Qishan, known as "Xiqi" in ancient times, now belongs to Qishan County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. More than 3,000 years ago, the Zhou Dynasty, which originated in the Weishui Valley, was born here, and the magnificent picture of China's ceremonial state slowly unfolded here
The "Book of Songs" was once bred here, and legends such as the Romance of the Gods and the Romance of King Wen and the Zhou Yi were also circulated; Mao Gongding was unearthed here, and the earliest complete courtyard-style architectural remains of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the mainland were also excavated; According to legend, it is the hometown of the Yellow Emperor's imperial physician Qi Bo, and it is also the location of Wuzhang Yuan, where Zhuge Liang died of illness......
Qishan, a small city known as the "hometown of Zhou rites", "the hometown of bronzes" and "the hometown of Shaanxi cuisine", is the embodiment of the eternal Chinese culture
On July 25, customers taste Zhenzi noodles at a Qishan Zhenzi noodle restaurant. Photo by Xinhua Daily Telegraph reporter Shao Rui
Speaking of Qishan, many people's first impression may be Qishan Zhenzi noodles. In fact, in addition to the taste on the tip of the tongue, the history and culture behind Qishan are more worth savoring.
"Chinese· Zhou Yu" said: "Zhou Zhixing also, the cormorant sings in Qishan." Qishan, known as "Xiqi" in ancient times, was named after "the mountain has two Qi (the meaning of two branches)", and now belongs to Qishan County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. More than 3,000 years ago, the Zhou Dynasty, which originated in the Weishui Basin, originated here, creating a Zhou culture that advocates virtue and etiquette, and the magnificent picture of China's ceremonial state is slowly unfolding.
Wuzhang Yuan Zhuge Liang Temple. Photo courtesy of the interviewee
The Book of Songs, a treasure of ancient Chinese literature, was once bred here, and beautiful legends such as the Romance of the Gods and the Romance of King Wen and Zhou Yi were also circulated; The bronze national treasure Mao Gongding has been unearthed here, and the earliest complete courtyard-style architectural remains of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the mainland have also been excavated; According to legend, it is the hometown of the Yellow Emperor's imperial physician Qi Bo, and it is also the location of Wuzhang Yuan, where Zhuge Liang died of illness; So far, the family style and family motto of respecting the old and respecting the virtuous, virtue and righteousness have been continued, and the excellent traditional culture has been constantly revitalized......
Qishan, a small city known as the "hometown of Zhou rites", "the hometown of bronzes" and "the hometown of Shaanxi cuisine", is the embodiment of the eternal Chinese culture.
On May 1, a waiter sets up a bowl of noodles in the back kitchen. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Yao Jianfeng
Zangzi noodles - the taste of culture on the tip of the tongue
"Dog baby (Qishan people's affectionate name for their descendants), the noodles are ready, you serve the first bowl to pour soup in front of the hall of the 'Lord of the Stove' and 'Lord of the Land', and bless us with smooth weather and abundant grains in the new year."
On the first day of the Lunar New Year, the first meal of the New Year is a bowl of hot noodles. Before the meal, the elders of the family will tell the younger generations to bring the first bowl of noodles out of the door to pour soup to pay tribute to the ancestors, the land lord and the god of the warehouse, etc., in order to hope for a smooth future in the coming year.
"The 'soup pouring ceremony' of Zhenzi noodles originates from the concept of respecting heaven and protecting the people in Zhou, and is a unique etiquette inherited by Qishan people for thousands of years. No matter who is married, funeral, or has a child to go to school, the banquet for hospitality must be served with noodles, and the number of ceremonies for pouring soup first and then opening the table has not changed. Yang Huimin, a second-level researcher of the Qishan County Culture and Tourism Bureau, introduced.
A small bowl of Zhenzi noodles condenses the respect and inheritance of Qishan people's Zhouli culture - knowing awe and etiquette.
Legend has it that in the last years of Yin Shang, King Wu triumphed, and on the way ordered someone to slaughter a dragon and reward the soldiers of the three armies. In order to make everyone full, the clever chef made Jiaolong meat into delicious Zangzi, combined with other accessories to make Zangzi soup, and then poured it on the cooked noodles, only eating noodles, not pouring soup, and the cycle repeated, so that the soldiers all ate a meal of unforgettable Zangzi noodles.
