As one of the "Three Treasures of Northeast China", ginseng has been regarded as a good medicine for all diseases since ancient times, and is known as the "king of herbs". This article is about ginseng.
"Materia Medica": "Ginseng, a divine grass, a goblin." "Spring and Autumn Fortune Doushu" clouds: Yaoguang stars scatter, and ginseng. Born in the valley of the party, Liaodong Youji Prefecture, the thickest place of the soil, so there is the name of goblin. Legend has it that when it is not excavated, its stems and leaves are faintly lit at night. Its age is deep, the roots are human-shaped, the head, face and limbs are complete, it is called the child ginseng, so it has the name of the sacred grass. ”
A synonym for ginseng
Traditional Chinese medicine ginseng is the dried root and rhizome of the plant ginseng of the family Pentaceae. It is mainly produced in Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang, and is traditionally produced in Fusong County, Jilin Province, with the largest yield and the best quality, called "Jilin ginseng".
野生人参名“野山参”，目前为濒危保护品种； The sowing that grows naturally in the wild state of the mountain forest is called "forest ginseng", and it is commonly called "seed sea". Cultivated ginseng is commonly known as "garden ginseng". If the young wild ginseng is transplanted in the field, or the young garden ginseng is transplanted into the mountain field and grows into ginseng, it is called "moving ginseng".
If the ginseng is produced in Jilin, it is called "Jilin ginseng", if it is produced in North Korea, it is called "Korean ginseng", "Korean ginseng" or "Beizhi ginseng", and if it is produced in Japan, it is called "Oriental ginseng".
In addition, its processed products are washed and dried, which are called "raw dried ginseng"; After being scalded in boiling water, soaked in sugar juice, taken out and dried is called "sugar ginseng", steamed, dried or dried is called "red ginseng", and the branch roots and fibrous roots are steamed and dried as "ginseng whiskers".
Red ginseng
The different names of ginseng also include human title, ghost cover, human micro, earth spirit, blood ginseng, goblin, hundred-foot pestle, Jinjing jade, child ginseng, mallet, etc.
After the 70s of the last century, there was a contradiction between supply and demand of more and more types of Chinese medicinal materials, especially with the development of modern agricultural technology, many medicinal materials could be successfully cultivated. However, due to the change of the ecological environment of cultivated plants, the appearance and characteristics of medicinal materials have changed greatly, and they are usually regarded as inferior medicinal materials. For example, the price of planted ginseng is usually 100~200 yuan/kg, while wild ginseng (mountain ginseng) is usually hundreds of thousands of yuan per kilogram. From the perspective of chemical composition, the content of a variety of saponins in wild and cultivated ginseng is similar, and the content of some saponins is only 2~3 times different, even if there is a difference in quality between the two, the price difference is not very huge, and it is obvious that there may be a large unreasonable range between the price of the commodity and the actual value.
Chinese medicine
Ginseng is mostly harvested in autumn, washed and dried in the sun or dried. Moisten thoroughly, cut into thin slices, dried, or crushed or mashed when used. This product has a specific aroma, and the taste is slightly bitter and sweet. It is better to cut the surface color is light yellow and white, and there are many dotted resins. Raw.
Ginseng is sweet, slightly bitter and slightly lukewarm. Return to the spleen, lungs, heart, and kidney meridians. It has the effect of greatly replenishing vitality, restoring the pulse and strengthening the body, nourishing the spleen and lungs, nourishing the blood and calming the nerves and intellect.
Note: It should not be used with quinoa and Wuling fat.
"Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica": "Ginseng, sweet in taste, slightly cold. The main tonifies the five organs, calms the spirit, fixes the soul, stops palpitations, removes evil spirits, brightens the eyes, and is happy and intellectual. Wear for a long time and prolong your life. A human title, a ghost cover. Raw Valley. ”
"Materia Medica"
Tune in to quench thirst and clear blood vessels. "Medicinal Properties" cloud: Suffering from deficiency and dreams, add and use it.
Cheng Chat Seyun: The spleen is slow, the urgent food is willing to slow down, and the ginseng is sweet to slow the temper.
Jie Guyun: Ginseng treats deficiency of yang qi in the spleen and lungs, as well as shortness of breath and shortness of breath in the lungs. Replenish the middle and slow the middle, diarrhea the spleen, lungs and stomach in the fire evil. Good treatment of shortness of breath and lack of breath, non-cohosh is a quote, and it cannot make up for the rising qi. One point for cimicifuga and three points for ginseng, which can be mutually beneficial. If you make up for the Jiao Yuanqi, the fire evil in the kidney, Poria cocos is used for it, and the licorice shoots are used for the king, and the stem is diseased, or the neem is added, and the wine is boiled Xuanhusuo, which is especially good. "Treating Secrets" cloud: warm in nature, sweet in taste. The smell is thin, and the sun rises also. It is used in three ways: replenishing vitality, quenching thirst, and generating jin liquid. People with lung deficiency can use it to replenish the stomach. Do not use it for wheezing, but use it for shortness of breath.
