[Lantern made of lychee, may it dispel the epidemic in Putian| from the Internet]
The city that was brought to the ditch by the Putian family is actually a place with Mazu's great love and Shaolin practice. Behind this "contradiction" is the unavoidable dilemma that the city faces in the development of the times. But in our view, this long-standing culture is the greatest value of Putian, and it is also putian's correction of its own direction. ------------------
At the beginning of the epidemic in Putian, there was such a "joke" in the public opinion field: It is time for the Putian system to return to save Putian.
In a sense, because of the existence of the Putian system, Putian still bears some kind of "original sin". However, in the face of the epidemic, we still need to pray for the blessings of the people here and stand closely with them.
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In fact, before I knew Putian, I was also full of misunderstandings.
However, when you really enter the city, you will find that it is actually full of all kinds of beauty. At the very least, in july and August, there are full lychees or dragon eyes everywhere, hanging from the branches, and you can reach out and pick up a bunch. These are fruits that need to be bought at a large cost in other cities, and they are eaten here, and no one will drive you away.
【Go to Putian to have a full meal| taken from Wang Qianma |】
Because "all the cities around the city are Liye", Putian is also known as Licheng. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Putian people ran the alarm and hid in the lychee forest. This makes people can't help but sigh that lychees have also made special shelter and contributions to the people here in special years. Today's Putian, there is a very interesting "toy", that is, lychee lamps.
To make this kind of lychee lamp, it is difficult to say that it is not difficult or difficult. It first needs to choose a lychee with a good appearance and connected branches. Then, gently peel off the outer layer of peel, leaving the inner layer of film that is usually white and close to the inner shell, and then use a knife or nail to cut the film in the middle, and finally roll the separated film to the two ends, revealing the white lychee flesh. Lifting the branches, a small, crystal clear lychee lamp is born.
It is very similar to the traditional Chinese palace lamp shape, under the reflection of sunlight or light, the translucent flesh, the black core is faintly visible, so that the "lamp" without a light source glows a little. Undoubtedly, this kind of lychee lamp can not only be eaten, but also played. It not only lit up the childhood of many people, but also lit up the whole Oftian.
Of course, in addition to sweetness, this is actually a land where compassion and legend coexist. Only if you understand this land, you will understand why the Putian system is everywhere.
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In the whole of Fujian, Putian's sense of existence is not as good as Fuzhou, Xiamen and Quanzhou, or even as good as Wuyishan, but its license plate starts with b, which looks very powerful, but it has never been known for its wealth or strength.
In the 2020 GDP ranking of all cities in the province, Putian ranked seventh in the province with 270 billion yuan, far behind Quanzhou, which ranked first and had a GDP of 1,015.8 billion yuan. Even in Zhangzhou, the fourth, there are 474.7 billion yuan. Sanming (Shaxian belongs to Sanming), which is not very good, has 500 million more than Putian.
The reason why the license plate is B, it is still "beneficial" in Fujian When allocating license plates, it is divided according to the geographical location, which takes Fuzhou as the starting point and starts south along the coastline of Fujian, because Putian is the first city in the south of Fuzhou, so it is assigned to Fujian B, followed by Fujian C Quanzhou, Fujian D Xiamen.
【The approximate geographical location of Putian | from the Internet】
Consistent with its gdp ranking in the province, this place where human activity occurred in the Neolithic Age is also not a place where people can relocate.
Although it is only "one step away" from Fuzhou, it is like Fuzhou, which carries mountains and faces the sea, but it is not like Fuzhou, which has been the political center of Fujian for a long time in history, so it will widen the distance with Fuzhou in its future development.
Compared with the total land area of Fuzhou city of 11968 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 1786 square kilometers, the built-up area is 260 square kilometers, the former state capital of China's smallest geographical area - Xinghua Province (only Putian and Xianyou Counties), now only one county (Xianyou County), four districts (Licheng, Chengxiang, Hanjiang and Xiuyu District), and Putian of the Meizhou Island National Tourism Resort Management Committee, is undoubtedly the smallest city in Fujian Province.
