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Source | "Spring Shen Old News"
Author | Chen Dingshan
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I think of the British exhibition held in Shanghai in the 26th year of the Republic of China. In that year, the mainland produced six pieces of porcelain and copper, jade, calligraphy and painting for the cultural relics of the Forbidden City, and there were more than 200 pieces of ancient paintings alone, with a total of 41 boxes. Appointment of experts in advance, organization of review committees,
There are eleven people in the calligraphy and painting department, including Pang Laichen, Wu Hufan, Zhang Shanzi, Ye Yuhu, Zhang Congyu, Xu Bangda, Wang Jiqian, Zhang Junmou, Di Pingzi, Zhao Shuru, etc., Yu is also listed as one of the hires, and the officials are not predetermined. The qualifications for this appointment are all richer in collections,
and those who have the ability to appreciate it, and he does not use his own painting name as a superior, so the elders such as Feng Chaoran, Wu Zhiqiu, and Wang Yiting are not with him.
The examination committee is very serious about the examination, and it stands to reason that these paintings and calligraphy are all collected by the Forbidden City, and nine out of ten of them are stamped with the imperial seal of Qianlong, so why bother to examine them again. However, for the sake of prudence, Qianlong's discernment is not as credible as Xiang Zijing, An Yizhou, and Liang Qingbiao. The collection of the Forbidden City is indeed rich, and among them is mixed, there are also those who can not be trusted, this overseas exhibition, related to thousands of years of cultural relics in the mainland, so in the time of the examination, all cautious will be the matter, and the problems arise one after another.
First, Mr. Pang Laichen's collection is rich, directly the cultural relics of the Forbidden City, it can be said that most of the famous objects of the Jin and Tang dynasties are in the Forbidden City; Song and Yuan Dynasty calligraphy and painting, the Forbidden City has two-thirds, and the Pang family has one-third; Ming Dynasty calligraphy and painting, on the contrary. Qing Dynasty paintings (above Qianlong), the wealth of the Pang collection, can be the world, the Forbidden City is the only one. One thief is in the eunuch, the second is in Feng Yuxiang, the third is in Yi Peiji, and the old Qing Dynasty cultural relics in the Forbidden City are all gone. Pang Zi's wealth, only Wang Shigu one, according to Pang Zi's own words, can be changed every day, after years and not poor. If it is counted in years, it has been made since Ishiya was twenty-four years old, and until his death, there has not been a year or a shortage, which can be described as rich. But its appreciative eyes, with the help of others, the early stage for Gu Ruobo, Lu Lianfu, the middle of the Li drunken stone identification, in the later years with Xu Junqing, these four sons are all born in the four kings, so its eyesight and Yuan and Ming dynasties, can not be beyond the Tang and Song dynasties.
Pang Zi to the four sons of Zhen Tao, the first to seize people, to identify the Tang and Song dynasties, quite prejudiced, and the highest age, so there are occasional objections, first want to impress this old, must list a number of calligraphy and painting records, and can go through a number of treasures, to make it head. Wang Jiqian and Xu Bangda are the best at this matter, both of them were young and came out of Wu Hufan's door, but the appreciation of calligraphy and painting is better than his teacher. Ji Qian was hired by the United States Museum in the seventh year of the Republic of China, specializing in the appraisal of ancient Chinese paintings. He is the author of the book "The Seal of Chinese Calligraphers and Painters of the Past Dynasties", which is especially admired by Europeans and Americans, and has not returned to the United States. Xu Bangda's essence of recognition is especially better than that of the king. Xu Youqiang remembered that all the calligraphy and paintings printed by the "Palace Museum Weekly" have been leaked out of the world, and Xu can know who has fallen into the hands of them, when they have been circulated, and what family is collecting them now.
Ye Yuhu is a stubborn person, especially prejudiced when it comes to calligraphy and painting, and often argues with Yu about a painting, giving reasons for each, but not the same. I said, "My feet are as big as an ancient." Ip asked, "Who is He?" I said, "Wang Anshi! "Ye Daxi. I said, "So I don't know, sir, I'll tell you a story." One day, Su Zizhan wrote a word and asked him to recognize it, Anshi saw that it was a " word, Anshi didn't know it, Su Zizhan said: "Sue Xianggong, this is a cow word." An Shi said: "There is still a vertical cow character." Zizhan said: "Xianggong, that cow tendon has been taken away by the humble people. The words laughed together, and Yuhu was quite stunned. Yuhu spoke, often looked down, scheming, and took an umbrella out to imitate United Kingdom Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain.
