The organizational preparations for the uprising began under extremely rigorous and intense conditions.
Teng Daiyuan and Deng Ping, who were in charge of political work, drafted slogans, slogans, and proclamations for the uprising, contacted the comrades of the underground party of the Communist Party of China, and sewed red ties for the rebel army overnight.
Peng Dehuai was well aware of the importance and arduousness of this uprising, and in order to ensure the success of the uprising, he had to command and make arrangements for all kinds of preparatory work without stopping, and on the other hand, he had to skillfully maneuver with the reactionary upper echelons to deal with all kinds of unforeseen circumstances.
On July 20, in order to paralyze the enemy, Peng Dehuai sent a telegram to Changsha after breakfast in the name of Li Huigen, the deputy division commander:
The Gongshi seat (referring to Zhou Pan), Qiaodian is informed. The three have been arrested in accordance with the instructions, and the school has ordered them to come to Pingjiang, please do not read.
The intention was to stabilize Zhou Pan and let him have fun in Changsha with peace of mind, and not to cause him to fall into the hands of Li Huigen again, affecting the smooth holding of the uprising.
At noon on the same day, as agreed at the meeting, the open organization of the soldiers' committee was restored, and the wage struggle began, and the fuse of the armed uprising was ignited.
They were not paid for several months, and the lives of the soldiers and junior officers were very difficult, and they hated the deception of the reactionary Kuomintang authorities to the extreme. The soldiers' committee organized a commotion, which ignited the anger in the soldiers' chests.
The first regiment's trouble-making activities soon spread to the second and third regiments, and many soldiers and junior officers were eager to try it when they heard the news.
Late at night on July 20, the phone in Peng Dehuai's house rang suddenly. Peng Dehuai picked up the phone and listened
The voice of Liu Jiren, the head of the third regiment, came from the tube, with a brute air in his tone:
"Huang Gongluo is a member of the Communist Party, and at dusk today, in the name of making trouble, he killed my nephew (the commander of the 11th Company of the 3rd Battalion), borrowed 3,000 yuan from the Chamber of Commerce in Chiayi Town, and fled to Nanshan."
Liu Jiren threatened Peng Dehuai and said: "Huang Gongluo was recommended by you, you are responsible!"
Liu Jiren is the most reactionary, and Peng Dehuai has long been on guard against this. He said calmly
"The responsibility will come later. Now the salary is a big problem, and if the salary is not paid for several months, the soldiers will make a fuss, if it spreads all over the division, it will become the biggest problem. ”
As soon as Peng Dehuai said this, Liu Jiren, who regarded officials as his life, was really scared, his tone immediately softened, and he hurriedly changed his words and said, "Yes!" It's not easy to do!"
As soon as the phone was put down, the bell rang again, and it was Zhang Chao, the commander of the second regiment, calling. And he said there:
"Huang Gongluo, the commander of the third battalion of the third regiment, launched a rebellion among the soldiers. You know what?"
Peng Dehuai said: "This problem is really disturbing, now there has been no salary for more than five months, the first group has always had the habit of making trouble, and the second group is more regular, which is more reassuring." ”
"It's hard to tell. Who can have peace of mind? Who can guarantee that they won't be paid? Junior officers are also inevitable. There was frustration in his voice.
From the phone call, it was heard that the two regiment commanders were afraid of the salary. When the first regiment revolted, they themselves couldn't hold it down, and I am afraid they didn't have the courage to attack, which made Peng Dehuai much more relaxed.
After finding out the movements of the Second and Third Regiments, Peng Dehuai immediately arranged for Zhang Rongsheng to hurriedly write a letter to the battalions, companies, platoons, and squads of the Second and Third Regiments in the name of the soldiers' committee, saying that the higher authorities had not paid their salaries for five months, that the life of the noncommissioned officers was unspeakably miserable, and that they would be sent to "clean up the townships," "suppress the Communists," and kill the peasants. He also said that the First Regiment had now begun to make trouble with salaries, and demanded that the arrears be paid off, and that if they were not paid, they would not go to "clear the townships" in order to further aggravate the situation. Peng Dehuai also asked Zhang Rongsheng to immediately send a communications team to the west of Pingjiang City to cut off the telephone line to Changsha, demanding that the more destruction be done as thoroughly as possible, so as to ensure the uprising, and plastering big slogans such as "Long live the Communist Party."
