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Text: Yanyan
Edited by Yeon-yeon
preface
Zhang Ju was a famous reformer in the history of the Ming Dynasty, and his changes had a profound impact on the Ming Dynasty.
However, in the process of reform, Zhang Juzheng never reused Hai Rui, an honest and upright official. Hai Jui is known for being upright and outspoken, and even has the reputation of "Hai Qingtian" among the people.
Why did Zhang Juzheng shun such an upright official? He once bluntly said: "Use him to be a mess." The reason for this is intriguing, is it because Hai Rui's style is too strong, or is there something else hidden?
Hai Jui: An arrogant bone that is independent of the world
Hai Jui, this name is thunderous in the history of the Ming Dynasty. Born in Qiongshan, Hainan Province in 1514, he grew up under the strict teaching of his mother, Xie.
Although his family is not wealthy, the scholarly atmosphere has laid the foundation for his future career. However, fate always seems to play a joke on Hai Jui. He was 36 years old when he was admitted to the exam, and at the age of 40, he participated in the examination and was also known as Luosun Mountain.
Such setbacks did not bring down Hai Jui, but sharpened his tenacious character. This tenacity is not only reflected in his study path, but also deeply influenced his future career as an official, shaping his unique personality charm that does not follow the crowd.
In 1554, Hai Rui finally got his first job as a teacher in Nanping County, Yanping Prefecture, Fujian. It was in this humble position that Hai Rui showed the integrity for which he would become famous.
Once, when the prefect of Yanping came to inspect, all the officials knelt down and saluted, but Hai Rui stood upright. When questioned, Hai Rui replied calmly: "This is a school, according to the rules of Sage Kong, no matter how big an official the teacher is, he doesn't have to salute!" Although this move angered the prefect, it also made Hai Rui's reputation spread throughout the court.
This incident not only shows Hai Jui's integrity, but also reflects the ills of officialdom at the time, even in the field of education, which is full of hierarchical ideas and power cults.
Hai Jui's incorruptibility is world-renowned. In 1562, he was appointed magistrate of Chun'an County, Zhejiang. At the beginning of his tenure, he carried out drastic reforms, abolished all "unreasonable fees" and restored the "low salary system" during the Taizu period.
He proved with practical actions that even if the salary is meager, he can be honest and honest. However, this practice also made him an object of avoidance among his colleagues, hence the nickname "Sea Greens".
Although Hai Jui's approach seemed somewhat impersonal at the time, it set an example for later generations to be honest and honest, and also provided us with valuable historical experience for thinking about how to build a clean and efficient government.
A piece of paper: the courage to face the dragon's face
In 1566, at the age of 53, Hai Rui finally entered the central government and became the head of the Yunnan Department of the Zhengliupin Household Department. However, this seemingly smooth opportunity became a turning point in his life.
This appointment is not only an affirmation of Hai Jui's talent, but also provides him with a bigger stage to display his ambitions. However, it is in this higher position that Hai Jui faces greater challenges and temptations, and his way of being an official will also be more severely tested.
At that time, Emperor Jiajing was obsessed with cultivation and alchemy, and ignored the government for more than 20 years. Faced with this situation, Hai Rui resolutely wrote a 3,000-word "Public Security Sparse".
In this recital, Hai Rui bluntly criticized Jiajing: "If you don't go to court for more than 20 years, all the laws of the court will be abolished", and even quoted a folk proverb to satirize: "Jiajing, Jiajing, every family is clean, but there is no money"! This note not only criticized Jiajing's dereliction of duty, but also analyzed in detail the various ills of the imperial court and put forward specific reform proposals. This kind of outspokenness and daring of Hai Jui was undoubtedly extremely rare and dangerous in the political environment at that time.
This recital was like a bombshell, causing an uproar in the court. Emperor Jiajing was furious and ordered Hai Jui's arrest. However, Hai Rui was prepared, and he had already prepared the coffin before he went to the house to say goodbye to his family.
This attitude of treating death as home, on the contrary, made Jiajing dare not act rashly, and in the end he just threw Hai Rui into prison. Hai Jui's behavior shows his insistence on truth and fearlessness for power.
He would rather lose his life than succumb to injustice and corruption. This kind of spirit is rare in any era, and it is this spirit that has left an immortal reputation in history.
Ying Tianyun: A head-to-head confrontation with the powerful
In 1570, Hai Jui was promoted to governor of Yingtian, which should have been the pinnacle of his career. However, his upright personality once again caused him problems.
In order to solve the land problem of the poor people, Hai Jui forced the wealthy to return their land, focusing on the former cabinet chief assistant Xu Jie and his family.
This decision not only touched local vested interests, but also challenged the long-established social order. Although Hai Jui's approach has solved some problems in the short term, it has also caused more contradictions and controversies.
