The construction of the warp ship
In 1884, the Sino-French War broke out, and the Qing government set off a new round of ship purchases. Although some design problems were exposed to the "Jiyuan" ordered from Germany, Li Hongzhang still decided to continue to purchase new cruisers from Britain and Germany, and sent Xu Jingcheng to look for warship styles in Germany.
In view of the problems that arose in the design of the "Jiyuan" ship, Xu Jingcheng took a lot of trouble in the process of inspecting the cruiser. He repeatedly verified the design of the Germans in order to avoid the problems of the "Jiyuan" ship. For example, on the issue of waterline armor belts, the Germans tried to borrow from the Russian practice of using 6 inches (152 mm) thick full-length waterline armor belts in the construction of cruisers to solve the problems of hull stability and protection.
For this reason, the Germans for the first time used the method of splicing two separate armor belts from top to bottom to form a waterline armor belt, setting up armor belts with a total height of 7.5 feet (2.286 meters). The belt is 9.5 inches (241.3 mm) thick at the top and 5.25 inches (133.35 mm) at the bottom. For example, the new cruiser added watertight compartments, placed four boilers separately in two boiler compartments, which increased the distance between the boilers, set up two chimneys to exhaust smoke, and changed the two main engines to triple expansion reciprocating steam engines. Due to the need to increase the amount of coal loaded, as well as to increase the power of the engine, the volume of the power components increased, the hull was further lengthened, and the displacement was further increased.
In addition, in terms of armament, in order to prevent the gunner from being killed or injured after the closed gun cover is penetrated by the shell, a semi-closed gun shield design with an open rear is adopted. Earrings were set on both sides, and a 150 mm caliber gun was installed on each side. After some efforts, on September 19, 1885, Xu Jingcheng initialed the order contract for two cruisers with the German Volkeng shipyard, stipulating that from the date of initialing the contract, the first ship would be built within 18 months, and the second ship would be built within 21 months. Li Hongzhang sent Chen Heqing, the head of Fujian shipbuilding craftsmen, to Germany to inspect materials, and the apprentices Qiu Tu'an and Zeng Zongying went to Germany to supervise the work. Xu Jingcheng reported to Li Hongzhang that the two ships were widened and lengthened according to the "Jiyuan" style, with waterline armor and a double-layer bottom.
He also said that such a modification was very well-thought-out, increasing the displacement, while the speed did not change. It's just that the construction cost increased by 470,000 marks per ship, or more than 80,000 taels of silver, for a total increase of more than 160,000 taels. Li Hongzhang very much agreed with this adjustment and reported to the Prime Minister's Naval Affairs Yamen, hoping that the additional 160,000 taels of silver would be allocated on time and evenly paid by HSBC Bank in the interest deposit. The emperor quickly agreed to Li Hongzhang's request and instructed the household department to raise funds according to the amount.
In September 1886, Li Hongzhang named the two cruisers "Jingyuan" and "Laiyuan". At this time, when Germany was seeking the development of the navy, Volken Shipyard actively planned to build ironclad ships for the navy, providing Hug with the opportunity to display his talents, he successfully designed and built Germany's first domestic ironclad ship "Prussia", and Volken Shipyard became a famous shipyard in the world to build ironclad ships. The three warships of the Beiyang Navy, "Dingyuan", "Zhenyuan" and "Jiyuan", were all built by this shipyard.
In January 1887, the "Jingyuan" and "Laiyuan" ships were completed. The warship is 82.4 meters long, 11.99 meters wide, 5.11 meters draft, 2,900 tons of displacement, 5,800 horsepower (about 4,263,000 watts), and 15.5 knots. Two 210 mm Krupp main guns are installed in the bow, two 150 mm Krupp guns are installed on both side ears, and two 47 mm Haggekis 5-barrel guns, five 37 mm Haggekis 5-barrel guns, and one 47 mm rapid-fire gun are installed on the mast, bow, stern, and sides. In addition, it was equipped with 50 Mauser rifles and 40 Webley revolvers. These data are all determined on the basis of the management and pilot diaries of the "Laiyuan" ship of the same class as the "Jingyuan" ship, which have been discovered in recent years.