Dongyuan Cloud: Ginseng is sweet and warm, and can replenish the qi in the lungs. If the lung qi is prosperous, the qi of the four Tibets is prosperous, and the lungs are the main qi. Zhongjing uses ginseng as a blood tonic, covering the blood is not self-generated, and the medicine that must generate yang qi is born, and the yang is born and the yin is long, and the blood is vigorous. If yin deficiency only replenishes blood, blood is born for no reason, and there is no yang for it. Youyun: Ginseng must be used to replenish qi. Youyun: Calm the stomach and medium. Youyun: Ginseng replenishes the lack of vitality and pours out the lung qi. Sweet and warm to replenish yang, and those who are good and stop but have insufficient pulse are also dead blood, and ginseng is supplemented. It is good for the spleen, and it is used with dried ginger. Replenish qi, the deficiency is abdominal pain, this medicine makes up for it, it is to make up for its deficiency. Youyun: Ginseng, a medicine for qi, such as shortness of breath, breathlessness and asthma.
Haizangyun: The taste is sweet and warm, and the qi is tonified, that is, the yang of the lungs is replenished, and the yin of the lungs is also purified. If you say that you nourish your lungs, regardless of the lack of yin and yang, cold and heat, you are mistaken. If the lungs are affected by cold, it is advisable to make up for it. The lungs are affected by fire, and it is not suitable to be used. The lungs are the land of heaven, that is, the hands are too yin. For the collection of Qingsu, it is cold but not hot, and its cold image can be known. If it is hot, it is suitable for sand ginseng. Sand cucumber has a bitter taste, slightly cold, non-toxic, the main blood accumulation is convulsive, removes cold and heat, tonifies the middle, benefits the lungs, cures stomach paralysis, heartache and heat, evil qi headache, intercutaneous evil heat, and is safe and hidden. Ginseng is sweet, slightly warm, and replenishes the yang of the five Tibets. Sand cucumber has a bitter taste, slightly cold, and the yin of the five Tibets is also replenished, and it is no different? Yi Lao takes sand ginseng to replace ginseng, and takes its bitterness, bitterness replenishes yin, and sweetness replenishes yang. Although the "Sutra" is supplemented by the five Tibets, it is also necessary to use the Tibetan medicine to complement each other, and to supplement the one Tibetan with the introduction, how can you not know.
Danxiyun: Ginseng, starting with the Taiyin meridian can replenish the yin fire, even the opposite of its reed. If you take one or two ginseng and put a penny of reed into it, then one or two ginseng will be wasted. Ring it.
Shennong's Materia Medica
The "Sutra" ends with these thirty-seven characters. Its outline cloud: the main supplement of the five organs, with the five organs belong to the yin. Mental restlessness, unstable soul, palpitations, confusion, and lack of mind are all disturbed by yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity. Today, the five internal organs have the help of sweet and cold, which is the effect of fixing, reassuring, stopping, clearing, opening, and benefiting. Those who say evil qi do not refer to external evils, but yin deficiency and strong fire and food, and fire is evil qi. Now the five internal organs have the help of sweet and cold, and the evil spirit will be eliminated. Yu savored the scriptures, and there was not a word about the warmth and replenishment of the yang. Therefore, Zhongjing is used as evidence of sweating, vomiting, and lower yin injuries, and is used to save the fluid. And in all the Hui Yang prescriptions, this feminine product will never be added, and the work of slowing down ginger and attaching it will be reversed. Therefore, the four reverse soup and the four reverse soup of Tongmai are the first party of Huiyang, and ginseng is not used. and the four reverses plus ginseng soup, with its benefit to stop the death of blood and add also; Poria cocos four reverse soup is used to sweat and after the next also. Today, people use ginseng to return to the yang. This theory was advocated from the Song and Yuan dynasties, and it was flourished in Xue Lizhai, Zhang Jingyue, and Li Shicai, and Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" was particularly mixed. Scholars must burn these books before they can speak to the doctor.
Among the 113 squares in Zhongjing, there are only 17 ginseng parties: Xinjia Soup, Xiao Chai Hu Soup, Bupleurum Guizhi Soup, Banxia Xingxin Soup, Coptis Soup, Ginger Xingxin Soup, Spiral Ochre Soup, Dried Turmeric Turnaround Coptis Ginseng Soup, Magnolia Ginger Banxia Ginseng Soup, Guizhi Ginseng Soup, Four Reverse Plus Ginseng Soup, Poria Cocos Four Reverse Soup, Wu Zhu Yu Soup, Lizhong Soup, White Tiger Plus Ginseng Soup, Bamboo Leaf Gypsum Soup, and Boiled Licorice Soup, all of which are due to sweating, vomiting, and going down. For example, Lizhong and Wu Zhuyu soup are too strong and dry in the yang medicine, take the sweet and cold nature of ginseng, nourish yin and match yang, and achieve the magic of neutralization.