We examined, in addition to arguing on the basis of knowledge, which took a lot of time, but also dealt with United Kingdom experts. This exhibition was originally initiated by the British and asked us to participate. And the Royal Museum of United Kingdom designated the mainland, requesting that three points must be produced: First, Song Xiaju's "Yangtze River Ten Thousand Miles". 2. Yuan Huang Zijiu's "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map". 3. Zhao Ziang's "Quehua Autumn Color Map". These three ancient paintings are famous at home and abroad because there are too many records of previous dynasties. Xia Jue's "Yangtze River Map", the Royal Museum of United Kingdom once filmed a long scroll of films, so it is an important center designated for production. But what makes us tricky is Huang Zijiu's "Fuchun Mountain Residence". Zijiu's "Fuchun" originally had two pieces, one true and one false, and now it is a fake. "The Yangtze River Wanlitu" has been identified by many famous experts and thinks it is not true, and they want these two pieces of Ye Gong's dragon, we still produce it, not it?
As a result of the discussion, we did not make a decision, first took pictures of the three original objects, sent them to the United Kingdom, asked their experts to verify whether the named products were these three, and wrote back: "This is exactly what happened." "Let's think about it again, Zhao Ziang's product, "Quehua Autumn Color Map", and added a volume of "Chongjiang Stacked Peaks", this is really Zhao Ziang's carefully structured masterpiece, not only the Yuan and Ming people have inscriptions, but also after Tang Jie's mounting, the end of the volume and there are years and months of small seals, Tang Jie is the Tang Qin (Tang Mounted Back) of the Ping Opera "Judging the Head Thorn Soup", which is also an extra classical. When it comes to Zijiu's "Fuchun", this is a big problem, and here's the thing.
There was a great collector in the Ming Dynasty named Wu Wenqing, and when he was dying, he asked his nephew to burn his most beloved ancient paintings in front of him for burial. The nephew saw that Xishi's national treasures were about to be burned by his uncle, and he couldn't bear it, so he secretly picked up a roll of things that had not yet been burned, that is, Huang Zijiu's "Fuchun Mountain Map". It's a pity that five Lianzhu caves have been burned on it, so later generations call it "burning the remnants". Huang Zi has been handed down for a long time, and this volume is even more precious. In the Qianlong era, there was a minister Fu Heng, whose family was very collectible, and Qianlong heard that Zijiu's "Fuchun" was in his home, so he ordered him to submit it. Of course, Fu Heng didn't dare to disagree, but who knew that he had entered a fake.
Qianlong didn't know whether it was a fake, and he was happy to deprecate, and since then he has been fortunate to have three seas and hunting hot rivers, all of which have followed him. And pretentious elegance, whenever the spring and autumn days, the water is green and the mountains are green, and the scenery is hung with paintings, then this volume will be taken out, write a poem, and cover several seals. Although this volume is a forgery, it is at least a copy of the early Ming Dynasty in terms of age. Even if it suffered, in less than ten years, from the lead of the scroll to the tail, the stone gaps and forests in the picture, the water in the clouds, all of them were affected by the ink of the perfect old man.
Look at it all over, there is misfortune, Fu Heng was convicted of raiding his home, all the collected paintings and calligraphy were confiscated, and he entered the Shiqu treasure. "Fuchun Mountain Map", but found a double package case, of course the pen and ink are the same, the structure is exactly the same, but it is three feet shorter than the Qianlong imperial inscription, the frontispiece has half of Wu Wenqing's seal, and there is a faint scorched hole, it is clear that the above lost section is Wu Wenqing burned it. Qianlong knew it in his heart, but he didn't admit defeat in his mouth, so he took two volumes and handed them to Minister Wen to identify, saying which one was true and which one was false? Where did the ministers dare to distinguish, they only kowtowed and said: "Heavenly Enlightenment." As soon as Qianlong was proud, he inscribed a large paragraph on the real volume, narrating the reasons for the incident, and convicting the real one as false, and from then on he entered the cold palace.