"Qishan County Chronicles" records another famous legend of Zhenzi noodles: in ancient times, there was a rich family in Qishan, who married a new daughter-in-law, was ingenious, good at making soup cakes, and the whole family liked to eat, especially the uncle. After the uncle was an official, he still liked to eat, so he called it "sister-in-law noodles", and over time, the homonym was "Zangzi noodles".
The authentic Qishan Zhenzi noodles pay attention to the noodles "thin, gluten and light", the soup base "fried, thin, and wang" ("fried" means that the soup should be hot, "thin" means that the noodles should be less, and "Wang" means that the soup base is rich), and the taste is "sour, spicy, and fragrant".
Thousands of years have passed, and the vicissitudes of life have changed, and the selection of ingredients and cooking techniques have been continuously improved, but the way of eating has not changed.
On July 25, customers dine at a Qishan Zhenzi noodle restaurant in Xincheng District, Xi'an. Photo by Xinhua Daily Telegraph reporter Shao Rui
"As the name suggests, there is only one bite per bowl of noodles, and this way of eating it can greatly preserve the flavor of the soup and taste the tendon of the noodles. Therefore, the Qishan people also call eating Zangzi noodles 'sucking' Zangzi noodles. Yang Huimin said, "It is not uncommon for a person to eat dozens of bowls of Qishan Zhenzi noodles alone at a time, and now there are more than six small bowls of Zhengzi noodles in the restaurant." ”
It's not easy to get it right. From preparing the ingredients, making to serving, it is necessary to go through a series of processes such as kneading, rolling, plowing, boiling soup, underneath, and pouring the dough, and any mistake in any of these links will affect the taste.
燣臊子肉 is the essence of 臊子面. If the meat is well cooked, the noodles will be seven or eight percent successful. The preparation of the pork is a combination of stir-frying, stir-frying, simmering, stewing and other techniques, and it also needs to be accompanied by a variety of condiments such as cinnamon, star anise, and chili. When the authentic pork is out of the pot, the color is shiny, the sour and spicy are moderate, and the color, shape and taste are complete.
"Qishan people think about Zangzi noodles everywhere they go, not only because the noodles are delicious, but also because the bowl has a profound cultural heritage, and the hospitality of putting others before oneself teaches people to be humble and benevolent." Xing Dongchao, an old man from Pucun Village, Pucun Town, Qishan County, said with great interest, "The bread and narrowness of noodles also have a unique meaning. ”
Through thousands of years of history, the delicious noodles have been fragrant for a long time, and they have entered a new era and are full of new vitality, and the thin noodles are connecting more and more participants, and the rich soup is stirring up a thriving industry.
In recent years, Qishan County has focused on the development of the folk food industry, and insisted on making the "one bowl of noodles" characteristic industry economy bigger and stronger as an important starting point for leading and promoting rural revitalization. In 2023, the economic output value of "one bowl of noodles" in Qishan County will reach 15 billion yuan, driving 94,000 jobs. At present, projects such as Qishan Zhenzi Noodle Incubation Base have been completed and put into operation, the industrial chain has been continuously extended, and the e-commerce transaction volume of "One Bowl of Noodles" has reached 1.88 billion yuan.
On July 25, customers dine at a Qishan Zhenzi noodle restaurant in Xincheng District, Xi'an. Photo by Xinhua Daily Telegraph reporter Shao Rui
In Shaanxi Qipinfu Food Co., Ltd., the modern factory workshop is clean and tidy. Founded in 2020, the company has developed a variety of convenience catering products with the goal of popularization and fast food. At present, it has 7 production lines, with a total investment of 500 million yuan, and the "Lailiu Bowl" Qishan Zhenzi noodle brand has been stationed in many shopping malls in Xi'an. Zhao Wanlin, the person in charge of the company, said: "Excavating the cultural connotation of traditional food, and then transforming culture into industry, let Zhenzi noodles go out of Qishan." ”
Eight hundred miles of Qinchuan are majestic, and there are fireworks in the world leisurely. As a "living fossil" of Zhouli culture, Qishan Zhenzi noodles were included in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage list in Shaanxi Province, inherited and improved in the development of industrialization, and the fragrance wafted into thousands of households, becoming a golden business card of Qishan and even Shaanxi.