Mauser rifles
In March 1887, Li Hongzhang ordered the Admiral Lang Weili to send the Prime Minister to pick up the ship, the deputy general Deng Shichang took the No. 1 clipper, and the capital secretary Ye Zuqi, Lin Yongsheng and the garrison Qiu Baoren took the second, third, and fourth clippers, and led more than 400 people, including Ben and sailors, to take the China Merchants steamer to Britain and Germany to receive the ship. On August 23, 1887, "Jingyuan" and "Laiyuan" sailed from Germany to Portsmouth Military Port in England, where they joined the ships "Zhiyuan" and "Jingyuan". On the 24th, China and Britain exchanged diplomas. On the 25th, Luang Weili and others boarded the ships to inspect and expressed their satisfaction.
On 12 September, the four ships "Zhiyuan", "Jingyuan", "Jingyuan", and "Laiyuan" and the "Left Team One" torpedo boat (towed by the "Laiyuan") took anchor and left the port of Portsmouth, England, to return to China under the leadership of Luang Weili. On the way home, the four ships entered the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel, continued through the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean, then crossed the Suez Canal into the Red Sea, then entered the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Mande, crossed the Indian Ocean and then crossed the Strait of Malacca. Lin Yongsheng used the report on the trial trials of the "Yuan" ship to supplement the rank of Du Si.
After the 4th ship passed through the Strait of Malacca, it was ordered to pay a visit to Singapore and stayed for 7 days, where Deng Shichang and other generals participated in various welcoming and celebratory activities held by local overseas Chinese. After the event, the 4 ships arrived in Xiamen in December, and Ding Ruchang led all the ships of his department to Xiamen to meet with Lang Weili for acceptance one by one. In the spring of the following year, Ding Ruchang led 4 ships to the north and was officially incorporated into the Beiyang Fleet. On April 25, 1888, the 4th ship arrived in Dagu, Tianjin. Ten days later, Li Hongzhang personally boarded the warships to inspect them and led his staff to go to sea to inspect the ships, and he was very satisfied with the performance of these warships.
On June 6, 1888, Li Hongzhang asked for a commendation for the relevant personnel who accepted and took the four cruisers back to China, Lin Yongsheng and awarded the "Yuyong Baturu" Yong, Qiu Baoren and the "Jinyong Baturu" Yong, and the British and German personnel were also rewarded. In October, the "Beiyang Navy Regulations" was promulgated, marking the official establishment of the Beiyang Navy. In accordance with the provisions of the "Beiyang Navy Regulations", the Beiyang Navy was organized into three routes: the middle army, the left wing, and the right wing, with three warships on each road, and one warship was one battalion. The "Jingyuan" has an establishment of 202 officers and men.
Lin Yongsheng
After the Beiyang Navy was formed, the "Jingyuan" ship carried out many important tasks under the leadership of Lin Yongsheng. In January 1890, Beiyang Navy Admiral Ding Ruchang and Lang Weili led the Beiyang Navy ships south to Xiamen for the winter. In March, on the orders of Li Hongzhang, they led six main warships, "Dingyuan", "Zhenyuan", "Zhiyuan", "Jiyuan", "Jingyuan", and "Laiyuan," to patrol various countries in the South Seas to comfort overseas Chinese and show the strength of the Beiyang Navy. Ding Ruchang led the ships on a 13-day visit to Singapore. The significance of this visit is very different from the last visit of the four ships, and Singapore's "Ratcha Pao" commented in a monograph: "Today, we will choose their elite to patrol the oceans, and there are as many as six ships in total." The essence of the instrument and the prosperity of the banner have been felt to be very different, which makes the Lijiang dry and the watchers dance for it.
This is the march of China's revitalization, and Xun is full of color for my Chinese people. In December 1890, Ding Ruchang led five ships, "Dingyuan", "Zhenyuan", "Jiyuan", "Jingyuan" and "Laiyuan", to patrol the South Seas and repair the bottom of the ship. From May 23 to June 9, 1891, Li Hongzhang reviewed the Beiyang Navy, and Admiral Ding Ruchang led the ships of the "Dingyuan", "Zhenyuan", "Jiyuan", "Zhiyuan", "Jingyuan", "Jingyuan", "Laiyuan", "Chaoyong", "Yangwei", "Pingyuan", "Kangji", "Weiyuan" and "Guangjia" ships to go to the sea. Just after the end of the Great Parade, the Beiyang Navy visited Japan again, and the "Jingyuan" ship was in the formation of the Japanese visitor.
In late June 1892, Ding Ruchang, the admiral of the Beiyang Navy, led six warships, "Dingyuan", "Zhiyuan", "Jingyuan", "Jingyuan", "Laiyuan" and "Weiyuan", from Shanghai to Nagasaki, Japan, for his third visit to Japan. In March 1894, Ding Ruchang led the Beiyang Navy ships "Dingyuan", "Jingyuan", "Jingyuan" and "Laiyuan" to visit Singapore for the third time, which lasted more than 20 days.