Its total land area is only 4,119 square kilometers (equivalent to the land area of a county in Sanming), with 57,000 hectares of arable land and a population of more than 3 million. However, it also has exciting advantages, there are three major bays of Meizhou Bay, Xinghua Bay and Ping Bay, with a sea area of 11,000 square kilometers...
However, in feudal China, where agricultural civilization was dominant, land was the fundamental determinant of wealth. This keeps Putian on the brink of mainstream. Even if there is land, it is mostly saline and alkali, and it is difficult to grow crops. Before the introduction of sweet potatoes at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Putian people could only make a living by fishing; at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, they fell into the quagmire of sea prohibition.
It was also in the Ming Dynasty that Xinghua County (Xinghua County), a small county in Yanyi that had been placed during the Song Dynasty, was dismissed and reformed because of the serious tiger disease, the epidemic of disease, the narrowness of the land, the rampant banditry, the corruption and incompetence of the official government, and the overwhelmed people, and the various places under its jurisdiction were divided into Putian County and Xianyou County.
It is precisely because there are many people and few lands that the roots of the Putian people have restless genes. If they want to find a way out here, there are only two ways, one is to become a Pu merchant by going out to do business. According to the data, there are currently more than 2 million Putian people doing business abroad, of which more than 1.5 million are doing business overseas, and there are nearly 900,000 in major cities in China - among them, the ancestral home of Li Ka-shing, the richest Chinese in Hong Kong, is Putian in Fujian, and it is said that the ancestors of Sun Zhengyi, the richest man in Japan, are also putian people in Fujian.
Ou Zongrong of the Zhengrong Group, whom I have dealt with, and his old minister Huang Xianzhi are also putians. However, compared with the real estate industry in which the Ou family has set foot, Putian people have a lot of say in the jewelry market, the timber market, and the well-known private hospitals.
【Ou Zongrong's old mansion in Putian| taken by Wang Qianma】
The reason for their success in these aspects is related to the adventures of the Putian people under the pressure of life, and also benefit from their habitual group heating and resource sharing. When they are working outside, they often drag two and two drag three, and as a result, the whole family is driven up. In Putian, there is often such an interesting phenomenon, that is, people in a place do the same kind of thing, such as Zhongmen Town is particularly good at making wood, Qibu Village is particularly good at making shoes, Beigao Town and Huangshi Town are very good at making jewelry, and especially good at opening hospitals is Dongzhuang Town.
This export-oriented development model also makes the city of Putian quite "mobile" in terms of population. Therefore, the unexpected encounter of the epidemic in Putian is also a thing that can be imagined. This also poses a great challenge to the epidemic prevention work in Putian. I hope that Putian, which is full of people, can deal with it well.
In addition to Pushang, there is also a way to seek a way out here, that is, to become a member of the "Pushi" through serious examination. This also allows Putian to "achieve many good results" in the history of China's imperial examinations.
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It is difficult for you to imagine that this smallest state capital in the old days, in history, the number of champions accounted for nearly half of the province, and the number of champions ranked second in the country, second only to Suzhou.
At the same time, Putian County is also the first township of China's Jinshi, ranking first among the eighteen thousand Jinshi counties in the country with a figure of 1678.
Similarly, in the course of a thousand years, Xianyou County, with a population of only 40,000 to 50,000 people, also set a "bright data" of more than 700 jinshi.
According to statistics, Putian, with a small proportion of 0.5% of the country's population, has a proportion of 4.5% of the jinshi in ancient China. A series of staggering numbers just proves the number of soldiers in Putian.
The most dazzling moment in history is that in the ninth year of Song Xining (1076), Xu Duo, the ancestor of the Xu clan in Yanshou Village, Putian, and his brother Xu Yi were enthroned as jinshi, and the court was tested as the champion.
