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In the 19th century, from the observation conditions at that time, the composition of matter should have more than the atomic layer, so scientists divided the atom into three subparticles: protons, neutrons and electrons, and believed that protons and neutrons were composed of smaller quantum particles.
It wasn't until the 20th century that quantum mechanics was born in physics, and in 1938, physicists Planck and Fermi called the limit particles of matter "Planck particles".
They believed that the Planck particle was the smallest particle that made up matter, and that matter could no longer be divided, otherwise the double digit would be broken and the material world would be an element in the nucleus.
So why can't matter be divided indefinitely?
Segmentation of matter.
It is known that matter is made up of molecules, which in turn are made up of atoms.
Matter has evolved from the atomic level to the molecular level, which has actually been divided many times.
Before the 20th century, people thought that the atom was the most basic unit of matter, but people discovered that there were subatomic particles in the world that were smaller than atoms, so the idea of further dividing the atom was born.
After more than 100 years of exploration, scientists have indeed found the smaller subatomic particles that make up matter – protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Among them, the mass of the electrons is very small and negligible.
The mass of both protons and neutrons can be tens of thousands of times the mass of electrons.
Protons and neutrons have been studied and found to be made up of smaller particles, just like atoms.
Protons are made up of smaller particles, quarks, while neutrons are made up of both quarks and protons.
So, are there smaller quantum particles between quarks and protons and neutrons?
The source of the Planck length.
There must be smaller quantum particles between quarks and protons, but because people lack a basic theory of the material world, people can't conclude all this, can't make an objective judgment on all this, and the only thing that can be sure is that there are smaller quantum particles between quarks and protons and neutrons.
In 1938, Fermi proposed a new quantum theory with the courage to challenge all difficult problems.
In this paper, Fermi proposes the latest proposal for the construction of the material world, arguing that the limit particles of matter should be composed of three kinds of particles called quarks, which are the most basic particles that make up matter.
And in 1938, Planck, another physicist, also proposed that the limit particles of matter should be made up of a type called the "Planck particle", which is the most basic particle for building matter.
It is impossible to tell which of these two particles is the smallest particle that makes up matter, but Planck deduced the limit particle size of this particle with his unique thinking, and he believed that the size of the quark cannot be divided, and the division of the quark will cause the collapse of matter, and the consequences are unimaginable.
In Planck's inference, there is not only one type of particle, but three different particles, and there is only one difference between these three particles, which is the size of the particle.
Planck believes that although quantum mechanics is a new mechanical theory, it does not cover all fields, and it has a niche, that is, particle systems with high kinetic energy.
In this paper, Planck deduced that a particle with an accuracy of 10^-35 meters is the Planck particle.
This particle is also the smallest particle that builds matter, and Planck calls the size of this particle "Planck length".
So when exactly did Planck length come up?
People didn't know the size of quarks at first, only knew that quarks were the smallest particles that built matter, and later when scientists divided matter, they found that quarks have a certain size, the size range is 10^-19 meters, and the smaller the size of quarks, the deeper the absorption of energy.
Therefore, people call the size of the quark "quark length", and the quark length is smaller than the atomic nucleus, if the length of the quark is smaller, it will break the atomic nucleus, thus forming a new particle system, this new particle system has its own unique mechanical laws, and it is very difficult to study.
The limit particle of matter.
In the new particle system, the new particle system has new particles, and these new particles are the most basic particles that build a new material world, and this kind of particle is the most basic particle that builds a new matter.
And this new particle system will not be subject to the mechanical laws of the new quantum mechanics, but by the mechanical laws of classical mechanics.
Therefore, the size of the quark particle is greater than 10^-19 meters, which is smaller than the size of the nucleus.
Planck calls the size of a quark the Planck length, and the Planck length is greater than 10^-35 meters, which is smaller than the length of the quark.
So, is there a length between quark length and Planck length?
The answer is no, these two lengths have already divided matter into the smallest particle, and it can no longer be divided, and matter will no longer remain stable.
Quarks are already indivisible, and dividing quarks will break matter, and people will not exist.
Therefore, Planck particles are the most basic particles that build matter.
There are no particles between quarks and protons and neutrons.
Only Planck particles can be resolved, so the length between quarks and protons and neutrons is 10^-35 meters, and 30-35 meters is also the length of Planck particles.
Therefore, the Planck particle is the smallest particle that builds matter, and no matter how small it is, it will break the stability, and a new particle system will be formed, and the formation of a new particle system will be difficult to study.
epilogue
Since there are no particles between quarks and protons and neutrons, people have set their lengths at 10^-35 meters, which is also the length of Planck particles.
Therefore, the size of the Planck particle is the smallest particle from which matter is built.
On the one hand, the length of Planck particles is greater than 10^-35 meters and less than 30-35 meters, and on the other hand, the length of 30-35 meters cannot be observed by an ordinary microscope at all, so this length does not exist.
In Planck's inference, there is not only one type of particle, but three different particles, and there is only one difference between these three particles, which is the size of the particle.
Planck believes that although quantum mechanics is a new mechanical theory, it does not cover all fields, and it has a niche, that is, particle systems with high kinetic energy.
In this paper, Planck deduced that a particle with an accuracy of 10^-35 meters is the Planck particle.
This particle is also the smallest particle that builds matter, and Planck calls the size of this particle "Planck length".
So when exactly did Planck length come up?
People didn't know the size of quarks at first, only knew that quarks were the smallest particles that built matter, and later when scientists divided matter, they found that quarks have a certain size, the size range is 10^-19 meters, and the smaller the size of quarks, the deeper the absorption of energy.
Therefore, people call the size of the quark "quark length", and the quark length is smaller than the atomic nucleus, if the length of the quark is smaller, it will break the atomic nucleus, thus forming a new particle system, this new particle system has its own unique mechanical laws, and it is very difficult to study.
The limit particle of matter.
In the new particle system, the new particle system has new particles, and these new particles are the most basic particles that build a new material world, and this kind of particle is the most basic particle that builds a new matter.
And this new particle system will not be subject to the mechanical laws of the new quantum mechanics, but by the mechanical laws of classical mechanics.
Therefore, the size of the quark particle is greater than 10^-19 meters, which is smaller than the size of the nucleus.
Planck calls the size of a quark the Planck length, and the Planck length is greater than 10^-35 meters, which is smaller than the length of the quark.
So, is there a length between quark length and Planck length?
The answer is no, these two lengths have already divided matter into the smallest particle, and it can no longer be divided, and matter will no longer remain stable.
Quarks are already indivisible, and dividing quarks will break matter, and people will not exist.
Therefore, Planck particles are the most basic particles that build matter.
There are no particles between quarks and protons and neutrons.
Only Planck particles can be resolved, so the length between quarks and protons and neutrons is 10^-35 meters, and 30-35 meters is also the length of Planck particles.
Therefore, the Planck particle is the smallest particle that builds matter, and no matter how small it is, it will break the stability, and a new particle system will be formed, and the formation of a new particle system will be difficult to study.
epilogue
Since there are no particles between quarks and protons and neutrons, people have set their lengths at 10^-35 meters, which is also the length of Planck particles.
Therefore, the size of the Planck particle is the smallest particle from which matter is built.
On the one hand, the length of Planck particles is greater than 10^-35 meters and less than 30-35 meters, and on the other hand, the length of 30-35 meters cannot be observed by an ordinary microscope at all, so this length does not exist.