When dawn was about to break, Peng Dehuai convened a meeting of the party committee of the Communist Youth League to inform everyone of the news of Huang Gongluo's early riot and to study new countermeasures. It was decided that the uprising would proceed as originally planned, and that the timing of the uprising would remain unchanged; It was also decided that after the uprising, the unit number would be the "Fifth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" (because the troops in Jinggangshan were the Red Fourth Army), and the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd battalions of the original 1st Regiment would be expanded into the 1st, 4th, and 7th Regiments. The Red Fifth Army practiced a party representative system, and officers were elected by soldiers' committees. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the uprising, the meeting also discussed and determined the list of reactionary officers and deputies who needed to be detained. After the meeting, everyone split up to prepare for the arrival of the last moment.
On the afternoon of 21 July, Peng Dehuai, Zhang Rongsheng, and Li Li went with Li Can to the first battalion to inspect preparations for the uprising. Everyone was walking along the Miluo River when they suddenly heard a shout in front of them. Peng Dehuai's hearts were shocked, and they immediately rushed forward. I saw that the soldiers were surrounding an old woman who was drenched and unconscious, and did not know how to rescue her. Peng Dehuai did not bother to listen carefully to the soldiers' report on the situation, and immediately ordered Zhang Rongsheng to call a medical officer, and Zhang Rongsheng rushed away. Peng Dehuai squatted on the ground and took out a handkerchief to wipe the water from the grandmother's hair and face.
After a while, the military doctor came and gave the grandmother injections, medicine, and artificial respiration. After a while, the grandmother vomited out a lot of river water before she slowly opened her eyes. Looking at the so many officials and soldiers in front of her, the old woman couldn't stop crying bitterly. Peng Dehuai hurriedly comforted and said: "Old man, don't be sad, if you have any difficulties, we will help you!" The old grandmother looked at Peng Dehuai and sighed, sobbing and complaining.
It turned out that the grandmother's surname was Shi and she lived in a mountain chong a few miles away from the city. Because her grandson is called Shi Bao, people call her Shi Bao's grandmother. The "Qingxiang team" killed her husband and son, and her daughter-in-law was hanged after being abused by them, leaving only one grandson, Shi Bao, to rely on as his companion. Who knew that a few days ago, Shi Bao was arrested by the "Qingxiang Team" on charges of "gangsters" and imprisoned in the county jail. She was desperate, so she threw herself into the river to seek death,
The old woman's remarks made Peng Dehuai's heart move, and it seemed that attacking the prison should be the first priority, and the enemy should not be allowed to slaughter in advance in a panic. He said to the old grandmother: "Old man, don't worry, your grandson will not die tomorrow!" Grandma Shi Bao listened to Peng Dehuai's confident words, got up excitedly, her dry eyes flashed with hope, and she held Peng Dehuai tightly with both hands.
Peng Dehuai instructed a few soldiers to send the old woman home, and then said to Li Can and the others:
"When the riot began, the prison had to be opened and the more than 1,000 comrades rescued. If you start a little late, the consequences will be unimaginable. Remember: First, we must save people, second, we must not cause chaos, and third, we must rescue the local party comrades and ask them to immediately organize the victims to cooperate with the uprising!"
Li Can nodded in agreement.
July 22, 1928, a hot sunny day. The Pingjiang Uprising, which shook Sanxiang, broke out.
When the day was about to dawn, Tianyue Academy was silent in the sacred atmosphere, the Miluo River was silent in the sacred atmosphere, and the mountains and rivers of the Pingjiang River were silent in the sacred atmosphere. Gradually, a blood-colored morning light appeared in the east. The morning light was very light and light at first, curling like a thin scarf floating in the sky. Unconsciously, this "gauze scarf" became more and more dazzling and red.
At 10 o'clock in the morning, Peng Dehuai convened a meeting of officers above the platoon level of the first and third battalions at the regimental headquarters of the First Regiment, at which he first exposed the crimes of the Kuomintang reactionaries and announced the implementation of the constitution of the soldiers' committee formulated in 1927. It was announced that the commander of the third battalion, Jin Battalion, was not in a clear state of economic formalities, colluded with local tyrants and shoddy gentry, and decided to remove him from his post and investigate him, hand him over to the spy company for custody, and Huang Chunyi acted as the battalion commander.
