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(a)
Physical health risk protection
Prevent drowning: Try to avoid walking or driving in floodwaters; If the flood water continues to rise and the evacuation site is no longer able to protect itself, make full use of the prepared life-saving equipment to escape, or quickly find some door panels, tables and chairs, large pieces of styrofoam and other floating materials to form a raft to escape; Ensure that key populations, such as children, stay away from areas where floodwaters have accumulated.
(b)
Protection against biological health risks
Mosquito bites can be prevented by wearing long-sleeved clothing, rolling trouser legs into socks, spraying insect repellent, etc.; Avoid contact with rats or other wild animals to prevent bites.
Do a good job of wound care, the wound is best wrapped with waterproof materials, keep the wound clean, and avoid contact with floodwater; If the wound comes into contact with floodwater, rinse immediately with clean water and soap; If the wound shows signs of infection such as redness, swelling, and oozing of body fluids, you should seek professional medical attention in time, and according to the condition of the wound, medical staff should determine whether to inject tetanus vaccine.
(c)
Protection against chemical health risks
Prevention and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning risk: When using generators, pumps and other equipment in indoor environments, attention should be paid to keeping indoor and outdoor air unobstructed; If carbon monoxide leakage is found, first responders should choose a low posture or prone state to enter the scene, immediately open doors and windows, quickly move the poisoned person to a place with fresh air and good ventilation, keep the respiratory tract open, and seek medical assistance in time.
Protection against other chemical risks: In general, flooding can be considered to be a polluted and unsafe body of water, whether proven or unproven. Keep away from waters and items suspected of being contaminated by chemicals, especially strong acids, alkalis and other corrosive chemicals; Personnel involved in the work near the chemical plant need to pay extra attention to the relevant conditions of the plant, including the type of plant, the damage to facilities, the type of chemicals, weather conditions, etc., and report to the relevant departments in time if there are special findings; If there is an oil spill on the water surface, do not approach and contact the relevant departments in time; If you are injured by chemicals, you should seek medical attention promptly.
(iv)
Drinking water and food safety
Drinking tap water should follow the relevant recommendations of the local water company or government department, and the order of preference for drinking water is: bottled water> boiled water> water from temporary water treatment equipment. If tap water is available, release at least 3 minutes before drinking and bring to a boil for 1 minute. Well water that has been flooded cannot be drunk in a hurry and cannot be used for washing vegetables. It needs to be treated and sterilized before reuse, and then boiled and drunk. Discard foods that have been in direct contact with floodwaters and foods that have changed their character and odor. If the refrigerator is powered off for more than 4 hours, it is recommended to throw away the food stored in it.
(5)
Health protection for flood control personnel
Protective equipment to be equipped, including waterproof gloves, full-body waterproof clothing, insulated rubber boots, splash goggles, and masks; Cope with fatigue, adjust work intervals, strengthen rest, and prevent hypothermia; Improve working conditions (including rest environment, food quality, sanitation facilities, etc.) to relieve psychological stress in a timely manner.
(f)
Health protection of disinfection personnel
Protective equipment is required, including masks, disposable gloves, work clothes, and insulated rubber boots. After the disinfection work is completed, all the disinfection tools should be cleaned, and then the work clothes, hats, masks (or other protective equipment) should be taken off in turn, the clothes should be folded, and the outer surface of the work clothes should be rolled inside, and put into a special cleaning bag for cleaning. Disinfection personnel should not smoke and eat or drink when carrying out disinfection operations.
Interview with the experts
Jia Ru
Deputy Chief Physician of the Institute of Environmental Health Research and Evaluation of the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Source: Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention
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