From May 7 to 27, Li Hongzhang once again reviewed the Beiyang Navy. Admiral Ding Ruchang commanded nine warships, namely "Dingyuan," "Zhenyuan," "Jiyuan," "Zhiyuan," "Jingyuan," "Jingyuan," "Laiyuan," "Chaoyong," and "Yangwei," to participate in the exercise, and on 18 May they fired torpedoes at Qingniwa, all of which were able to hit their targets. Then, the sea target shooting was carried out, and each ship fired at long-distance targets while driving, which not only had a fast launch speed, but also had a high hit rate. The "Jingyuan" ship fired a total of 16 shells, 15 of which hit. The night drill, the guns of all ships fired concurrently, and the start and end were the same, which made Li Hongzhang very satisfied.
Nearly two months after the end of this exercise, the Sino-Japanese War broke out, and the "Jingyuan" ship was put into operation.
On July 25, 1894, the Battle of Toshima broke out, and the Chinese and Japanese navies entered a state of war. Ding Ruchang led the main force of the Beiyang Navy to go to sea for six cruises, and the "Jingyuan" ship played an important role. On 17 September, the Sino-Japanese naval battle in the Yellow Sea broke out, and the "Jingyuan" was in the third squadron of the Beiyang Navy's "Cracked Fish Penetrating Formation" in the enemy's receiving formation. At 12:50, the naval battle began, and the signal rigging of the flagship "Dingyuan" was destroyed by Japanese ships, and the Beiyang Fleet lost its unified command and was in a state of fighting separately.
Under the leadership of Lin Yongsheng, the "Jingyuan" ship launched an attack on the Japanese ship. Beginning at 14:30, the First Guerrilla Force of the Japanese Combined Fleet and its own squadron formed a flanking attack on the Beiyang Fleet, resulting in the "Laiyuan", "Pingyuan", "Guangbing", "Zhiyuan", and "Jingyuan" catching fire one after another, and the "Zhenyuan" being shot in many places. At 15:30, the "Zhiyuan" ship was sunk by the Japanese ship. Soon, Fang Boqian led the "Jiyuan" ship to flee the battlefield. At this time, "Jingyuan," "Laiyuan," and "Jingyuan" were all wounded, and "Jingyuan" was hit by more than 100 bullets, and its combat effectiveness was seriously reduced.
Under these circumstances, the "Jingyuan," "Laiyuan," and "Jingyuan" warships led their ships either in the direction of Olushima or in the direction of the coast, trying to sail to the shallow water area to save themselves, rescue the wounded, and put out fires and plug leaks. Seeing that most of the main warships of the Beiyang Fleet had left the battlefield, Tsuboi Komitsu, commander of the First Guerrilla Group of the Japanese Combined Fleet, led his squadron to pursue the Chinese warships in the direction of evasion after sinking the "Zhiyuan." After sailing some distance, Tsuboi Kozo found that the "Jingyuan", which had already ignited a fire, was still burning fiercely at this time, and slowly approached the coast, while the "Jingyuan" and "Laiyuan" sailed towards Oshikashima. Tsuboi hang
With one enemy and four generals, the "Jingyuan" ship
Sansui decided to pursue "Jingyuan" first, so he measured the location of "Yoshino", found out the depth of the water, increased his speed, and pursued fiercely all the way. When "Yoshino" was 2,500 meters away from the "warp distance," the captain of the ship, Kawara, ordered the cannon to open fire, and when it approached 1,800 meters, the shelling became even more intense. "Jingyuan" pipe belt Lin Yongsheng is not afraid of danger, facing the crazy enemy, calmly coping, and stubbornly fighting back. Suddenly, a shell hit the "Jingyuan" ship, and Lin Yongsheng was hit in the head by shrapnel and died on the spot. After Lin Yongsheng was killed, "Jingyuan" helped lead the first mate Chen Rong and the second deputy Chen Jingying to assume the responsibility of commanding the operation, and also died heroically. At 17:05, "Jingyuan" turned to the east, and at this time, the remaining three ships of the First Guerrilla Group also arrived one after another, and continued to besiege "Jingyuan" together with "Yoshino". The fire from the "Jingyuan" had spread to the entire ship, and the hull was tilted to the port side. Soon after, the port bow of the "Jingyuan" sank, and its starboard thruster was exposed to the water, and the thruster was still rotating because the machine continued to run.