This is also the second title of the Xu clan after Xu Yin (who was hand-picked by Emperor Zhaozong of Tang in 894), and the first Putian Champion recognized by the Zhengshi with a clear list. ShiRen praised: "Sun Jizu, the head of the Dragon and Tiger List, and the brother and brother of the Phoenix Pool." ”
【The Zhuangyuanjing | of Yanshou Village is taken from Wang Qianma】
In the same year, Xianyou Xue Yi also won Wu Zhuangyuan. Emperor Shenzong inscribed: "One side of the world is full of culture and martial arts, and the heroes of the four seas are in the middle." Houguan to The Official's Shangshu;
The second is the eighth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1138). This year, it was the turn of the Huang clan to get ahead. Huang Gongdu (1109-1156), a famous poet of Chinese history, went to Lin'an to participate in the provincial examination of Pengwuke and stood out as the first jinshi. In the same year, because the emperor did not personally plan (that is, did not hold the palace examination), the provincial Yuan Huang Gongdu was specially given the title of Crown Prince and the First Emperor by Emperor Gaozong of Song. This also made him the third person in the history of Putian Zhuangyuan after Xu Yin and Xu Duo, and also the second person in the Wen Zhuangyuan who has clear historical records, clear scientific lists, and the Eight Classics of Zheng'er.
What is even more admirable is that the second place in this provincial examination still falls under the name of putian people, who is the future Southern Song Dynasty famous minister and poet Chen Junqing.
Including them, there were 14 putian juzi on the list at that time, accounting for 4.8% of the 293 men in the section. Among them, among the 14 people, there is the oldest jinshi, 73-year-old Lin Deng, and the youngest jinshi, 18-year-old Gong Maoliang.
Located in the remote area of the southeast coast, Putian is actually Queya Liandeng, four similarities and differences, it is really a sensation in the capital, out of the limelight.
It was also in the year that Huang Gongdu won the Middle Title, and Song Gaozong was also surprised to ask, what is so peculiar about Xinghua, can two people be a high school champion and a bang eye at the same time? Zhuangyuan replied, "Phi Jin Huang Que Mei, Tong Yin Zi Fish Fat." (Another said is lychee, seaweed, sub-fish, oyster house) He seems to want to use this answer to exaggerate the property of his hometown.
However, Chen Junqing frankly said, "The ground is thin and planted with pine cypress, and the poor family reads." After hearing this, Emperor Gaozong of Song also thought that "the list is slightly better."
In a sense, this is also a true portrayal of the entire Fujian in the history of the imperial examination and cultural history.
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In addition to the "poor children reading", putian's literary style flourished, on the contrary, it also "benefited" from the southeast corner of Fujian Province.
Although it is far away from the Central Plains, it also correspondingly avoids the damage caused by the "chasing deer in the Central Plains" in various eras, so it is relatively stable and has become a treasure land in the chaotic world of China. This cannot but make people feel inexplicable sighs. It is precisely because of this that many Zhongyuan scholars, either forced by the times or met by fate, have come to Fujian from the Central Plains and have taken root in various places.
While they grew the population of Fujian, they also brought about the studious and enterprising style of the Central Plains clan, setting off a storm of Confucian thought in Putian and even the whole of Fujian.
The first climax should be during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. "Sima Zhao's heart, known to passers-by," was during this period. Similarly, it was his son Sima Yan who proclaimed himself emperor of Wei and established the Jin Dynasty. However, the good times did not last long, and within a few years, they encountered the Yongjia Rebellion, and the short-lived unification that was easily achieved after the Three Kingdoms once again faced disintegration. In order to avoid the threat of the central government, the ruling group led the Han subjects of the Central Plains to cross the south en masse, and the capital was Jiankang (present-day Nanjing). In order to distinguish, the former was called the Western Jin Dynasty, and the latter was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty. And this collective south crossing, historically known as the yiguan south crossing.
It was an important event in the history of Chinese immigration and the first large-scale southward migration of the Han Chinese in the Central Plains.
In the future, these Central Plains Han Chinese who crossed south entered Mindi one after another, and the eight main surnames of Min, namely Lin, Chen, Zheng, Zhan, Qiu, He, Hu, and Huang.
Today, Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian Province, has a famous tourist attraction "Three Squares and Seven Alleys", among which there are Huang Lanes that people from all over the country often come to visit. Putian Huang is no exception. The so-called Yellow Lane, as the name suggests, is where the Huang clan people live. Every time they went to settle down, as long as the place was not yet named, they would call it Yellow Lane. Later, Huang An, from Huang Lane, sowed Huang's seeds to Putian.
