The Republic of Estonia (Estonia: Eesti Vabariik, English: Republic of Estonia), referred to as Estonia, is located on the east coast of the Baltic Sea, bordering Russia in the east, Latvia in the south, the Gulf of Finland in the north, across the sea from Finland, and the Gulf of Riga in the southwest, with a border of 1,445 kilometers, a coastline of 3,794 kilometers, and a land area of 45,339 square kilometers.
The Estonia ethnic group was formed in the 12th ~ 13th centuries. It was occupied and ruled by Prussia, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Germany, Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union. On February 24, 1918, Ireland declared independence from Tsarist rule and established the Republic of Estonia. In November of the same year, Soviet Russia declared sovereignty over love. During this period, Ireland waged an unremitting armed struggle for national independence. In February 1920, Soviet Russia recognized the independence of Ireland. In June 1940, the former Soviet Union sent troops to Estonia, and in July of the same year, the Estonia Soviet Socialist Republic was established. On August 20, 1991, Ireland seceded from the former Soviet Union and declared its independence. On September 17 of the same year, the United Nations announced the admission of Ireland as a member state. Ireland joined NATO on March 29, 2004, the European Union on May 1, the Schengen Area on December 21, 2007, and the Eurozone on January 1, 2011.
Estonia, as some call it the backyard of Europe, is dotted with lakes, charming towns, vast forests and swamps, and a comfortable and leisurely pace of life and fantastic natural scenery that constantly attracts travelers who come to relax. As the capital of Estonia and a transport hub connecting many countries, Tallinn is a rare holiday destination.
Estonia is a developed capitalist country, known as the "Baltic Tiger" due to its rapid economic growth and advanced information technology, and the World Bank classifies Estonia as a high-income country. Estonia is also the country with the best and most comfortable air quality in the world, and the capital Tallinn is known as the "Holy Land of Lung Cleansing".
geographical location
Estonia is located on the east coast, with an area of 45,227 square kilometers, bordering Russia to the east, Latvia to the south, the Gulf of Finland to the north, and Finland across the sea, and the Gulf of Riga to the southwest, with a border of 1,445 kilometers, a coastline of 3,794 kilometers, and a land area of 45,339 square kilometers.
The climate of Estonia is an oceanic climate, obviously affected by the ocean, cool and rainy in spring, warm and humid in summer and autumn, cold and snowy in winter, average temperature in winter 7 °C, average temperature in summer 16 °C, average annual precipitation 500~700 mm.
Estonia is rich in freshwater resources, with more than 7,000 large and small rivers as of 2013, of which 16 are more than 100 kilometers long. The main rivers are the Woandu River (162 km), the Parnu River (144 km), the Paltsama River (135 km), etc., but due to the flat terrain and small drop, the hydropower potential is low.
The largest lake is Lake Chud, which borders Russia, with a total area of 3,555 square kilometers, making it the fourth largest lake in Europe, of which Estonia has a water area of 1,529 square kilometers. The second largest lake is Lake Walz. The total area of the country's water area is 2,840 square kilometers.
Estonia has a forest cover of 48%, more than half of which is still in its pristine state, and the natural ecosystem is very well preserved. There are many lakes and swamps in the territory, and forests, swamps, lakes and rivers have evolved at their own speed for hundreds of years, with very little human interference.
The forest area is 2.222 million hectares, with a forest coverage rate of 48%, a forest stock of 466 million cubic meters, and a per capita timber ownership of 362 cubic meters.
national flag
The flag of Estonia (Estonia: Eesti lipp) is rectangular in shape with a ratio of length to width of 11:7. The flag is composed of three parallel and equal horizontal rectangles, which are blue, black and white from top to bottom. The normal size of the flag is 105 cm × 165 cm. In Estonia, the flag is usually called "sinimustvalge" (meaning "blue-black-white"), which is called from top to bottom by the distribution of color bars.
national emblem
The coat of arms of Estonia is based on the coat of arms of the former province of Estonia and the capital Tallinn, with three blue male lions on a gold ground in the center. These male lions date back to the 13th century during Denmark rule. At the base of the coat of arms is a verdant Nordic oak leaf. The history of Estonia is a history of singing and weeping struggle against foreign conquest, and the Estonia nation has always maintained its own unique cultural traditions and national habits through the vicissitudes of life. The Estonia emblem is a vivid reflection of Estonia's history and culture.