Judging from the Japanese warship, the "Jingyuan" ship was full of lightning and flames. The armor on the port side waterline was cracked and fell off, the hull was flooded, and it capsized and sank to the left at 17:29, and the sinking site was in the sea area near the old manshi south of Heidao in Zhuanghe, Dalian. Lu Yuying, the "Guangjia" pipe wheel, described the sinking process of "Jingyuan" in his memoirs, saying that when "Jingyuan" was submerged in the water, two plumes of smoke rushed out of the water surface, which was the last smoke and dust coming out of the "Jingyuan" chimney. Except for 16 people who were rescued, all the rest of the ship were martyred. At present, the names of the dead can be found, in addition to Lin Yongsheng, Chen Rong, and Chen Jingying, there are also 50 people including the first mate Li Lianfen.
In the process of underwater archaeology at the site of the "Jingyuan" ship, some people have put forward some different views based on the determined location and the cultural relics out of the water. For example, at around 16 o'clock on September 17, 1894, the battered ship "Jingyuan" prepared to storm the beach, but instead of choosing nearby Oshikashima, it sailed in the direction of Dalian's Zhuanghe Kuroshima Island, with the aim of diverting the four cruisers of the Japanese No. 1 guerrilla group, "Yoshino," "Akitsuzu," "Takachiho," and "Naniwa," which had the strongest combat effectiveness. In this area, the "Jingyuan" ship rushed to the beach at Old Man Rock at full speed and tried to turn the starboard side. Unfortunately, when turning the rudder, it may capsize due to excessive maneuvering. The imagination of the proponents of this idea is rich enough to depict details such as "trying to turn the starboard side", but unfortunately it is only imagination and has no historical basis.
What's more, in the underwater archaeology of the "Jingyuan" ship's ruins, archaeologists salvaged 74 bullets from the bow of the "Jingyuan" ship, and some people say that rifles did not play any role in the battle of the ironclad ship. However, the scene at that time can be restored through the final collision of the "Jingyuan": the officers and men of the "Jingyuan" hope to be able to board the enemy ship and use their last strength to fight to the death and capture the enemy ship. However, before reaching a distance where the enemy ship could be boarded, the "Jingyuan" ship was unfortunately sunk.
This view is pure nonsense. Not to mention whether the "Jingyuan" ship had a collision move, even if there was such a move, it would not have been possible to "board the enemy ship" by ramming. As a matter of fact, the reason why the "Jingyuan" crossed Daludao and headed for the waters off Heidao in the Zhuanghe River in Dalian was an evasive act when it was seriously injured and basically lost its combat effectiveness, and it had no other intention. The discovery of rifle bullets at the bow of the ship shows that the officers and men of the "Jingyuan" used rifles to shoot at Japanese ships during naval battles, and this is a normal mode of warfare, and it is impossible to board an enemy ship to carry out a "gang jumping" battle in modern ironclad warship battles like ancient naval battles.
The "Jingyuan" made great sacrifices in the naval battle, and more than 100 officers and men of the ship sank with the ship. Among these officers and soldiers who sacrificed their lives, the martyrdom of Lin Yongsheng and Chen Jingying and other officers is undoubtedly the most singable and weeping. On September 28, 1894, Emperor Guangxu issued an edict in accordance with Li Hongzhang's report: In the battle of Dadonggou, the Japanese ships were seriously wounded, and the soldiers of "Zhenyuan" and "Dingyuan" fought hard. A few days later, Li Hongzhang proposed a compensatory proposal for the martyred generals: "Jingyuan" was promoted to the deputy general of the left wing of the left battalion of the general army, Muqin Batulu Lin Yongsheng, who was the first to advance and died the most fiercely. The rest of the wounded, wounded, and wounded should be ascertained, and they should be rewarded according to the rules.
Lin Yongsheng, the word Zhongqing, Fujian Houguan. In 1867, he was admitted to the Fujian Shipbuilding School to learn to drive, with excellent results, and after graduation, he was sent to the "Jianwei" to train ships, and in 1875, he was sent to the "Yangwu" to train ships. In 1877, as one of the first batch of naval students sent by China to Europe, he was admitted to the Royal Naval College Greenwich in England for further study with excellent results, where he studied battle formations and the art of war, and his grades were repeatedly excellent. In 1878, he was sent aboard the British Navy's ironclad "Manadoo" to cruise the Mediterranean. In 1880, Lin Yongsheng's study period in Britain expired, and after returning to China, he was promoted to the rank of director of Beibeijiadu, and was transferred to Beiyang by Li Hongzhang, the minister of Beiyang, to lead the "Zhenzhong" gunboat. In 1885, Lin Yongsheng was transferred to the "Kangji" training ship pipe belt, and then sent to Korea to deal with international affairs, and was promoted to Hualing Dusi. In 1887, he was sent to Europe to pick up the four cruisers ordered in Britain and Germany, and after returning to China, he served as the "Jingyuan" ship management belt and was promoted to the deputy general of the left battalion of the left wing of the Beiyang Navy.