He also said: Since Shizhen's "Compendium" prevailed, Shennong's "Materia Medica" was abolished. That is, like ginseng, the "Book of Scriptures" clearly says that it is slightly cold, and Shi Zhen says that it is cold when it is raw, and it is warm when it is cooked. The cover medicine has a certain nature, except for the raw pounding juice and cold serving, and steaming and drying eight or nine times, the color and taste have changed, quite a raw and cooked distinction. If the decoction is added, the raw person is also cooked. The cold and heat are originally ice charcoal, how can a thing be steamed or not, so it is as if it is different? The purpose of tasting the archaeological holy ginseng was originally for the sake of nourishing the five organs. And for the length of the five organs, the sect of the hundred veins, the transport of the turbidity, the body of the body, the lungs. Ginseng is only slightly cold and clears the lungs, the lungs are clear, the qi is vigorous, and the qi is long and the five organs are peaceful. The so-called yang replenishment of the ancients means that its sweet and cold use does not help to strengthen the fire, and in terms of food qi, it does not mean that its temperament is warm and replenishes the fire.
Tao Hongjing said: The function is the same as licorice, and all cold and temperature laxatives can be successfully helped. However, licorice has both yin and yang, so the cloud of the "Benjing": the main five internal organs. Ginseng Gong specializes in supplementing yin, so the cloud of the "Benjing": the five internal organs of the Lord. Zhongjing's cough and illness are also cold and cold, which is not suitable for this cold product.
Modern pharmacology
Ginseng has anti-fatigue, anti-stress, improving memory function, anti-depression, sedation and analgesia, protecting heart function, anti-shock, anti-cerebral ischemia, protecting brain injury, enhancing digestion, anti-tumor, anti-radiation, anti-aging, detoxification, enhancing immunity and other effects. Among them, ginseng can regulate the balance of the excitatory process and inhibition process of the central nervous system, and small doses of ginseng or ginsenosides have an excitatory effect on the central nervous system, and large doses turn into inhibition. Ginseng has varying degrees of facilitation effects on the acquisition, consolidation, and reproduction of memories. It has a stimulating effect on the pituitary-adrenal cortex system, can improve the stress state of the body, and increase resistance to non-specific stimuli. Ginseng can stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropins, accelerate the sexual maturation of rats, promote and strengthen the mating behavior of male rats, prolong the estrus period of female rats, and have gonadotropin-like effects.
Ginseng has the effect of first excitation and then inhibition, low-dose excitation and high-dose inhibition on the hearts of a variety of animals. The effect of ginseng on heart function is mainly to increase myocardial contractility, slow down heart rate, increase cardiac output and coronary blood flow, anti-myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, so as to have cardiotonic and anti-shock effects. Ginseng constricts blood vessels, shrinks slightly, dilates in large quantities, or first shrinks and then dilates. Ginseng has a two-way response to blood pressure, most animals first drop blood pressure and then slightly rise, a few animals first rise and then fall, which is caused by the different effects of ginseng total glycosides on different blood vessels. Ginseng or extract has a protective and stimulating effect on the hematopoietic function of bone marrow, and can increase the content of red blood cells, white blood cells and hemoglobin in normal or anemic animals. Ginseng has the effect of inhibiting platelet aggregation, lowering blood lipids, and anti-atherosclerosis. Ginseng or ginsenosides have a regulating effect on abnormal blood sugar, which can reduce hyperglycemia and increase hypoglycemia. Ginsenosides can promote fat synthesis in tissues of normally eating animals, and can reduce blood lipids in hyperlipidemic animals.
Red ginseng
Chinese medicine red ginseng is the dried roots and rhizomes of the cultivated ginseng of the family Pentaceae. Sweet, slightly bitter, slightly warm; Return to the spleen, lungs, heart, and kidney meridians. It is suitable for body weakness, cold limbs and weak pulses, no blood intake, and blood leakage. Decoction, 3~9g, another decoction. It should not be used with veratrol and five spirit fats.
Red ginseng
Ginseng leaves
Traditional Chinese medicine ginseng leaves are the dried leaves of ginseng, a plant of the family Pentaceae. Bitter taste, sweet, cold in nature; Return to the lungs and stomach meridians. Function: replenish qi, benefit the lungs, dispel heatstroke, and invigorate. It is suitable for qi deficiency and cough, heat irritability, thirst, confusion, and fatigue of limbs. Decoction, 3~9g. It should not be used with veratrol and five spirit fats.
Ginseng leaves
Time: 2024