【Three Lanes and Seven Lanes in Fuzhou| Taken by Wang Qianma】
Among these seeds was Huang Tao (840-911), a famous poet of the late Tang Dynasty and the first ancestor of the Eight Min Articles. In the last years of the Tang Dynasty, when "the outside was defeated by the emissaries of moderation and destroyed by the eunuchs at the inside", he assisted Wang Zhenzhi, the "King of Kaimin", who was deeply loved by the Fujian people, and advocated reducing taxes, lightly servitude, and saving official expenses; emphasizing commerce, opening up ports (mainly Quanzhou Port, which laid a solid foundation for Quanzhou to become the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road in the Song Dynasty), and flourishing maritime trade; building schools, cultivating talents, and developing local culture... A series of reform measures, in addition to judging the hour and sizing up the situation, advised Wang Zhenzhi to "prefer to open the door to the door and be a modest envoy, rather than a closed-door heavenly son" -- that is, not to claim the title of king in a chaotic manner--and finally enabled Fujian to enjoy peace and avoid military disasters in the face of chaos in the world and warlord chaos. In addition, Huang Tao also took in and introduced Cultural Talents from the Central Plains to open up the people's wisdom. In a sense, Fujian has leapt from the frontier and barbaric land of the Tang Dynasty to the political, economic and cultural center of the Song Dynasty, thanks to Huang Tao's good governance. At the same time, it also allowed Fujian and even the whole of Putian to be at peace for a long time, and the poetry and books were passed on.
The Huang Gongdu mentioned above is huang Tao's eighth grandson. Although he was considered inferior to Emperor Gaozong of Song when dealing with him, he had similar wind bones like his ancestors.
It was evaluated as "a straight official, known for its honesty and diligence". Because he was friendly with zhao ding, the chancellor, and Zhao Ding strongly recommended Yue Fei to resist Jin, in the end he was repeatedly attacked by Qin Jun, "degrading Nan En, and stopping the foreign lang." ”
He died young at the age of 48.
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Of course, the reason why Putian has a long literary style, we have to mention the ancestors of the Zheng clan in Xingyang, Henan - Zheng Lu, Zheng Zhuang, and Zheng Shu. They are three brothers of the same clan, with Zheng Lu as the leader. According to genealogical records, Zheng Lu was a Tang Dynasty person, while many histories and records record zheng Lu as a Liang and Chen Shi of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
According to the Chronicle of Xinghua Province, before they sowed the first cultural seeds for this land, "Puyu was not a county, and people did not know Confucianism." After their arrival, they founded the first school in Mindi, "Hushan Academy", "Constructing a Library to Cultivate Confucianism", which is regarded as the earliest Confucian cultural enlightenment in Puyang. The culture of Putian has also flourished because of this.
Although by the end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination was abolished, but this kind of wind and bone and context forged by countless predecessors and accumulated, coupled with the "poor children of the family reading", made every Putian person still strive to learn.
Putian No. 1 Middle School, which has been founded for a hundred years, has produced countless talents. Among them were Lin Shizhao, Zou Hongli, and Lin Yishi, pioneers of the Dharma Protection Movement; revolutionary martyrs Wang Yujie, Han Yongfan, Xu Yuanchang, Ou Chenglong; Wen Yanbin, Chen Wenqi, Lin Qingdai, and Chen Zuxun, heroes of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression; Lin Lanying, Min Guirong, Yang Jinzong, Huang Weiyuan, Cai Zixing, and Huang Wenkui; Lin Yixin, Lin Runan, Huang Guozhang, Xiao Jian, Li Lihui, Chen Jinhai, and Huang Chunhui, among the high-ranking party and government cadres; and there were literary scholars and scholars Guo Feng, Zhu Weigan, Chen Yiqin, and Li Jianping.
Of course, there are also many stars who have won glory for the country in the sports arena. For example, liu yuhuang, the first Chinese long jumper to skip 8.00 meters, Liu Yuhuang, who twice rewritten the Asian long jump record and won the fifth place in the long jump event at the 23rd Los Angeles Olympic Games, and Weng Kangqiang, who broke the Asian Games decathlon record and finished 15th in the men's decathlon with a total score of 7662 points at the Los Angeles Olympic Games, is the first decathlon athlete in China to "rush out of Asia and go to the world".