After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese First Sino-Japanese War, Lin Yongsheng led his soldiers to practice day and night, talking about the art of seeking jobs and guarding, and telling his subordinates and soldiers with great righteousness, and everyone who heard it was moved. When the Battle of the Yellow Sea was about to start, Lin Yongsheng removed all the wooden ladders leading to the cabin to prevent the officers and soldiers from retreating. At the same time, the dragon flag is hung on the top of the mast to show the determination to fight to the death. After Lin Yongsheng was killed, he was given preferential treatment according to the admiral's regulations, and posthumously presented the prince Shaobao, the hereditary cavalry lieutenant and Yiyun cavalry lieutenant. Later generations commented that Lin Yongsheng had a gentle temperament and was very measured in his dealings with people. He was very kind to his subordinates, and never reprimanded them in front of everyone, so his subordinates established a deep affection with him, and were willing to live and die with him. In the Battle of the Yellow Sea, Lin Yongsheng and Deng Shichang were the most brave and desperate in battle, so both of them were posthumously awarded the crown prince Shaobao.
Chen Jingying and her family letters
Chen Jingying, a native of Min County, Fujian, entered the Tianjin Sailor School in 1880 and was the first student of the school. After graduating, he went to "Weiyuan" to train ships and trainees, and was awarded the general manager. In 1887, the Qing government completed the construction of four ships including the "Jingyuan" in Britain and Germany, and Li Hongzhang ordered Ding Ruchang to lead a receiving team to Britain and Germany to receive them, and Chen Jingying went to Germany as a team member to receive the guns of the "Jingyuan" ship and help them pilot. At the end of that year, the "Jingyuan" ship came to China, and Chen Jingying served as the second officer of the ship's pilot, and was promoted to the rank of thousand-thousand. In 1889, the Prime Minister's Naval Affairs Yamen established a vacancy in the Beiyang Navy, and promoted Chen Jingying to the left wing of the left battalion. In 1894, Li Hongzhang was ordered to parade the Beiyang Navy, Chen Jingying performed well, and Li Hongzhang reported his Hualing Division. In September of the same year, the Battle of the Yellow Sea between the Chinese and Japanese Navies broke out, and on the eve of the expedition with the ship, Chen Jingying wrote a letter to her father, who was almost old, so that people could understand the feelings of a young officer of the Beiyang Navy. Judging from the handwriting and tone of the original letter, it is clear that he wrote it in two parts, and we may as well divide it into two parts.
Front Partial Copying:
Father's Blessing: Respectfully, the previous book was in a state of mind (panic), so the provocation was not fully detailed, and it is hereby re-recorded. Japan has coveted Goryeo for a long time. The bandits are in turmoil, the high soldiers are defeated, and they are about to reach the royal city, which is in danger. King Gao asked for help in China, and China was in trouble with troops. Japan took this opportunity to raise troops and called Baoshang, which was actually encroachment. At present, there are more than 20,000 Japanese soldiers, carrying mines, pontoon bridges, and other equipment, erecting forts and barracks. First, Goryeo is not allowed to belong to China; Second, it is said to be an axe (kettle) mountain; Three said to Juwen Island; Fourth, it is said that the military cost is 250,000 yuan; Fifth, it is said that Hancheng is a quasi-Japanese garrison.
