"Big Aunt" and "Old Friend" visit every month
But for a lot of women
They may just be
"Familiar Strangers"
Can you eat ice during menstruation? Spicy?
Why is it easy to get angry before menstruation?
Is it possible to eat fat during menstruation?
What should I do about menstrual cramps?
……
naturally
A lot of boys are also confused
Why is girlfriend/mom always on certain days
Easily angry with yourself?
For girls
Understanding menstruation is the first step to taking control of your body
For boys
Understanding menstruation is the first step to understanding the women around you
All of them!
Get to know menstruation with Xiaobu today!!
This issue is a popular science guest
Jin Li
Chief Physician, Doctoral Supervisor; Director of Gynecologic Endocrinology (Reproductive Center), Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University; Vice Chairman of the Fertility Protection Professional Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association; Vice Chairman of the Reproductive Medicine Branch of Shanghai Medical Association
What is Menstruation? How is menstruation formed?
Menstruation is accompanied by periodic changes in the ovaries
Periodic shedding and bleeding of the endometrium
Menstruation is a normal physiological process in a woman's body
The appearance of regular menstruation
It is an important sign of reproductive maturation
The ovaries secrete enough estrogen each month
Thickens the lining of the uterus
Creating a "rich soil" for eggs
And one of the most mature eggs is selected for release
Waiting for the sperm to combine
If the egg is not fertilized during this "waiting period".
The corpus luteum shrinks about 14 days after ovulation
Stops secreting estrogen and progesterone
Spasmodic contraction of blood vessels in the endometrium
The unused endometrium shrinks and peels off
Bleeding is excreted with shedding
Formation of menstrual cramps
From a clinical point of view
The age at which a girl first menstruates is generally between 8 and 13 years old
The menstrual period generally lasts until the age of 51
How is the menstrual cycle calculated? What happens to a woman's body throughout the menstrual cycle?
Menstruation is not just a few days of bleeding
The calculation of a woman's menstrual cycle is:
Bleeding from this menstrual period on the 1st day
to the 1st day of the next menstrual period
Number of days apart
Menstrual periods
It usually lasts 3-7 days
At this stage
The endometrium is shed and excreted from the body
The body's hormone levels are low
Symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, backache, and chest distension may occur
Feeling tired, stressed, and having a low appetite
Follicular phase
It usually lasts 7 to 10 days
After the end of the menstrual period
The brain begins to stimulate the ovaries to produce follicles
This process of follicle maturation
It secretes a large amount of estrogen
Estrogen stimulates the thickening of the lining of the uterus
At the same time because of hormonal changes
Women will appear at this time
A state of increased appetite and high energy
Ovulation
Occurs 12-18 days after menstruation
This is the middle stage of the menstrual cycle
It usually occurs in the middle of the follicular phase
Ovulation may last for 1 week
But the actual day of ovulation is only one of them
With a sustained increase in estrogen
The brain receives positive feedback
Begin to control your body for ovulation
The egg is released from the follicle
This is the peak of estrogen in the body
Secretions will increase in women
It becomes a brushed shape similar to transparent glue
It's the ideal time to try to have a baby!
At the same time, under the action of hormones
Sisters will also have better skin at this stage
Personal state will be more confident
(Allow!) Light! Shining! Hair! ）
Luteal phase
It usually lasts 10-14 days
After the egg is expelled from the follicle
These cells of the follicle become luteal cells
At this time, a large amount of progesterone is released in the body
It is conducive to the endometrium and is rich in nutrients
If the embryo does not implant successfully
The corpus luteum will gradually disappear
At this time, the endometrium will
Lack of progesterone and estrogen support
Intimal peeling and bleeding may occur
A new menstrual period is formed
What is a normal period?