Seeking great virtue - touching the root and soul of Lile culture
In the city of Qishan County, a golden phoenix sculpture shines brightly. "The phoenix is singing, and it is in the high post. The sycamore is born, and the sun rises in the sun. The record in the "Book of Songs· Daya · Juan A" has made the legend of "Fengming Qishan" widely spread, and the phoenix has also become the auspicious bird of Qishan County.
"Father Gu, come to the court. Rate the West Water Margin, as for Qixia. "Heaven is a high mountain, and the king is desolate. He is the king, King Kangzhi. He is in a hurry, and he has a trip. Children and grandchildren will protect it. "Opening the Book of Songs, which is known as the beginning of ancient Chinese poetry, many poems reflect the activities and practices of the Zhou people in Qishan, and record the customs and customs of Qishan in the Zhou Dynasty.
Jing Hongyan, director of the Zhouli Cultural Inheritance, Protection and Research Center of Baoji College of Arts and Sciences, said that the Book of Songs is an encyclopedia of the social economy and humanities of the Zhou Dynasty, and Qishan is the hometown of the Book of Songs, which has also precipitated the Zhouli culture that has influenced Chinese civilization for more than 3,000 years.
"Governing the country is not polite, and it is still ploughing without a." Ren Zhoufang, former director of the Baoji Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, introduced that the Zhou people's system of etiquette and music is to systematize various behavioral norms and form a code system and moral norms. From daily matters such as food and daily life, weddings and funerals, to major national events such as sacrifices and conquests, etiquette is integrated into all aspects of the social life of the Zhou people. "These ceremonial and musical work were mainly done by Zhou Gong." Ren Zhoufang said.
Duke of Zhou, surnamed Ji, named Dan, the fourth son of King Wen of Zhou, twice assisted King Wu of Zhou in his eastern expedition to Yin Shang. Because its mining is in Zhou, the lord is the prince, so it is called the Duke of Zhou. The exploits of the regent of the Duke of Zhou are summarized in the "Great Biography of Shangshu" as: "One year to save the chaos, two years to conquer Yin, three years to practice the dying, four years to build the Hou Wei, five years to camp into the Zhou, six years to make the ritual music, and seven years to become the king." ”
Throughout his life, the Duke of Zhou always took the word diligence and honesty as the cornerstone of his ideology and code of conduct, and made important contributions to the nearly 800-year rule of the Zhou Dynasty, and was respected as "Yuan Sheng" by later generations.
Since ancient times, Xun Lao pushed the Yuan Sheng, and he has never dreamed of a few people. For thousands of years, the Duke of Zhou has been admired by countless literati and artists. Confucius said, "Even if I am declining! I haven't dreamed of Zhou Gong for a long time! Cao Cao said, "Zhou Gong vomits, and the world returns to the heart." Su Shi said, "I am now dreaming of Zhou Gong." ”
Located at the southern foot of Phoenix Mountain, 6.5 kilometers northwest of Qishan County, it is lined with ancient trees and has charming scenery. This is where the Zhougong Temple is located.
Passing through the ancient tree towering trail, you can see a pair of couplets in front of the door of the music building, on the book "Listen to the ancient music in the flowing water, and look up to the great sage when you meet the mountain", and the horizontal criticism "the wind from the south".
According to the person in charge of Zhougong Temple Scenic Area, the original name here is Juan, the volume is curved, Ah is a hill, the east, west and north are surrounded by mountains, only the south side is connected with the flat land, the shape is like a dustpan, so the "Book of Songs" writes "there is a volume, the wind is from the south".
In 619 A.D., Tang Gaozu Li Yuan remembered the virtue and diligence of the Duke of Zhou, and issued an edict to build a temple for the Duke of Zhou in the ancient scroll. After generations of repairs, it has become the site of Zhougong Temple, which has the longest history and the largest area in the country, and people have come here for thousands of years to pay their respects.