If you don't do what you want, decide to fight. And this time the middle hall presented an edict, personally to the Great Parade Navy, Fang played the Beiyang Navy drill skillful, very effective, awards and other words, should not play peace, must ask for war. The commander of the navy and the army battalion also repeatedly asked for war, but the emperor thought that this year was the 60th birthday of the queen mother, and he did not want to use troops, and he repeatedly told him to value peace. Therefore, Zhongtang first entrusted the Russian Qin to mediate, but Japan did not listen; Later, he did not listen to the Yingde Qincha, and it was necessary to use the above five paragraphs. However, these five paragraphs are impossible for China to follow, and I am afraid that we will fight in the future. In my humble opinion, China can wield eighty percent of the right to win in land warfare, cover China with many soldiers, and can be connected by land, and can be successively helped; However, the naval battle only exercised 30% of the power, and there were more Japanese warships, while China only had a few ships in the Beiyang
It can be used for naval warfare, and the South Seas and the provinces send ships, not without special exercises, and the ships are like glass. In recent years, Taixi ordnance has changed with each passing day, becoming more and more strange, agile and violent, and ingenious (work), so I can't try it. When two armies fight, they will be defeated; That is, there are no more than three out of ten victors, and if the naval battle is even worse. Therefore, in recent years, Britain and Russia, Germany and France, because of the old provocation of the two generals to go to war, finally did not dare to try. Beiyang Benren and others, knowing the current situation, and thinking about the car in front of the Majiang River, are all trembling, but they have always been knighted, and they can't retreat, but they are just ready to die. Those who have families in Weihai will be ......
In this part, Chen Jingying analyzed the situation of the Sino-Japanese war, predicted the inevitability of the outbreak of a large-scale naval war, and especially explained her judgment on the strength of the Chinese and Japanese army and navy, believing that the probability of the Qing army winning the land war accounted for 80 percent, while the probability of winning the naval battle was only 30 percent. His viewpoint represents the understanding of the strength of China and Japan by some officers and men of the Beiyang Navy, and at the same time reveals their mentality of "thinking about the horses and rivers in front of the war, and they are all trembling." But in front of her father, Chen Jingying still expressed her determination to die. Judging from the original letters, this part of the text is neatly written, the tone is calm and clear, and it is obvious that it was completed in a calm state. What is surprising is that when the last sentence of this passage talks about "those who have families in Weihai", only the word "Jiangyi" was written and stopped abruptly, as if it was suddenly interrupted by an urgent matter. So, what was the urgency that caused Chen Jingying to suddenly put down her pen? Chen Jingying made it clear at the beginning of the latter part:
Father, Lord Fu'an: Respectfully, I hereby receive a call from Zhongtang to summon the whole army to go to Gao at one o'clock tomorrow afternoon, I don't know why. However, there is always one death. Children and children are created by the court (court), awarded to garrison, this year's big reading, and ensure the use of the capital, and reward the flower feathers, Mu Guoen can not be said to be not generous! If there is something in the country, it should be loyal, and this is the duty of the minister, and the husband has to die on the battlefield. My father's adult will be Gu Xi (rare), if this happens, he will be extremely sad, and his son will know the details. But loyalty can not be filial piety, although loyalty to the filial piety as a rhetoric, and the sin of unfilial piety, it is always difficult to escape the world! However, although the Xiuguan year is still young, he can't stay for a long time, and the younger brothers and the spring official will be weak, and they can start a business to provide water for the silence. Don't think of your child. And the harmony between the upper and lower levels of the family is precious, so that the children will not be worried underground! If you talk about good fortune, you can win, and you can get lucky, and you should report the good news again. Thankfully, this is a blessing!
Er Jingying and Yu.
Chen Jingying told her father that the reason why the letter was interrupted was that "I hereby received a call from Zhongtang and summoned the whole army to go to Gao at 1 p.m. tomorrow," indicating that the situation was urgent and they had to make preparations for the sea. Next, Chen Jingying's handwriting began to scribble, and the content of the report to his father also focused on the meaning he wanted to express the most, which was about the loyalty and filial piety of a navy soldier. Because he knew that the upcoming naval battle was a naval battle with little chance of victory, and the letter in front of him was likely to be the "last letter" he left to his father. Therefore, he had to express his guilt for not being able to fulfill his filial piety to his father in order to gain his father's forgiveness and self-comfort. Perhaps to comfort her father, or perhaps she still has a glimmer of hope in her heart, Chen Jingying wrote at the end of the letter: "If you talk about good fortune, you can win, and you can get lucky, and you should report the good news again." ”
All in all, Chen Jingying's letter shows a traditional Chinese soldier's loyalty to the country and filial piety to his parents, which makes us deeply feel the feelings of the Chinese nation for the family and country that have been precipitated in the blood of the soldiers for thousands of years, and the helplessness of the war, the determination to be loyal, and the regret of unfilial piety are vividly displayed on the paper, showing the complicated mental journey of the officers and men of the Beiyang Navy in the face of war. However, it is a pity that Chen Jingying did not wait for the moment of "victory", "luck" and "good news" as he said in his letter to his family, and he will never be able to wait for this moment.