changes are of great significance for understanding the political development of the Song dynasty.
At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, it was an important historical period. During this period, the society gradually stabilized, the economy began to recover and develop, and the culture was greatly improved. Politically, a centralized system was implemented, and the bureaucratic system was gradually improved. In addition, many outstanding writers, artists, and scientists appeared in the early years of the Song Dynasty, leaving a valuable cultural heritage for future generations. 1. In the early Song Dynasty, the country experienced a period of peace and stability. The economy has gradually recovered, and the social and cultural level has also been significantly improved. The centralized system has been further strengthened and improved, and government institutions have gradually improved. This period also saw the emergence of many talented writers, artists, and scientists, leaving behind valuable cultural wealth for future generations. 2. These outstanding talents had a profound impact on the Song Dynasty and even the entire Chinese civilization. In the early Song Dynasty, their wisdom and talent injected a steady stream of impetus into the prosperity and progress of the Song Dynasty. Their achievements not only promoted the development of culture, science and technology, art and other fields in the Song Dynasty, but also had a profound impact on the entire Chinese civilization.
The prime minister, that is, the official in the system of collective responsibility.
During this period, if an official reached the rank of a six-part squire or above, and was given the special title of "Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi", then they were considered prime ministers. To put it simply, such an official is equivalent to the position of prime minister.
In ancient times, it was common for the prime minister to get the position of pavilion.
Among the many officials, the prime minister, who was at the top, was the prime minister, and he added the title of "Shobunkan University Scholar" to his official title, so that he was called Shobun Xiang.
The second-ranking high-ranking official, the prime minister, who is revered as the prime minister, also served as the "superintendent of the history of the country", so he is often called the minister of the history museum.
The lowest-ranking deputy is crowned with the title of "Master of Jixian Palace", and people often refer to it as Jixian Xiang.
Governing power, that is, participating in the governor's affairs, is an important position to participate in the decision-making of state affairs.
Second, on Yuanfeng's reform measures
From the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty implemented a new bureaucratic system, which is recorded in history as the "Yuanfeng reform". Through this series of adjustments and changes, the government structure and management system have been further optimized.
One form of the prime minister's system is the two-phase system.
Zuo Xiang is the left deputy prime minister of Shangshu Province, and also serves as the servant of his subordinates.
The position of the right minister, that is, the right servant of the Shangshu, and the servant of the Chinese book.
Leadership positions: Provincial Shilang under the door, Shilang of Zhongshu Province, deputy director of the left Shangshu, and deputy director of the right Shangshu.
3. In the second year of political peace.
In the second year of the reign of Emperor Hui of the Song Dynasty, the imperial court carried out reforms and abolished the position of Shangshu's left and right servants.
Prime minister system, that is, group phase system. In ancient times, the prime minister was an important official in the imperial court who was responsible for assisting the king in handling national affairs, while the group system refers to the decision-making process in which multiple prime ministers participate in national affairs. This system is designed to pool wisdom and discuss national issues together to achieve better governance results.
Left Prime Minister, Dazai's position and his servant.
The position of the right minister is held by Shaozai, who is also the squire of the middle book.
A new way of expression: in the official hierarchy, three important positions are jointly responsible for the affairs of the three provinces.
The ruling refers to the officials in charge of administrative affairs in the imperial court, including the subordinate servants, the Zhongshu servants, the Shangshu Zuocheng, and the Shangshu Youcheng.
Four years ago, the year of the first year of Jingkang, was an important node in history.
Song Qinzong made adjustments to the official system in the first year of Jingkang, one of which was to change the official system back to the system of the Yuanfeng period.
The father and son had a good quarrel, and in the end they caused the disaster of "Jingkang Change".
Fifth, in the Song Gaozong Jianyan three years...
In April of the third year of Jianyan in XXXX A.D., Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty reappointed the position of Pingzhangshi under the Tongzhong Shumen.
One form of the prime minister's system is the two-phase system.
Zuo Xiang's position is equivalent to Shangshu's Zuo Servant, and he is also a member of Zhongshu's Sect and Ping Zhangshi.