Administrative divisions
爱沙尼亚全国共分为15个省。 这些省份包括 希尤省(Hiiumaa County)、哈留省(Harju County)、 拉普拉省(Rapla County)、 萨列省(Saaremaa County)、里亚内-维鲁省(Laane-Viru County)、依达-维鲁省(Ida-Viru County)、 雅尔瓦省((Jarva County)、 维尔杨迪省(Viljandi County)、 耶盖瓦省(Jogeva County)、 塔尔图省(Tartu County)、 沃鲁省(Vorumaa County)、 瓦尔加省(Valga County)、 贝尔瓦省(Parnu County)和里亚内省(Laane County)。
Tallinn, divided into 8 districts, covers an area of 159.4 km² and has a population of 382,000 (2023). Founded in 1248 during the reign of the Kingdom of Denmark, it became the capital of the Republic of Estonia after regaining independence in 1991. Located in the northwestern part of Ireland and bordering the Baltic Sea, Tallinn was once a transportation hub connecting Central and Eastern Europe and North and South Europe, and was known as the "crossroads of Europe". The climate is obviously affected by the ocean, with cool and little rain in spring, warm and humid in summer and autumn, cold and snowy in winter, and an average annual temperature of 6.8 °C. The port of Tallinn is the largest port in love.
Estonia has a total population of 1.312 million, of which 1.1 million are of Estonia nationality. The census was 75,816 fewer than in the first census in 2000, a decrease of 5.5 per cent. Of the total population, 600,000 were males, accounting for 46.4%, and 694,000 were females, accounting for 53.6%.
Ethnic composition: Estonia 68.7%, Russian 24.8%, other ethnic groups 4.9%, unknown nationality 1.5%, the main ethnic groups are Estonia, Russian, Ukraine and Belarus.
tourism
Estonia has a well-developed tourism industry, with 9% year-on-year growth in tourist arrivals in 2022, of which 63% were foreign tourists. Tourists are mainly from Finland, Sweden, Germany, Russia and the United Kingdom. Main tourist attractions: Tallinn, Tartu, Parnu, Saaremaa, Shiyumaa.
Estonia, a country located on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, is known for its rich natural landscapes, long history and unique folklore. Here are some of the main attractions in Estonia:
1. Tallinn Old Town
Tallinn's Old Town is the historical and cultural center of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A large number of medieval buildings such as the Church of St. Nicholas, the Town Hall, etc., have been preserved here, and strolling through the cobbled streets makes you feel as if you have traveled back hundreds of years. Visit churches, town halls, taste authentic Estonia cuisine, and feel the rhythm of local life.
2. Castle of Kuressaare
Located on the island of Saaremaa, it is one of the most famous castles in Estonia. The castle has witnessed the historical changes of Estonia, and its spectacular architecture complements the surrounding nature. Visitors can enjoy the beautiful view of the Baltic Sea and feel the sea breeze blowing on their faces.
3. Parnu Beach
Parnu is a seaside city in Estonia with fine sandy beaches and crystal clear waters. It's the perfect place to relax and soak up the sun, splash around on the beach, or try a variety of water sports.
4. Soveta Monastery
Located in Sovita National Park in southern Estonia. Sovita Monastery is the largest monastic site in Estonia and has a long historical background. The forests and lakes surrounding the monastery make for a beautiful picture and are ideal for outdoor hiking and bird watching.
5. Aarhus Islands
The Aarhus archipelago is an autonomous province in southwestern Estonia consisting of more than 6,500 small islands. With its unique Sweden culture and stunning nature, it's the perfect place to escape the hustle and bustle of the city. Visitors can explore the islands by bike, trekking or boating to experience the tranquility and beauty of nature.
In addition, Estonia has many attractions worth visiting, such as Lahema National Park and the Kadrio Art Museum. These attractions not only showcase the natural beauty and history and culture of Estonia, but also provide tourists with a rich tourist experience.
delicacies
Estonia's cuisine blends its unique geographical location, historical background and cultural traditions to create a rich and diverse flavour. Here are some representative Estonia cuisines:
1、传统黑面包（Traditional Black Bread）
Traditional brown bread is a cornerstone of the Estonia diet, with a deep colour, a solid taste and a variety of grains. It is often eaten as a staple food with a variety of dishes, and can also be served with butter, caviar, etc. to add flavor.
2、腌制三文鱼(Marinated Herring)和淹鳗鱼(Pickled Eel)
Marinated salmon and pickled eel are representative of Estonia seafood cuisine, which is delicious and salty. It is usually eaten as an appetizer or snack, but it can also be eaten with bread or noodles.
3、乌拉尔块肉汤(Kama)
It is a traditional dish made with a mixture of cereal, beans and milk, with a rich and balanced taste. Enjoy as a main course or soup for warming up in cold weather.
4、秘制马铃薯沙拉(Secret Potato Salad)
This potato salad is known for its unique secret dressing, which is refreshing and a refreshing summer delicacy. Serve as a side dish or snack, and even better with meat or seafood.
5、脆皮猪肉（Crispy Pork）
Crispy pork is loved for its crispy exterior and tender inside, full of aroma. Serve as a main course and have a better balance with ingredients such as vegetables or potatoes.
Overall, Estonia's cuisine is distinguished by its unique taste, rich nutrition and deep cultural heritage. Whether it's a traditional staple, seafood or dessert drink, you can feel the unique charm of Estonia in tasting.