Menstruation comes almost every month
It can be said to be a "barometer" of women's health
Generally speaking, we can pass
Here are a few ways to tell if your period is normal
01
menstrual cycle
The normal menstrual cycle is 28±7 days
i.e. 21-35 days
If the menstrual cycle changes frequently and is irregular
Not even for a long time
The general concern is irregular ovulation
As a result, the endometrium does not shed properly
It is recommended to go to the hospital for a check-up
If menstruation is regular
Occasional delayed menstruation generally doesn't require special treatment
Don't worry
After all, our bodies are not machines
Of course, TA should be allowed to have some small "surprises"~
Period (bleeding) timing
02
Menstruation (bleeding) usually takes 3-7 days
But the specifics vary from person to person
Short menstrual periods do not mean
There must be a specific disease
So, in that range
3 days and 7 days are normal
There is no clear superiority or inferiority
But if it often exceeds 7 days
It's also been "tick-tock" and not clean
It is advisable to go to the hospital to see the specific cause
03
The amount of menstrual bleeding
Normal menstrual flow is generally 20~60ml
More than 80ml is menorrhagia
If the amount of bleeding does not affect physical health
There is no psychological, social functioning, etc
to cause damage
In fact, it can be considered that the menstrual flow is normal
But if menstrual bleeding is excessive
It can lead to excessive blood loss
Anemia may develop
If there is a large amount of acute bleeding during a single menstrual period
It can even be life-threatening
Prompt medical attention is recommended
Menstrual (bleeding) color
04
The color of menstrual blood is usually dark red
Bleeding due to the peeling of the lining of the uterus
At the time of outflow through the body
will be oxidized to a dark red color
If it's bright red
It may be because of the heavy bleeding
As soon as the blood is discharged, it comes out
If the color is too dark
It may be caused by poor discharge
Menstruation is a physiological process of the body
There is a certain regularity
But this is not absolute
So if once or twice once in a while
If you have "abnormal" menstruation
Generally, you don't have to worry too much~
But if there is an abnormality for a long time
It's best to go to the hospital as soon as possible to seek help from a doctor~!
How does the body react during menstruation? What are the precautions?
When it comes to the physical reaction of menstruation
Many people think of bleeding and menstrual cramps
Those 7 days that were particularly uncomfortable
But physical discomfort doesn't just happen on those days
For a lot of women
Hormonal changes will be uncomfortable in addition to those days
It can also occur before menstruation
in the female body
Hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, etc
Cyclical changes in the body
Ups and downs, ups and downs
Firmly grasped the feminine's
Mood, behavior, sleep, and even appearance
Such as abdominal distension and pain, a feeling of sagging
The pelvis becomes congested before menstruation
Causes distension and pain in the lower abdomen
Breast tenderness
Breasts are very sensitive to hormonal changes in the body
Progesterone stimulates breast hyperplasia
This can lead to tenderness in the breasts
Acne
Fluctuations and changes in hormones in the body lead to breakouts
have diarrhea
Associated with pelvic congestion and prostaglandin secretion
During menstruation
To enhance the shedding of the intima
The body secretes prostaglandins to enhance smooth muscle contractions
And there is smooth muscle in the intestines
So many people have diarrhea during menstruation
furthermore
Endometriosis can also cause menstrual diarrhea
Mood swings, insomnia, etc
naturally
In addition to the hormonal effects themselves and the physiological discomfort of menstruation
It is also difficult not to be upset by the various "problems" caused by menstruation
For example, I accidentally got my pants dirty again
Go to the toilet regularly to change sanitary napkins
Summer is always wet and hot
……
So here is the point!
Men must pay more attention to women during menstruation
At this time, they really need support and understanding~
generally
Menstruation is actually a normal physiological process
Don't be overly concerned and worried
During this period
It is enough to maintain a normal and healthy life
What if you want to talk about precautions
The main reason is that the body's immunity decreases due to body bleeding
Susceptible to bacterial infections
So at this stage, you have to be a little better for your body
Avoid catching a cold and rest more~
Why do I have menstrual cramps? Do gynecologists also have menstrual cramps?
Menstrual cramps are caused by many causes
It is broadly divided into two categories: primary and secondary
01
Primary pain
Primary dysmenorrhea is basically a physical pain
Most women with menstrual cramps fall into this category
The main reason is
Caused by prostaglandins stimulating uterine contractions
During menstruation, the body needs to remove the shedding lining of the uterus
The lining contains prostaglandins
It is used to stimulate uterine contractions to help the lining expel out
The process of contraction is often painful
So why do uterine contractions be needed?