Xu Jie was Hai Rui's promoter, and pleaded for him many times after Hai Rui scolded Jiajing. However, in the face of the land issue, Hai Jui did not miss the old feelings at all. He even personally wrote a letter to Xu Jie, asking him to withdraw more than half of his land and advising Xu Jie not to be "unkind to the rich".
Although this practice reflects Hai Jui's impartiality, it also shows that he is blunt and inflexible in handling interpersonal relationships. In a complex officialdom environment, this approach will undoubtedly make enemies for oneself.
This move not only offended Xu Jie, but also made many scholars dissatisfied with Hai Rui. Although Hai Rui's approach has won the praise of the people, it has also laid hidden dangers for his career.
This situation reflected the complexity of society at that time, and if an official wanted to truly serve the people, he often needed to find a balance between the interests of all parties.
Hai Jui's approach, while righteous, ignores the constraints of reality, which is one of the reasons why he is ultimately difficult to reuse.
Zhang Juzheng: A lonely walker on the road to reform
In stark contrast to Hai Jui is Zhang Juzheng. In 1572, the 36-year-old Emperor Longqing died, and Zhang Juzheng took the opportunity to defeat his political rival Gao Gong and became the new cabinet assistant.
This change not only changed Zhang Juzheng's personal fate, but also had a huge impact on the political situation of the entire Ming Dynasty. Zhang Juzheng's ascension to the throne marked the arrival of a new era of reform, and also meant the beginning of a fierce power game.
Zhang Juzheng's goal is clear: reform. He implemented the "examination method", requiring that every official, from the cabinet to the six sections, to each yamen, must be appointed by examination.
His aim was to establish a bureaucratic system with supervision from top to bottom and clear rewards and punishments to achieve the goal of "enriching the country and strengthening the army." Such reforms have not only touched the nerves of vested interests, but also challenged the ecology of officialdom that has been established for a long time.
Zhang Juzheng is well aware that there will be great resistance to such drastic reforms, so he needs to be more cautious and strategic.
However, the road to reform has never been easy. Zhang Juzheng is well versed in the ways of officialdom, and he knows that in order to implement reform in this complex environment, he must know how to be flexible and compromised. He can sacrifice some small interests for the sake of the overall situation, and he can also open up to certain people when necessary.
This flexible way of doing things has allowed Zhang Juzheng to navigate the complex officialdom environment with ease, promote reform and maintain his own position at the same time. However, this practice is also often misunderstood as opportunistic or even a departure from principles.
This way of doing things is in stark contrast to Hai Jui. In Zhang Juzheng's eyes, although Hai Rui is honest and upright, he is too stubborn and does not know how to be flexible. Such people, if reused, are likely to become stumbling blocks on the road to reform.
Zhang Juzheng believes that in the process of carrying out reform, what is needed is talent who can not only adhere to principles, but also be flexible and adaptable. Hai Jui's uprightness, while admirable, may trigger unnecessary conflicts at critical moments and affect the advancement of reform. This consideration has become one of the main reasons why Zhang Juzheng does not reuse Hai Rui.
Missed Opportunities: The Regret of Two Parallel Lines
In the first year of Wanli (1573), Zhang Juzheng had just become the first assistant of the cabinet. Although he did not appreciate Hai Jui, he decided to send a patrol to investigate.
However, Hai Juzheng's performance did not change Mr. Zhang's mind. The expedition could have been an opportunity to build bridges between the two, but it was ultimately missed due to differences in philosophies between the two sides.
This also reflects that in a complex political environment, personal ability is important, but whether it can be in line with the governing philosophy of the higher authorities is often more critical.
In the same year, Hai Rui wrote a letter to the scholars of Wenyuange, expressing his concern that Zhang Juzheng's eldest son would take the examination. The letter also deepened Mr. Zhang's suspicions about Hai Rui. Since then, even if someone recommended Hai Rui, Zhang Juzheng has never reused him.
Although Hai Rui's move is out of public intentions, in Zhang Juzheng's view, it is a distrust and challenge to his family. This misunderstanding further deepened the estrangement between the two and deprived them of the opportunity to understand and cooperate with each other.
Two famous ministers, one is a representative of the reformers, and the other is a model of Qing officials. They could have complemented each other's strengths and jointly promoted the development of the Ming Dynasty. However, the differences in personality and philosophy make them two parallel lines that will never intersect in the long river of history.
This regret is not only personal, but also the entire era. If they could understand each other and learn from each other's strengths, perhaps the history of the Ming Dynasty would have a different direction.
This also gives a lesson to future generations: while pursuing ideals, we must also learn to tolerate different voices, because truth can only be revealed in the collision of different views.
epilogue
The story of Zhang Juzheng and Hai Rui, two famous ministers of the Ming Dynasty, is not only a staggered personal fate, but also a microcosm of an era.
It reveals the contradiction between ideals and reality, and the game between reform and conservatism in a complex political environment.
The enlightenment of this history to us is that while pursuing ideals, we must also know how to judge the situation and learn to be flexible while adhering to principles. #长文创作激励计划#
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