In the past few days, the high temperature in the south has developed rapidly, due to the precipitation in the early stage
The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Jiangnan, South China and other places have entered the "cooking mode" dominated by humidity and heat
In hot and humid weather, people's body temperature is higher, which not only poses a threat to health, but also brings a lot of inconvenience to daily life. What are the precautions against hot and humid weather?
What should I pay attention to when it comes to diet?
In the scorching summer, in the Meiyuan Landscape Recreation Valley Water Park in Yan'an, Shaanxi, parents take their children to swim and play in the water. Photo/Wen Wang Chunlei
Heat wave is coming, beware of "high temperature disease"
The solar term has arrived, which means that the hottest and humid phase of the year has begun. At this time, some heat diseases will "take advantage of the void".
"Heat stroke is gradual." Dong Yezi, director of the emergency medicine department of Beijing Haidian Hospital, said that heat stroke is roughly divided into three categories: precursor heat stroke, mild heat stroke and severe heat stroke, among which severe heat stroke is divided into heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
The clinical response of patients with threatened heat stroke is mainly manifested as tinnitus, dizziness, dizziness, nausea, thirst, weakness, numbness in the limbs, palpitation, inattention, uncoordinated movements, low-grade fever and other symptoms in a high temperature environment. If these symptoms are not treated in time, it will develop into mild heat stroke, which is mainly manifested by flushing or paleness, increased sweating, decreased blood pressure, and orthostatic dizziness. In contrast, the clinical response of patients with severe heat stroke is more detailed, and heat cramps are manifested as transient and intermittent muscle cramps during or after activity; Heat exhaustion is manifested by profuse sweating, headache, extreme thirst, nausea and vomiting, high body temperature, orthostatic hypotension, or syncope; The most severe symptoms of heat stroke are high fever, coma and other impaired consciousness, and damage to multiple organ systems.
In addition to heat stroke, the "Guidelines for Public Health Protection against High Temperature and Heat Waves" issued by the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention mentioned that three key groups, such as sensitive groups, patients with chronic underlying diseases, and outdoor workers, should also be vigilant against other health problems.
Since June 9, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, has suffered the first round of continuous high temperature weather this year. The picture shows the business personnel of the State Grid Hengshui Power Supply Company inspecting and maintaining the power supply line Figure/Guo Jiewen/Gao Chunxue
In high temperature and humidity weather, the human body will sweat a lot in order to maintain the stability of body temperature, causing an increase in heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption, and a large amount of water loss will lead to an increase in blood viscosity, which may cause myocardial ischemia and hypoxia or cardiac dysfunction. Dong Yezi reminded that children should try to carry out outdoor activities in the shade in the morning and evening, pregnant women and the elderly should stay in a cool room as much as possible, replenish water and electrolytes in time, and keep the room ventilated; Patients with chronic underlying diseases should drink water frequently and appropriately; Outdoor workers should arrange their working hours reasonably to prevent occupational heat stroke.
Heavy rain turns to hot weather, to prevent mosquito bites and food poisoning
After a rainstorm, food tends to mold or spoil quickly in hot weather, and wild mushrooms grow rapidly, so it is important to prevent food poisoning.
Before eating food, first observe whether the food is moldy, do not eat food that has been soaked in floodwater, and do not eat moldy, spoiled and spoiled food. To cook food thoroughly, store raw and cooked food separately. Also, don't pick wild vegetables and wild mushrooms indiscriminately.
If suspected poisoning occurs, the consumption of suspicious food should be stopped immediately, vomiting should be induced as soon as possible, and the gastric contents should be discharged to reduce the absorption of toxins and damage to the body, and be sent to the hospital for treatment in time for symptomatic treatment.
When heavy rain turns to high temperatures, snakes, rats and other animals migrate in the affected areas, so try to avoid snakes and rats-infested areas, such as grass, shrubs and woods. If you are accidentally bitten by a venomous snake, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.
As the temperature and humidity rise, mosquitoes are also becoming more and more active, wearing short sleeves and shorts, and the skin is exposed, which is easy to be "bitten". In addition to redness, itching, and pain at the bite site, some bites can also transmit insect-borne diseases.