Wounds occur when the intima is peeled off
There will be bleeding spots in the uterus
To prevent increased bleeding
The body instinctively works through uterine contractions to help clot
If some women have a larger intimal mass
Then at the time of passing through the palace entrance
In order to drain smoothly
The uterus will contract, and the uterine opening will be opened
This results in pain
There are also women who have a curved uterus
Causes the intima to accumulate inside
For smooth discharge
Uterine contractions can also intensify
The pain will intensify
02
Secondary dysmenorrhea
Secondary dysmenorrhea is pathologic pain
May be due to dysmenorrhea due to organic lesions in the pelvis
For example, endometriosis, myometriosis, etc
This needs to be done by the doctor depending on the cause of each patient
Targeted testing, diagnosis, and treatment
If you ask
Since the doctor knows so much
So do gynecologists have menstrual cramps?
The answer, of course, is
Yes!
After all, this is a normal physical reaction in women
Everyone will have it to a greater or lesser extent
Everyone's physical condition is different
The level of pain also varies
If menstrual cramps interfere with our normal life
It is recommended that everyone go to the hospital for a check-up
Whether there is a pathological problem
If only a physiological reaction
We can be relieved by painkillers on a daily basis
(Normally, it will not affect the body.)
Partner/mom menstruate, what should a boy do?
Again
Menstruation is a physiological process that every woman goes through
Understanding menstruation isn't just a girl's thing
Every man around me
It is also necessary to have a basic understanding of menstrual knowledge
It's understanding mom/partner/daughter
An important lesson for every woman around you!
In addition, it is accompanied by the arrival of menstruation
The woman's body appears more or less uncomfortable
At this time, you must remember to help them keep their mood happy!
Hot Q&A
In those years, we had a misunderstanding of the "big aunt".
01
Menstruation is detoxification, the darker the menstrual blood, the more toxins in the body?
There are many sisters who think that menstruation is a detoxification process, and they are always worried that bad menstruation will affect the excretion of toxins from the body. Of course not! Again: menstruation is the periodic exfoliation of the endometrium, a physiological process! Menstrual blood is not toxin-filled waste blood, but normal bleeding accompanied by intimal detachment. It has nothing to do with detoxification! In many cases, due to the relative reduction of menstrual activity, menstrual blood accumulates in the vagina for a longer time, and may appear in different degrees of dark red, dark purple, etc. Therefore, the color of menstruation is closely related to the length of bleeding, the amount of bleeding and the speed of outflow. It's not because of the toxin!!
02
Is it possible to eat during menstruation without gaining weight?
No! 1 week before menstruation, high estrogen levels can cause sodium and water retention in the body, and edema appears, causing signs of weight gain. With the onset of menstruation, estrogen and progesterone levels drop sharply, edema will subside, weight will decrease, and some sisters have the illusion that "they don't get fat after eating a lot". (Heart-piercing?) However, the body's metabolism will be relatively enhanced during menstruation, coupled with the body's bleeding, proper nutrition supplementation should be, but don't overeat!
03
Am I sick because my period will pass something like a small piece of meat?
Small pieces of flesh are generally the shedding of the endometrium, and some people have obvious endometrial peeling, so there will be larger pink pieces of meat, which is normal. However, if the menstrual flow continues to increase and there are a large number of blood clots compared to the past, it is recommended to seek medical attention to check whether there are disease factors.
04
Menstrual cramps, just give birth to a baby?
This statement is not entirely unreasonable, but it is not entirely true. As mentioned by Xiaobu just now, dysmenorrhea has both primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea. After pregnancy gives birth to a baby, the uterus becomes larger and the reproductive tract expands, which helps the menstrual blood to drain more smoothly, and primary dysmenorrhea may be relieved. For secondary dysmenorrhea, in the process of pregnancy and breastfeeding, due to changes in hormone levels and ovulation suppression, endodysmenorrhea will be suppressed to a certain extent, and dysmenorrhea may be reduced, but as menstruation resumes and the condition progresses, dysmenorrhea will still appear or even worsen.
5
If you need to take medicine to delay menstruation in special circumstances, it will hurt your body, right?
In general, it is not recommended to take medicine to delay menstruation. If you encounter special circumstances, such as physical dysmenorrhea, which seriously affects normal work, exams, etc., you can consider taking medicine and postponing it, but you need to prepare in advance. It is recommended to go to the hospital 1~2 months in advance to seek help from a doctor and choose the right medicine according to your physical condition. This is generally a short-acting drug that can be metabolized quickly, so you don't have to worry about any effect on your body.