This kind of sports achievement, and the martial arts that Putian has produced, also constitute another picture of putian people's pursuit of life, that is, while repairing literature, they do not stop practicing martial arts. For them, who have been in trouble for a long time, there are many ways to use multiple means.
This also makes Putian a legend in Fujian. Today, we are often "blinded" by the Putian system, and it is difficult to find the inherent excellence of Putian. But brushing away the dust, a surprising Putian jumped out.
In fact, if we look at the whole of Putian, we will find a very special existence.
Around 2017, when I went to Putian for the first time, I made a special trip to Meizhou Island.
This is another "holy land" in the minds of the entire Fujian people, and even all the Chinese who are working hard in the world. Because the island is dedicated to Mazu. As long as it is a place where marine culture is affected, there will be traces of Mazu. There is also such a saying in Tianjin today: there is tianhou Temple first, and then there is Tianjin City.
Mazu, formerly known as Lin Mo, was born on the 23rd day of the third month of the lunar calendar in the first year of Song Jianlong (960) on Meizhou Island in Putian. The story says that Lin Moniang was born without crying, but she was accustomed to water since she was a child, and from the age of sixteen, she was determined not to marry, specifically for merchants and fishermen to save dangers and solve difficulties, and then died because of saving people, and finally became the sea god Mazu.
【Mazu Temple on Meizhou Island| taken from Wang Qianma】
In a sense, the origin of the Mazu faith is closely related to the production of fisheries in China's coastal areas and their maritime activities. At that time, the ocean, relative to the agricultural society, was both open and dangerous, and many fishermen lost countless lives due to shipwrecks, and in their minds, they naturally hoped for safety from the guardian spirit of the sea. And Mazu's selflessness, kindness, kindness, love, and heroism are undoubtedly in line with their wishes. Wherever they went, they took Mazu with them.
The Mazu faith in Macau has continued for hundreds of years without interruption. Macau's Portuguese name "Macau" is also related to the Mazu faith.
As the hometown of Mazu, Putian is naturally deeply influenced by Mazu. During the New Year's Festival, when marrying a daughter to greet her relatives, especially when worshipping Mazu, the well-known local song puxian opera is often staged.
In addition to Mazu, Putian also has a well-known cultural relic, which is one of the representative monasteries of Zen Buddhism in Buddhism, that is, Southern Shaolin. Its predecessor was Linquan Temple, which was founded in the first year of Chen Yongding (557) of the Southern Dynasty. Jet Li's "Shaolin Temple" let us know the Songshan Shaolin Temple, but he also starred in a "North and South Shaolin", which tells the story of the Northern Shaolin martial monk Zhiming and the Southern Shaolin lay disciple Sima Yan who invariably assassinated the prince on the birthday of Prince Herso to avenge his father. Of course, there is also a saying that Southern Shaolin is in Quanzhou, that is, Zhenguo Dongchan Temple.
But no matter what, their existence has enriched the humanities of Putian, and also made the city, which has been deeply disputed in recent years, more plump and three-dimensional.
I hope that under the protection of Mazu and other gods, the brave and enterprising Putian can survive this new storm. Of course, I also hope that every Putian person, including today's Putian department, can always put Mazu's great love in his heart when he goes out to work, and when pursuing the value of life, he often thinks that he does not meet the hopes and requirements of the ancestors!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > further reading</h1>
"Nori Daddy"
By Wang Qianma
Published by Guangxi Normal University Press
This is a biography of traditional knowledge molecules learning to serve the country, it focuses on ordinary people, but it is the dedication of these ordinary people that has promoted the giant wheel of China's progress.
The heir apparent, Huang Guanghuang, is a descendant of the Huang clan of Putian Yanshou. Born in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he studied at Putian No. 1 Middle School and Xiamen University, and later worked in Zhoushan, Zhejiang. In the past 25 years, we have been living in poverty and happiness, adhering to a corner of the cape, going deep into the front line of aquaculture scientific research and production, and finally paying for the country.
This is another ordinary and great figure who came out of Putian. He is the continuation of Putian humanities and the image of Putian's new era.