Zhougong Temple Scenic Area. Photo courtesy of the interviewee
In the center of the courtyard, a white marble statue, wearing a hat, solemn and kind - this is the statue of Zhou Gong, and tourists have taken pictures.
"The Chinese advocate role models and models, and have always had a tradition of learning from saints. The moral character of Zhou Gong has a profound impact on the way Chinese live in the world. Yang Huimin introduced that in addition to outstanding achievements, Zhou Gong's loyalty, diligence, honesty, benevolence, and other excellent qualities have been praised by generations of descendants.
In the history of Qishan, there is also a great virtue who is as famous as the Duke of Zhou - Zhao Gong.
Zhao Gong, surnamed Ji, named Zheng, because of the mining of the city in the Zhao name. Zhaogong successively assisted King Wen, King Wu, King Cheng, and King Kang, advocated advocating virtue and virtue, and put forward the standards of honesty and goodness, honesty and ability, honesty and respect, integrity, honesty and law, and honesty.
According to the Zhao Gong Exhibition of the "Gantang Legacy" Diligent and Honest Education Base in Zhaoting Village, Qishan County, some officials wanted to build a spacious office space for Zhao Gong, but he flatly refused, saying: "It is not the ambition of my ancestor King Wen to work with my own body." ”
Zhao Gong listened to the complaint under the Gantang tree, relieved the worries of the people, and was known in history as "from Uncle Hou to Shuren to get their place, and there was no dereliction of duty", leaving the eternal story of "Gantang's bequest". "The Book of Poetry· National Style" records: "Cover Gantang, don't cut down, summon the uncle." Cover Gantang, don't be defeated, call the uncle. Cover Gantang, don't worship, call Bo said. ”
Jing Hongyan said that this poem represents the people's nostalgia for Zhaogong and their yearning for clean government, and Gantang has also become the embodiment of the spirit of Zhaogong and love for the people, and a symbol of clean officials and honest officials.
Wang Wujun, director of the Propaganda Department of the Qishan County Party Committee, introduced that in recent years, Qishan County has built the Zhaogong "Gantang Legacy" diligent and honest education base and the Zhou Gong diligent and honest education base, striving to use the excellent traditional Chinese culture to cultivate the culture of honesty in the new era, and attract more people to practice the excellent Chinese virtues of advocating honesty and diligence.
For thousands of years, the excellent character of Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong is still awe-inspiring. The rule of virtue, meritocracy, diligence, honesty and benevolence advocated by the sages of the Zhou Dynasty is the common spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation, and it is still shining in the long river of history.
Wuzhang Yuan - looking for Zhuge Liang's clothed mound
Leaving Zhougong Temple and driving more than 30 kilometers to the south, I came to the Wuzhangyuan Zhuge Liang Temple located in Caijiapo Town, Qishan County. "The rolling Yangtze River is passing away, and the waves are sweeping away the heroes." For thousands of years, Zhuge Liang, who has been admired by the world and praised as the embodiment of wisdom, has fallen on this magical land. Every autumn, the autumn wind on the Wuzhang Plain is bleak, so it is called "Wuzhang Autumn Wind" in history.
In 234 A.D., Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, led a large army, took the road to the valley road, seized the Wuzhang Plain, and repeatedly challenged the Wei army.
Zhuge Liang understood that this was a protracted war, so he divided his troops into the fields and supplied military rations for a long time. After more than 100 days of confrontation between the two armies, Zhuge Liang became ill from hard work and died of illness in the Wuzhang Yuan army. The later lord Liu Chan was posthumously known as the Marquis of Loyalty, and later generations often called the Marquis of Wu.
"Qishan County Chronicles" records that the Zhuge Liang Temple of Wuzhang Yuan is close to the Qinling Mountains in the south, Weishui in the north, and there are deep ditches in the east and west, and the situation is dangerous. After the star falls on Wuzhang Yuan, people build a temple here in order to commemorate Zhuge Liang, also known as "Wuzhang Yuan Wuhou Temple", and there is a statue of Zhuge Liang remodeled in the Qing Dynasty in the temple. For thousands of years, countless literati and artists have come here to burn incense and pray for protection.