At half past 11 o'clock, the first battalion of the first regiment assembled in the playground of Tianyue Academy in the eastern suburbs of Pingjiang County to hold an uprising pledge meeting. When Peng Dehuai arrived at the meeting with the heralds and guards, the trumpeter blew the assembly trumpet, and each of the more than 700 people gathered here wore a red ribbon around his neck, which was the symbol of the insurgents. They were all in high spirits, bathed in the sun, and every young face was scribbled with excitement and excitement.
Peng Dehuai walked to the stage in front of the team and said loudly:
"Brothers, soldiers! The reactionary division commander Zhou Pan, a vampire, deducted everyone's salary. We hadn't been paid for months, and the brothers didn't even have money to smoke, and they were terribly poor. Yesterday I went to Liu Zuozhu, the county magistrate, to borrow money, but he didn't pay a penny, and said that the poor boy who was a soldier would have no salary. Think about it, aren't we human beings who are soldiers? We make cattle and horses for warlords, landlords, and local tyrants and shoddy gentry every day, bleeding and sweating, not even a pair of straw sandals, and even basic living expenses, can we endure such oppressed days any longer? Can we give them another hard time?"
At this time, the whole battalion of soldiers raised their arms and shouted: "We can't give our lives to the warlord anymore!" Down with the warlords! Down with the local tyrants and gentry!" "Disarm the reaction, build the Red Army, and practice equality between officers and soldiers!" Establish a workers' and peasants' government, confiscate the landlords' land, and implement the practice of allowing the cultivators to have their land!" Support the Communist Party of China and fight for the interests of the workers and peasants!"
At the venue, there was an angry roar. Peng Dehuai then continued to speak, raising his voice and saying: "We will now begin to attack the county town of Pingjiang, completely eliminate the 'house-to-house regiments' and garrisons, disband all counterrevolutionary organs, and release the people who have been detained." Counter-revolutionaries were detained, revolutionary courts were organized, and they were tried and convicted. And thou shalt confiscate the rich man's money and his silver, and give pay to the brethren to give relief to the poor people. I hope that you will resolutely and courageously accomplish the revolutionary task!"
Peng Dehuai read the oath again. The oath was to the effect that "to overthrow imperialism, to overthrow the Kuomintang government, to establish a government of workers, peasants and soldiers, to confiscate the land of the landlord class and distribute it to the peasants, to establish a contingent of the workers' and peasants' Red Army, and to implement equality between officers and soldiers."
After taking the oath, Peng Dehuai immediately announced the list of commanders of each company and the combat tasks of each company, and announced the revolutionary discipline. Then, he hung the red tie handed by Li Guang around his neck, pulled out his pistol and ordered;
"Load the bullets! Now, attack the Pingjiang reactionary county government, the militia group, the 'Qingxiang team', and the 'Qingxiang' committee! Resolutely destroy them! We are in revolt! Service to the workers and peasants has begun!"
The audience roared with joy. The soldiers formed a four-way column and launched an attack on the intended target.
It was 1 p.m. The reactionary military and police officers and men in Pingjiang County were taking a good nap. Li Can led the 1st Battalion to disarm the Kuomintang security forces and the police station, occupy the county government, capture alive Yang Pengyi, the "Qingxiang" inspector, and Huang Xidu, the police chief, and capture Liu Zuozhu, the county magistrate, in the mansion.
Huang Chun took the 9th Company to solve the independent 5th Division training office in the West Street Catholic Church. This place is guarded by a company of spies, and its strength is relatively strong. Huang Chunyi decided to outwit him, first arranging the first and third platoons to block the back road on the hillside behind the Catholic Church, and then commanding the second platoon to shout at the main entrance: "Brothers, we are here to make trouble at the teacher training office!" Come and join us!" As soon as the soldiers of the special service company heard that it was a distraction, many people immediately ran out to participate, and in this way, the division training office was successfully disarmed.
By 3 p.m., the city of Pingjiang had been completely controlled by the rebels. Kuomintang flags were torn down everywhere. The streets and alleys were plastered with the "Proclamation of the Military Headquarters of the Fifth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" and various slogans written on red and green colored paper. The Proclamation reads:
In order to seek liberation, the soldiers were almost starved of food.