6
Does menstruation worsen anemia?
Bleeding occurs all the time during menstruation, so menstruation can aggravate anemia in general. Anemia can affect physical health, so if it is iron deficiency anemia, it is necessary to supplement iron in time, and if it is other types of anemia, it should be treated according to the doctor's advice.
7
How Long After Giving Birth Is It Normal For Menstruation?
Postpartum menstruation is generally related to whether or not to breastfeed, as it is related to changes in progesterone in the body. Women who do not breastfeed usually resume menstruation at 6-10 weeks postpartum, but it is normal for menstruation to resume at 5-12 weeks postpartum. Breastfeeding mothers generally delay the resumption of menstruation than non-lactating mothers, and there are more women who resume menstruation within 4-8 months after giving birth, but some women may not have menstruation because of breastfeeding until the end of breastfeeding, and some will resume menstruation early even if they are breastfeeding, and individual differences are relatively large. However, some women may not have menstruation after giving birth because of heavy bleeding or uterine damage during delivery, so if you do not have menstruation for a long time after weaning, it is recommended to go to the hospital for a professional diagnosis.
8
Can I have sex during my period? Can't get pregnant if you have intercourse at the end of menstruation?
It is not recommended to have sex during menstruation, as menstruating women's vaginal defense function is reduced, and bacteria are easy to invade the vagina and ascending infections, leading to acute/chronic inflammation of the vagina and pelvis, and may also lead to menstrual blood reflux, increasing the risk of endometriosis. So, boys, pay attention, don't run red lights during menstruation!
Plus, there's no absolute safe period! There is no absolute safe period! There is no absolute safe period! Say the important thing three times! Although the menstrual period is near the end or just after the end, the probability of pregnancy is relatively low. However, sperm can survive in the body for a long time, and if the sisters usually have irregular menstruation or short menstrual cycles, there may also be occasional ovulation at the end of menstruation.
9
Can I eat ice, eat spicy food, and drink coffee during my menstrual period?
Generally speaking, try not to eat irritating things during the menstrual period, mainly because the stomach and intestines are relatively weak during this period, and eating these irritating things is easy to make the body uncomfortable. For example, if you eat ice, you will be prone to diarrhea, so eating ice at this time is easy to aggravate this discomfort.
But this is not absolute, everyone's physical condition is different, if eating ice and spicy will not make you feel uncomfortable, then you can eat it if you want!
Coffee has a dilating effect on blood vessels, so drinking coffee may affect the vasoconstrictive function, resulting in more bleeding. But it varies from person to person, if you don't experience obvious discomfort after drinking, you can drink it normally.
10
Can't exercise during your period?
It is recommended not to exercise vigorously during menstruation, but to do some soothing exercises appropriately is conducive to menstrual blood discharge and is conducive to relieving pain. Swimming is not encouraged due to hygiene concerns. Pelvic congestion during menstruation, when the endometrium falls off, the uterine cavity will form a wound, which is more likely to be "infected"; The cervix is usually tightly closed, and the menstrual period is slightly open, which is conducive to the discharge of menstrual blood, but at the same time, germs are more likely to invade. If you can, don't toss. (Hot springs too)
11
Can I wear a crop top during my period?
Wear it if you want, as long as you don't catch a cold! The main concern during menstruation is the cold, but from a medical point of view, there is a big difference between having an open stomach and showing your arms
。 So as long as you're not cold!
12
Can I soak my feet during menstruation, will it cause blood vessels to dilate and bleed more?
You can soak your feet in hot water, don't put a medicine bag~ The vasodilation caused by soaking your feet in (pure) hot water is local and will not affect menstruation.
At last
Xiaobu wants to tell everyone
Menstruation is like eating and drinking Lazar
It is to ensure the normal functioning of the human body
A physiological process
We know TA
It is to better understand the female body
meantime
I hope you don't "specialize" your menstruation too much
Don't get your period and your whole body will be sluggish
Be careful not to do anything
During this period, we still eat when we want to, and drink when we want!
How comfortable you are
Don't turn TA into a shackle to your body!
Congratulations to all sisters (who have no plans to get pregnant).
"It's not too early or too late, and I don't feel it when I arrive on time"
Pick up "Auntie" every month