Wuzhang Yuan Zhuge Liang Temple. Photo courtesy of the interviewee
Walking into Zhuge Liang Temple, what catches your eye is the eye-catching couplet engraved on both sides of the door post "one poem, two tables and three points, five zhang yuan through the ages", and the vertical plaque of the lintel reads "Zhuge Liang Temple of Wuzhang Yuan".
The first poem refers to "Liang's Father's Yin", the second table refers to Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition and the second Northern Expedition to the later lord Liu Chan's "Teacher Table", and the three points refer to the world's three points. The short seven-character poem condenses Zhuge Liang's magnificent life.
"Wuzhangyuan not only has a well-known legendary story, but also a rare calligraphy resort!" Wang Wujun said that the temple displays the inscriptions of the plaques and inscriptions of the sages of the past dynasties praising Zhuge Liang, among which the "Teacher Table" written by Yue Fei is particularly precious.
According to legend, Yue Fei, the anti-gold hero of the Song Dynasty, wrote the book "Out of the Teacher's Table" in the Wuhou Temple in Nanyang on the way back to Beijing, and passed it on to the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty.
"The Teacher's Table" has far-reaching intentions and is full of loyalty and patriotism; Yue Fei's calligraphy is vigorous and powerful, expressing strong and warm patriotic feelings; Fan Dengyun's knife work has both form and spirit, highlighting the extraordinary charm of traditional carving. Therefore, the stone carving of "Out of the Teacher's Table" is also known as the "Three Unique Monuments".
Walking in the Zhuge Liang Temple, there are countless couplets and plaques of different dynasties. There is the famous calligrapher Mi Fu of the Northern Song Dynasty left the precious ink treasure "Wuzhang Yuan high hatred of the empty Chen two tables, three points of Ding Zhi in Mr. famous works for thousands of years"; There are Qianlong and Jiaqing emperors' imperial pen inscriptions of "Tranquility Zhiyuan" and "Loyal to the Clouds" plaque; There are also wonderful couplets left by literati and ink writers, such as "Three Gu Xu Chi drives three points of the world, Longzhong is right, and the Six Military Chapters crusade against the six Qishan Compendium Book", "Wisdom and Longzhong are three points of the world, and the heroic teacher is a Dan heart" and other wonderful couplets.
With its rich cultural landscape and strong cultural connotation, Wuzhangyuan Zhuge Liang Temple attracts countless tourists at home and abroad to visit here and feel its profound historical heritage.
A tourist left a message with emotion: "The stars fall on Qishan Wuzhang Plain, which subverts our perception of heroes based on success or failure. This time I climbed Wuzhang Plain, with Mr. Kong Ming, and gazing at history brought me more enlightenment to life. As the Ming Dynasty writer Yang Shen said in "Linjiang Immortal ·Rolling Yangtze River East Passing Water": right and wrong turn to nothing. The green mountains are still there, and the sunset is red several times. ”
The local people performed intangible cultural heritage performances in the Zhougong Temple Scenic Area. Photo courtesy of the interviewee
Passing on the weekly rites - the charm of excellent traditional culture is still there
"Respect for the elderly, respect for the virtuous village, continue the ancient Chinese teachings, Shangde Chongyi, and cherish the legacy of Zhou rites", "The apocalypse civilization is filial piety and inherits the ancient teachings for thousands of years, and people do good deeds and morality pass on a new style". In front of the Village History Museum of Xiaoqiang Village, Jingdang Town, Qishan County, two quaint couplets attract people to stop.
Xiaoqiang Village, located in the hinterland of Zhouyuan, is a well-known ancient village in the local area, strolling here, you can see red bricks and tiles and Qing Dynasty tablet pavilions along the way.
It is understood that Xiaoqiang Village has a long history of virtue and filial piety culture. In the renovated filial piety cultural corridor, the new 24 filial piety is recorded on the cultural wall: often take your lover and children home, take your parents for physical examinations regularly, and accompany your parents to watch an old movie...... While taking a walk to enjoy the scenery, the villagers also received subtle edification.
