Written by: Dragon Tiger
Based on cultural relics and shielded by historical materials,
The tiger is looking at the eagle, and the eagle is looking at the peak, interpreting history.
Kazi Pass to the north of Anlong is a small place that appears in the magnificent works of the royal family. It can be said that without Dongsa and Dangzhang, there would be no "Nancage Uprising", and Nanlong would not have to change its name, so naturally there would be no name "Xingyi". In June of the second year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1797), the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, Le Bao, relieved the siege of Nanlongfu City, after a short rest, continued to lead the army south, and conquered the two villages of Dongsa and Dangzhang in August. This peasant uprising, which swept the Panjiang River with great momentum, slowly came to an end.
According to the usual practice, the court painter painted the "Seven Locks of Beard in the South Cage, Wang Nangxian Captured" to commemorate, and the Qianlong Emperor "Ding Si Jiuqiu (1797 Lunar September) Imperial Pen", inscribed a poem. Bawen: "The governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, Le Bao, played a report, conquered the cave sprinkle, became the thief's nest, the first reverse of the seven locks of beard, the king of the fairy was captured, and the poem was joyful." Wang Nangxian in the "first rebellion", also known as "A Cong", calls himself "Jade Emperor Niangniang", takes the hole as the capital, and takes the year name "Xianda". The other "Seven Locks of Beard" in the "First Rebellion" refers to Wei Chaoyuan. In history, Guan Yu only had "five locks of beard", which shows the might of Wei Chaoyuan in the eyes of the villagers. Shi Wei Chaoyuan called himself "Jade Emperor", took Dangzhang as the capital, and took the year name "Tianshun". It is worth noting that although Emperor Qianlong ranked Wei Chaoyuan before Wang Nangxian, the "Qing History Manuscript" recorded that "when the Zhangzhai Wei Qiqi beard, (Wang) Nangxian has illusions, and pushes as the head", which is the reason why most people only remember Wang Nangxian today. Of course, perhaps because of Wang Nangxian's image of a girl, it is more representative when resisting the suppression of the Qing army.
"The Seven Locks of Beard in the South Cage, the Capture of Wang Nangxian Source: The Palace Museum
Qianlong poems: "Yesterday, the south of Lahu began to Jing Miao, and this spring Guizhou revived the hustle and bustle. Rampant mongrels are united in their own gas, and joy is reckless and unrelenting. The two governors led the troops to make the same decision, and one of the ministers made a single contribution. Seven murders and six are also known as Jie, and Lu Bulian came to look forward to the bandits. From the perspective of Emperor Qianlong, the first four sentences are full of contempt, indignation and ridicule for the peasant uprisings that broke out in Hunan and Guizhou. The last four sentences describe the process of Le Bao, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, suppressing the "Nanlong Uprising". Le Bao personally led Chang Ming and Shi Jin, the chief military officer, and also "led the troops with two governors", that is, he would "make the same decision" with Jiqing, the governor of Liangguang, and attack from the north and south, "attacking Dongsa in five ways, and attacking in three ways." Although it is said in the poem that "a minister cuts the rebellion and makes a single merit", Le Bao is the commander-in-chief, and the "first merit" is okay, but the "solo merit" is obviously not. Wang Nangxian and Wei Chaoyuan were captured, and they were both carried out by their officials and soldiers.
Wang Nangxian takes the Dongsa camp Panshan as the command center of the uprising, the length and width of the camp are more than 300 meters, the inner and outer two circles of stone walls, there are more than 10 stone card doors, and the barriers are strict. Qing Lai, the prefect of Shi Nanlong, first demolished the outer wall, and the official army took advantage of the chaos to attack, and Wang Hongxin, the capital division, captured Wang Nangxian. Dangzhang is located 3.5 kilometers east of Dongsa, and was first besieged by Chang Ming, who was sent to the inspection department. After Le Bao conquered the cave, he personally went to add troops to help break the village, and the general protection of Hongyu and the general Yang Guoren captured Wei Chaoyuan. At the end of the poem, Emperor Qianlong raised the "Nanlong Uprising" to the "height" of the whole country. The "six" of the "Seven Murders and Six Crimes" respectively refers to Yao Zhifu, the leader of the peasant uprising in Xiangyang, Hubei, Liu Zhixie, Lin Zhihua, and Qin Jiayao, the leaders of the White Lotus Uprising, Xu Tiande, the leader of the peasant uprising in Dazhou, Sichuan, and Wang Baoyang, the leader of the uprising in Nanlongbei Township (specifically referring to the present-day Xingren Baling). It means that as of the "Nine Autumns", the situation of the "six murderers" is unknown, but the "Lubu" that Emperor Qianlong hoped for the victory could come one after another.