When it is necessary to carry out field activities due to production or disaster relief, wear long pants and overboots, and apply mosquito repellent to avoid exposed skin. Personal protection can be carried out through the use of window screens, mosquito nets, mosquito control equipment, insecticides, etc., as well as insecticide treatment of furniture, textiles and pets in the environment. For example, bed bugs can live in crevices in beds, walls, and furniture, and fleas can live in crevices in textiles. Spraying insecticides can help kill parasites in furniture, and hot water soaking above 70°C can effectively kill parasites and eggs in textiles.
If you are often "bitten", you can also apply insect repellent containing insect repellent ingredients such as DEET or picaridin on the unbroken skin of the exposed area or the part that has been repeatedly bitten, and the topical product containing DEET 10% can be safely used on the skin of infants and young children over 2 months old, which can effectively prevent mosquito bites.
High temperature and humidity, poor appetite? Please check this dietary guide
With the advent of summer, high temperature and high humidity weather are becoming more frequent. Under the summer heat, people are easily tired, and sometimes they feel "no appetite" even for eating. So, how to arrange a summer diet to be both healthy and cool off?
Eat a light diet. In summer, the weather is hot, people are prone to lack of energy, and their appetite deteriorates, this phenomenon is called "bitter summer". "In a high-temperature environment, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal system is enhanced, and the gastrointestinal tract is in a state of relative ischemia, the digestive gland function is reduced, and the secretion of digestive juices such as saliva, gastric juice, bile, and intestinal juice is reduced." Li Yuan, a traditional Chinese medicine doctor at the China Meteorological Administration Hospital, said that the central nervous system also has an impact on appetite. When the body temperature rises, nerve conduction transmits high-temperature stimuli to the thermoregulatory center, which in turn has an inhibitory effect on the feeding center, resulting in a decrease in food intake.
Therefore, it is advisable to eat a light diet in summer. "In summer, you can choose easily digestible foods such as porridge, noodles, and soup as staple foods, which can effectively relieve gastrointestinal discomfort and help the body better adapt to the high temperature environment." Li Yuan said.
However, in order to ensure a light diet, some people fall into the misunderstanding of "only drinking porridge and eating vegetables, not meat". "It's not the right thing to do." Li Yuan said that a light diet refers to less oil and salt when stir-frying, not "not eating meat", if you don't eat any meat is not conducive to your health, you can choose lean meat, fish and milk to ensure balanced nutrition.
Be particular about drinking water. As the temperature rises, the amount of sweating in the human body increases significantly, and it is necessary to replenish water in time to maintain the balance of metabolism in the body. Therefore, scientific drinking water has become an important "health class" in summer.
Drink plenty of water, not too much or too little. The daily water intake can be increased or decreased according to age, temperature, labor or exercise, sweating, etc. The Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2022) recommends that the appropriate daily water intake for adult males with low physical activity levels should be 1,700 ml in mild climates. The appropriate daily water intake for women is 1500 ml.
"People sweat a lot in summer, so they can increase their water intake appropriately according to their daily physical activities and environment." Li Yuan introduced that remember to overdose or overeat ice water, ice drinks, etc., which is easy to damage the spleen and stomach, causing food accumulation, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Timely and scientific vitamin supplementation. In the summer, the body's demand for vitamins increases due to the loss of nutrients due to the acceleration of the body's metabolism and sweating. A proper combination of vegetables and fruits is an effective way to supplement vitamins and minerals. Vegetables are rich in vitamin K, folate, and dietary fiber, which help protect cardiovascular, bone, and digestive health. Citrus, berries and other fruits are rich in minerals such as vitamin C, antioxidants and potassium, which not only strengthen immunity, but also relieve heat and heat. "Fruit is good, but it's not a substitute for a meal." Li Yuan reminded that the proportion of water in fruits is relatively high, and the proportion of sugars is also high, so it is not advisable to eat too much.
In summer, the temperature and humidity are high, the reproduction rate of pathogenic microorganisms is accelerated, and food is easy to spoil. Ingestion of food that is spoiled or contaminated with pathogenic bacteria can easily cause foodborne illness. Therefore, in summer, it is necessary to take care of the "disease from the mouth", do not eat rotten and spoiled food, do not drink raw water, and wash raw fruits and vegetables.
Author: Lin Yutong Jiang Zhiqing
Part of the source: Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Hunan Daily
Editors: Yang Aoqing, Shu Ke, Liu Qian, Ding Jiwu, Li Yue
Review: Duan Haoshu