The revolution of the Republic of China revolutionized the Qing Dynasty, but did not revolutionize Xuantong, and under the preferential conditions of the Qing Dynasty, he was allowed to sell antiques in the Forbidden City to survive. It was during this period that the original work of Zijiu was stolen out of the palace by the Japan and printed by the Yanguang Room with a photographic plate, while the forgery was also published separately when Yi Peiji edited and printed the "Palace Weekly". The two pairs of clear-eyed people, who is fake and who is true, are all obvious, but the United Kingdom is ear-eating, they are superstitious about the Qianlong Emperor, and they designated this volume of forgery to be produced, and our examination committee members will not be able to distinguish with him, so we can only take these three major pieces and exhibit them abroad. Other calligraphy and paintings, however, are not subject to various constraints, and are very carefully selected, and the Commercial Library has printed all the calligraphy and painting Koluo editions, and the calligraphers and painters in Taiwan still have them, and they can be checked according to the core.
At the turn of the spring and summer of the twenty-sixth year of the Republic of China, preparations for the British exhibition began in the autumn of the twenty-fifth year, and the preview was opened in Shanghai for seven days. However, the exhibition abroad, the British closed, the production returned to China in November of the same year, Shanghai, Nanjing fell one after another, part of the cultural relics of the Forbidden City remained in the Chaotian Palace in Nanjing, did not have time to retreat, and the calligraphy and painting part, because of the late return, was directly transported from Hong Kong to Chongqing, so it was not robbed by the siege of Nanjing.
At that time, I was spending the Gregorian New Year in Yichang, and when the plane landed in Chongqing, I saw more than 40 boxes of things piled up on the sand by the river. I asked what it was, and the manager said it was "an old painting returned from England". I was so shocked that I rushed to the Executive Yuan before I could go home to meet Teng Gu, who was in charge of all affairs when Shanghai antiquities went abroad. I told him that the 41 boxes of calligraphy and paintings were raining on the riverside and were not shipped ashore. Teng Gu was also taken aback when he heard this, and immediately sent out 1,000 pieces of oiled paper to cover the boxes by the river, and it took a lot of effort to transport all the ancient paintings to a safe place. These ancient paintings, it is said that they are now in Taichung, and they are kept secret without any loss, and the wooden arch of Tenggu's altar and tomb.
There are quite a lot of antiquities in the Chaotian Palace in Nanjing, and the iron gate was sealed when the national government retreated, and later the Japanese wanted to steal it back to their own country, so they used explosives to blow open the iron gate of Chaotian Palace at night, loaded dozens of antiquities with large military vehicles, and transported them to Japan warships. When Liang Hongzhi and Chen Qun heard the report, they rushed to stop it, but the initial negotiations were ineffective. Liang Hongzhi actually submitted a letter of resignation, saying that he would rather not do anything than let the Japanese move away the Chinese antiquities; Chen Qun also submitted the resignation of the puppet chairman of Jiangsu Province and came to live upstairs with Liang Hongzhi, and expressed his hunger strike for seven days and seven nights, and actually had the courage to "lose time and death." The Japanese actually unloaded the antiquities that had been transported to the warship and transported them back to Chaotian Palace in order to be convinced. Although Liang Chen is a traitor and his crime cannot be punished, it is worth mentioning the credit for preserving antiquities. There is an "Untitled" poem in my "Joyama Thatched Cottage" that was written for this purpose.
"Outside the door, there is a light thunder about Suqiu, and the car is still left without a trace. A group of swallows accompanied by Liang Jianyan, and they didn't go downstairs for seven days. That's what I said.
Wu Wenqing's burning "Fuchun Tu" in the early part, later found for Wu Hufan, five holes of beads, Wenqing half seal. Hu Fan sings the treasure, frames him with the photo book of Yanguang Room, and inscribes famous artists all over the world, with the title "Huang Zi has long left the mountain", Yu Zeng is a long song, and he does not remember. Two years ago, Hu Fan still had a letter, concise and bitter, once, opened only a blank paper, on the book "leftover mountain map" three words, with a red pen on the periphery to add countless large circles, meaning that it was confiscated. In recent years, the news has been unclear, according to Zhang Daqian, who came back from Hong Kong and told me: "Hu Fan once set up a stall in front of Sincere Company. "My book is here, and I put aside my pen for it.
Luo Zhixiyun: "Qianlong believes that the fake volume of "Fuchun Mountain" is still in the Palace Museum, not for the Japanese, and now it exists in Taiwan. ”
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