Wang Nangxian uprising battle site cultural protection monument
Today, the two uprising battle sites of Dongsa Wang Nangxian and Dangzhang Wei Chaoyuan still have remnants of more than 500 meters of defensive remnants and several seriously damaged stone card doors, which are no different from the status quo of most of the mountain military camp sites in Guizhou. In addition, the cave sprinkle village also retains several commemorative stone tablets and cultural protection sign tablets of the uprising of Wang Nangxian, all of which were erected in the eighties and nineties of the last century. Among them, there is a four-sided stone tablet of the Qing Dynasty, nearly 2 meters high, the square tablet base, the top tablet hat of the palace, not only the style is different, the content is more advanced.
The stele is erected by the villagers in the village "public discussion", the time is the "Nancage Uprising" 50 years after the Qing Daoguang years, according to the recognizable "Meng'en Zhangfu Decree Judgment", the text of the township rules and the people's covenant tablet, added the content of Zhang Qiang's "hearing the lawsuit and adjudicating the case". The four characters of the title "style plate rules" are slightly different from the forehead of most of the township rules and people's covenant monuments in southwest Guizhou, but are more similar to the "covenant monuments" of Dong Zhai in southeast Guizhou, perhaps this is related to Zhang Qiang's appointment as the prefect of Xingyi, who had acted as the prefect of Liping. Generally speaking, both the Buyi and Dong ethnic groups belong to the "Zhuang-Dong language group", and it is extremely normal for some customary usages in the township rules and people's covenants to learn from each other.
Zhang Qiang's "style of brand gauge" tablet
At the beginning of the inscription, it says: "Tongsa Village, Banjiang Village, all cultivated are grain fields and grain slopes, and cattle farms are boundary." Banjiang Village is located in the north of Dongsa Village, and both places now belong to Yitang Village. This means that this area is all cultivated land, and next to it is the hillside where the grass and cattle are grazing. It is worth noting that the inscription uses "Tong sprinkle", not "hole sprinkle", although the two words are interconnected, but according to the research article of Zhao Gongfei of Xingyi Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, when "Tong" was used in the early days, it was related to "large paddy fields", and this point of view is basically consistent with the inscription "grain field grain slope". The most important meaning expressed in the inscription is "When the spring is harmonious, all the plants and trees have their own pleasure." and the widows, widows, lonely and poor of the people, lose the great cause of the cattle farm." The first half of this sentence is taken from the "Hanshu · Emperor Wen Ji", which means that when the spring flowers are blooming, the grass sprouts, and all life is enjoying happiness. But those who have no relatives to support them, who are helpless and living in poverty, they cannot afford to farm, and they live by grazing. Now these hillsides are occupied by arable land, and there is no place for grazing, so naturally there is no source of livelihood. Although Zhang Qiang did not quote the next sentence, the matter was so serious that "or 阽 (diàn) in death", that is, on the verge of death, Zhang Qiang realized the love for the people, and still jumped on the monument.
Zhang Qiang's "style brand gauge" monument inscription rubbing
According to this, Zhang Qiang "ordered to break", and the two villages "left the mountains, a slope of Bangdong Mountain, a slope of Tipan Mountain, a slope of Wachan Mountain, Xiujun Pass, and a slope of Yanshan Mountain", and so on, cultivated land shall not be encroached upon, and can only be used for grazing. This is probably the earliest measure of "returning farmland to grassland" in southwest Guizhou. While protecting grazing, Zhang Qiang also stipulates that "the water ditch in the seedling field in the village should not be trampled by buffaloes". In addition, Zhang Chung gave special care to the disadvantaged groups, such as "widows and widows in the village are lonely, and all the grain and grain land they cultivate, or free of grain (money) and make it for private accumulation", that is, let the helpless people store grain for famine, in case of emergency. At the same time, the "widows and widows" who are forced to borrow money, and the villagers "should not be forced to be debtors", that is, they cannot annex the land of the weak through money lending. Due to the serious weathering of the stele, a large number of clauses cannot be identified, but Zhang Qiang's governing philosophy of "caring for the orphans and widows and helping the needy" is still very clear. History has no assumptions, and the causes of the peasant uprising do not need to be repeated, but if this monument had been erected fifty years ago, would the "Nanlong Uprising" still break out in Dongsa?