The heroic and bad colluded here and killed countless kindnesses.
As a result, the fierce battle repercussions, and there was no time to be on guard.
The lightning is not enough, and the divine soldiers come from the sky.
Kill corrupt officials and corrupt officials, and use the police as a tiger.
The land of the gentry was confiscated and distributed to the poor peasants.
All excesses and miscellaneous taxes shall be abolished.
In all the workers, peasants and merchants, production continued as usual.
Dare to spread rumors and incite, and resolutely enforce the law to bring them to justice.
For this purpose the proclamation is presented, and each of them is generously obeyed
Before the ink of the notices put up by the rebel army was dry, the party members and the masses who had been released from prison were smiling, some demanded to join the army immediately, some went out into the streets to propagate propaganda, and some led the rebel army to hunt down local tyrants and shoddy gentry and counterrevolutionaries.
The rebels seized nearly 1,000 rifles and about 1 million rounds of ammunition, and captured more than 2,000 militia groups, members of the "Qingxiang Team" and policemen. It's a pity that Li Huigen, deputy division commander, Zhang Ting, deputy director of the county "Qingxiang" Committee, and others have escaped.
At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the second battalion drove back to the county seat from Sicun and was warmly welcomed.
At this time, more than 500 students from the camp school, under the leadership of He Guozhong, were heading towards Pingjiang in full gear. After a rapid march overnight, they arrived at Pingjiang on the morning of the 23rd and joined the rebel army.
On the afternoon of the 23rd, the third battalion led by Huang Gongluo also rushed to the outside of Pingjiang City. Due to his lack of experience, he placed his troops 2.5 kilometers north of the city to rest, and went into the city himself to report the uprising, and He Zhongbin, the reactionary company commander of the Ninth Company, took the opportunity to defect with the battalion.
On the evening of the same day, the party committee of the First Youth League held a plenary meeting, which was attended by 10 people, including Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, Huang Gongluo, Huang Chunyi, He Guozhong, Zhang Rongsheng, Li Can, Li Li, Li Guang, and Deng Ping. The meeting discussed the lessons of the 3rd Battalion of the 3rd Regiment in the mutiny, and decided to strengthen the leadership of the soldiers' committee, mobilize the soldiers to elect officers, purge unreliable officers, practice soldiers' autonomy, equality between officers and soldiers, and practice the practice of cracking down on local tyrants and dividing land. The meeting studied the candidates for officers at all levels after the reorganization of the troops. Peng Dehuai proposed to the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China that Teng should be appointed as the party representative of the Red Fifth Army.
In the early morning of July 24, the sun rose in the east. Peng Dehuai strolled along the banks of the Miluo River and immersed himself in the joy of the success of the uprising. Suddenly, the guards came to look for them, saying that they were visiting a comrade from the county party committee. As soon as he finished speaking, he saw a female comrade walking over in a vigorous manner. Peng Dehuai hesitated for a moment, and then she introduced herself: "I am Hu Yun, from the Pingjiang County Party Committee. ”
Zhang Gongwu, secretary general of the county party committee, who accompanied Hu Yun into the city, introduced Hu Yun's life experience to Peng Dehuai: Hu Yun was born in a well-off family in Tianyue Township, Pingjiang. After marrying the son of a local landowner, she broke through the confines of her in-laws' family and was admitted to the Pingjiang Qiming Women's Normal School to study. After the May Day Movement, she joined the Chinese Communist Party. In 1927, Hu Yun participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising, burning down his family's house and distributing his belongings to poor peasants, thus winning the trust and love of the masses.
After listening to the introduction, Peng Dehuai couldn't help but be in awe of the female comrade in front of him.
It turned out that Hu Yun and others only learned of the news of the armed uprising in the city on the afternoon of the 23rd, and immediately arranged for the peasants to go into the city to check the local tyrants and inferior gentry who had fled into the city from Sixiang, and then walked to the city on foot from the Golden Cave. After the First Regiment arrived in Pingjiang, Peng Dehuai had been looking for the CPC organization, but had never been able to get in touch directly. When he saw Hu Yun and Zhang Gongwu, he was naturally very happy. The three of them agreed to hold a meeting in the city in the afternoon to celebrate the victory of the uprising and the inaugural meeting of the peaceful Jiangsu Soviet Government.