Wang Qiufang, a villager from Xiaoqiang Village, Jingdang Town, Qishan County, is at home. Photo by Xinhua Daily Telegraph reporter Shao Rui
"'Let the sea and the sky be divided, and endure a word of calm and calm', this is the family motto that our family has passed down from generation to generation." Pointing to the family style and family motto posted in front of the house, Wang Qiufang, a villager from Xiaoqiang Village who has passed his old age, said that teaching by example is greater than words, and he and his wife usually help when they encounter problems.
Family style tutoring is the most valuable asset of a family and the best legacy for future generations. The Chinese nation has always attached great importance to the construction of family education and family style, from the story of Meng's mother's three migrations and mother-in-law's tattoo, to the family style and family motto of "the children and grandchildren of the Yang family, no matter the eunuchs, they will serve the country with their blood, liver and gallbladder", all of which inspire future generations.
"Cultivating and reading heirlooms" and "just and windy"...... Walking in Xiaoqiang Village, you can see the screen walls or gatehouses of different families, all of which have profound family mottos. On the boulder at the entrance of the village, there is a big word "filial piety" engraved.
Jin Jiandu, secretary of the Party branch of Xiaoqiang Village, said that in order to better inherit the culture of respecting and loving the elderly, and putting morality and filial piety first, the village committee held a collective birthday banquet for more than 180 elderly people over 80 years old in the village during the Double Ninth Festival, which has been held for six consecutive sessions.
"In the process of rural revitalization, we must not only pay attention to the economic benefits and beautiful appearance of the village, but also do a good job in the construction of rural customs and civilization. We use the culture of virtue and filial piety to cultivate a good family style, forge a simple folk style, and empower village governance with excellent traditional culture, so that the family style and folk customs become a business card of the village. Jin Jiandu said.
"Kiss the young, filial piety, listen to government decrees, know rules and regulations, act well, and poets, work diligently, and understand great etiquette." In the ancestral hall of the Xing family in Pucun Village, Pucun Town, Qishan County, the Xing family motto hangs proudly.
The family style and family motto demonstration household displayed at the entrance of Xiaoqiang Village, Jingdang Town, Qishan County. Photo by Xinhua Daily Telegraph reporter Shao Rui
Sort out the family style and family motto door-to-door, take family photos for the elderly, hold a moral lecture hall, and educate the people around them with things around them...... In Pucun Village, excellent traditions such as respect for the elderly, honesty and trustworthiness, fairness and justice are being internalized into people's action consciousness through a series of ingenious activities.
"There are more than 2,300 people in the village, and in recent years, there have been zero petitions, which fully proves that the excellent genes of inheriting the Zhouli culture have played an important role in the construction of family customs, folk customs and rural customs." Xing Baoen, secretary of the Pucun Village Party Branch, said that a good family style supports a good social atmosphere.
In recent years, Qishan County has continuously excavated the excellent connotation of Zhou culture, refined the spirit of the times of Zhou culture, explored the practical significance of Zhou culture, and promoted excellent traditional culture into institutions, enterprises, villages, communities and schools, so as to better establish cultural self-confidence.
"Derun heart, take the first step in life." Walking into the foyer of the experimental building of Chengguan Primary School in Qishan County, the first thing that catches your eye is this slogan.
This is a bronze wheeled carriage in the late Western Zhou Dynasty taken at the Jingwei base of the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology. This set of bronze wheeled carriages was unearthed in 2014 at the Zhouyuan site in Qishan County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Yibo
On the eve of graduation, Wang Yuanxi, a sixth-grade student at Chengguan Primary School, and more than a dozen classmates participated in the "Red Scarf Tells the Story of Zhou Culture" activity in the Zhougongmiao Scenic Area. She said that through the preliminary preparation and on-the-spot explanation, she benefited a lot, not only a better understanding of the culture of her hometown, but also a deeper understanding of the allusions such as Zhou Gong's commandments, holding hair and spitting and feeding.
"The carrier is constantly enriched, making the Zhou culture more palpable. Our most intuitive feeling is that children are more polite in their daily life, and have developed excellent qualities such as honesty, humility, and trustworthiness. Xu Marie, who has served as a class teacher in Chengguan Primary School for more than 10 years, said that the appeal and influence of Zhouli's excellent traditional culture have been enhanced, and the children's sense of cultural confidence and historical pride has been continuously enhanced.
Source: Xinhua News Agency