The right minister is equivalent to the right servant of Shangshu, and the position of participating in the handling of political affairs with the subordinates of Zhongshu.
Exercising power, that is, participating in the affairs of the governor, is the position of participating in the affairs of the state.
Sixth, the beginning of the eight years of the main road, time flies. This year is the eighth year of the main road, time flies, and the years are like gold. On the occasion of the eighth year of the main road, the years passed, and the time sequence was like an arrow. In short, it has been eight years on the road, and time is like an arrow.
In the eighth year of Song Xiaozong's reign, in February, the imperial court decided to restore the official name of the prime minister. Soon after, in March, the government made another important decision to abolish the names of the governors of the three provinces. Both of these reform measures were aimed at better adapting to the political situation and needs of the time.
The two-phase system of governance corresponds to the position of prime minister. In simple terms, the prime minister is a participant in a system in which two or more high-ranking officials in charge of administration work together.
Zuo Prime Minister's nickname: Zuo Xiang. Explanation: This is another way to refer to the name of an official position in ancient times, that is, "Zuo Prime Minister" is often referred to as "Zuo Xiang".
Another name for the right prime minister is the right prime minister.
Exercising power, that is, participating in the affairs of the governor, is the position of participating in the affairs of the state.
A few points to note:1. Let me briefly explain a few key points. 2. Let me tell you a few things. 3. I would like to briefly introduce a few important things.
During the Song Dynasty, in addition to the participation of officials in the positions of governor, subordinate servant, Zhongshu squire, and Shangshu left and right, the prefect of the Privy Council would also participate in the decision-making of major national affairs. As a result, the scope of the consuls is broader and not limited to the above-mentioned positions. Officials in the positions of Privy Councillor, Privy Counsellor, Privy Councillor, Privy Councillor, and Privy Councillor are also regarded as consuls, equivalent to the status of Deputy Prime Minister.
In the Song Dynasty, there was a term that was often mentioned, and that was "to make the appearance". It is a unique title that is different from other dynasties. To be clear, the envoy is not really the prime minister, but a high-ranking rank. It is more of a symbol of honor, status, and treatment. In the Song Dynasty, there were specific positions that could be referred to as envoys. For example, if they concurrently serve as governors of the three provinces (such as Shizhong, Zhongshu Ling, Shangshu Ling) or Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi, then they can be called envoys. This title is not a substantive power, but a symbolic honor.
During the Yuanfeng period, an important system reform was carried out, changing the original title of "Kaifu Yi Tong Sansi" to "envoy", which was an adjustment of the highest position of civil officials, equivalent to their current salary grade. In this restructuring, the highest rank of civil servant has been changed to "envoy", which is equivalent to taking the highest level of salary. This reform measure was aimed at better adapting to the needs of the social and political development of the time and improving the efficiency and credibility of the bureaucracy.
"The reason why they are not real prime ministers is because they are not involved in government affairs. However, at the end of the edict appointing the generals, they had the right to sign the word 'envoy'. Such a provision gives them a special status to some extent. ”
On the whole, Shangshu has the highest status, equivalent to the main person in charge, while Shilang is secondary. Su Shi held an important position in the Ministry of Rites, and his status can be compared with the ministerial level. However, Su Zhe's second-in-command position is actually the deputy position of the subordinate province, similar to the deputy position of the State Council, and its level is the deputy national level, which is different from the deputy ministerial level. In short, although they are all high-position, Su Zhe's position is more prominent, and he is a higher-level deputy position.
The Su family has three sons, and judging from the literary attainments, there is no doubt that Su Shi is the most outstanding. But when it comes to being an official, Su Zhe, the younger brother, has the highest official position.
This article is about an in-depth discussion on a topic. It touches on several aspects, including some key concepts and ideas. At its core, the idea is that we will be able to better understand the subject and thus be better able to deal with the issues associated with it. This theme is of great significance to our lives and to society. It is not only a theoretical issue, but also an issue that is closely related to our practical life.