In the morning, a joint meeting of the Soldiers' Committee of the Insurrectionary Forces was held at the regimental headquarters. The meeting approved the change of the regimental party committee into the Military Commission of the Fifth Army of the Red Army, the implementation of the party representative system from the army to the company, and the establishment of political departments at and above the regimental level to ensure the revolutionization of the troops. Peng Dehuai was elected commander of the Red Fifth Army and commander of the 13th Division, and Deng Ping was elected chief of staff. The insurrectionary force numbered more than 2,500 people, organized into three regiments: the 1st Regiment, the 4th Regiment, and the 7th Regiment. Lei Zhenhui, head of the first regiment, Li Can, party representative; Chen Pengfei, head of the Fourth Regiment, and Huang Gongluo, party representative; Huang Chunyi, head of the Seventh Regiment, congratulated Guozhong on behalf of the party. The Fifth Army Military Commission was also established, with Secretary Teng Daiyuan, Peng Dehuai, Huang Gongluo, Huang Chunyi, He Guozhong, Zhang Rongsheng, Li Can, Li Guang, Deng Ping, and He Yi as members.
In the afternoon, all the commanders and fighters of the Red Fifth Army and tens of thousands of people held a rally to celebrate the victory of the uprising in the Yuechi Pond in Pingjiang City. Inside and outside the venue, there were packed of people, cheers and slogans shook the sky. The meeting was presided over by Hu Yun, responsible person of the Pingjiang County CPC Committee. Teng Daiyuan spoke in his capacity as a representative of the Hunan Provincial CPC Committee, in which he gave a report on the current situation, the political stand of the Communist Party, the significance and tasks of the establishment of the Red Fifth Army, the nature of the Soviet power, and the policy of administration. Peng Dehuai also talked about the significance of the armed uprising in Pingjiang and its future tasks.
At the meeting, the establishment of the Fifth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was officially announced, the establishment of the Pingjiang County Workers' Peasants' and Soldiers' Soviet Government, the election of Su Gutang as chairman, and the election of 15 other committee members, and the determination of the county's administrative policy.
At the request of the masses, the congress tried and executed Liu Zuozhu, the Kuomintang magistrate of Pingjiang County and director of the "Qingxiang" Committee, and others, and after the public trial, executed more than 40 local tyrants and inferior gentry.
The meeting was held enthusiastically and solemnly, and the mood of the masses was very high. The grievances and sufferings that have been weighing on people's heads for thousands of years seem to have been melted into bursts of cheers and slogans. Revolutionary songs such as "The Great Union of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers" reverberated everywhere in the city.
After the meeting, a joint meeting of the county party committee and the Central Military Commission was held.
The meeting decided to expand the propaganda work, fully mobilize the masses, arm the masses, and carry out a general insurrection in the whole county; Efforts should be made to eliminate reactionary forces, intensify reconnaissance and vigilance, strictly guard against the attack of the Kuomintang army, and strictly prevent the county's gentry, landlords, and other reactionary elements from absconding; restore and develop the Party's organizations and strengthen the Party's leadership; Resolutely confiscate the landlords' land and distribute it to the peasants.
The meeting also decided that Changshou Street in Pingjiang Dongxiang would be the center of the revolutionary base area. After the reorganization work was completed, the Fourth Regiment was dispatched to Pingnan to get in touch with the Liuyang County CPC Committee to assist them in carrying out their work. The Seventh Regiment was sent to Pingbei to make contact with the party organizations in Tongcheng and Xianning to assist them in carrying out their work; Peng Dehuai led the First Regiment and units directly under the military headquarters to march to Changshou Street, establish a revolutionary base area, and develop into Xiushui, Tonggu and other counties in Jiangxi Province. Efforts should be made to build a revolutionary base area in the border areas of Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi provinces, starting from Pingjiang in the shortest possible time. At the same time, it opened up contacts with the CPC's special committees in eastern Hunan, Hunan-Jiangxi, and southern Jiangxi, and established contact with the Red Fourth Army of Mao Zedong and Zhu De, and carried out the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the Hunan Provincial Party Committee, resulting in the division of the entire Luoxiao Mountains.
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