Spinach, which was introduced to the mainland from western Asia during the Tang Dynasty, has strong adaptability, can tolerate cold and drought, and can successfully overwinter even if it is planted in the lunar month when the temperature is very low.
With the increase in demand, the scale and area of spinach planting in China are expanding day by day, and it has gradually become a national vegetable in the north and south of the mainland, which is welcomed by ordinary consumers.
Recently, the temperature in various regions has gradually decreased, and it has entered the peak season of autumn vegetable planting, especially the planting of spinach in autumn, which has received great attention from grassroots planting groups.
Although most people know the basic planting techniques, some of them have the wrong planting time and lack of knowledge of fertilizer and medication, resulting in the overall yield quality is not as expected.
In order to increase the yield of spinach, improve the quality, and meet the supply of spinach in autumn and winter, it is necessary to understand the three common stubbles of spinach planting and master the basic matters that need to be paid attention to in the process.
Autumn spinach planting
Autumn spinach is planted from early to late August with suitable temperature and humidity, and harvested from late September to early October.
Select the plot. The soil for planting autumn spinach should be flat and loose, with good drainage and irrigation conditions and abundant fertility to ensure the supply of nutrients during plant growth.
It should be noted that the soil needs to be treated before planting, and when pests are found, the soil should be turned over or sprinkled with lime to eliminate pests, and at the same time, it is also necessary to sprinkle farm fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as base fertilizer.
Water and fertilizer management. Spinach seeds soaked in cold water for a day, you can sow seeds, vegetable seedlings grow true leaves, such as the soil is dry, to replenish water in time, adhere to small water and frequent watering, keep the soil moist.
Similarly, if the rainfall is too heavy, it is necessary to drain the stagnant water in the field in time. In the process, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied with water to promote the width and hypertrophy of plant leaves and increase yield.
Pest control. Autumn spinach diseases include cataplexy, downy mildew and root rot, and insect pests include cabbage worms, leaf miners, noctuidae and aphids.
In case of pests and diseases, it is necessary to choose symptomatic agents, appropriately rotate drugs, so as to avoid pests and diseases from showing resistance, standardize the dosage and concentration of pesticides, and beware of excessive drug use.
Harvest management. When the height of the spinach plant reaches 25-28 cm, it can be harvested, and it can be watered 1 day before harvest or on the same day to facilitate harvesting.
If the market price is too low, the harvest can be appropriately delayed for 2-3 days, but the harvest time should not be too late, otherwise it is easy to destroy the roots and rot the seedlings, resulting in a decrease in the value of the commodity.
Overwintering spinach planting
The planting time of overwintering spinach is from late September to early October, and the harvest time is from March to April.
Seeding management. Before sowing, the soil is carefully raked, oversized soil clods are broken, and sufficient basal fertilizer is applied to ensure that the roots are not disturbed by frost damage and wind damage, and the nutrient supply is sufficient.
The selected planting varieties need to be sharp-leaved spinach with strong cold tolerance, and after sowing, they should be watered in time to improve the seedling emergence rate, so that 5-8 leaves can grow before winter and form a 10 cm root system.
Seedling management. Spinach seedlings should be reduced the number of watering, promote the deep rooting of the root system, and two true leaves should appear, and the frequency of watering should be appropriately increased, and nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to promote the growth of seedlings.
It should be noted that topdressing at the seedling stage should not only look at the fertilizer, that is, the application of base fertilizer in the early stage, but also look at the seedling situation, that is, the growth of spinach seedlings, and the growth is good, so as not to grow in vain.
Watering overwintering water. If spinach wants to overwinter safely, it cannot do without overwintering water, which can maintain soil moisture, increase soil temperature, and avoid drought stress and cold wind threats.
Watering should be timely, and it is most appropriate to choose the most suitable stage of day and night freezing. If the irrigation is too early, the water will infiltrate rapidly, and the soil surface moisture will be insufficient; If you water too late, the surface will freeze, the water will freeze on the surface, and the plants will suffocate.
Rejuvenating water fertilizer. Plants successfully overwinter, to choose the right time, watering back to green water fertilizer, the time should be selected in the soil has thawed, the surface skin is dry sunny day.
If the water is watered too early, the water cannot penetrate, the water in the roots is damaged or even rotted, the leaf surface is curled, and the photosynthesis ability is weakened; If the watering is too late, the rejuvenation will be delayed, and the problem of premature aging and early sprouting will occur.
Immerse yourself in spinach planting
The spinach is planted in mid-November and harvested in April to May of the following year.
Planting characteristics. Buried spinach refers to sowing seeds before the soil freezes before winter, but the seeds do not really germinate, but spend the winter in the soil, so they take the meaning of burying their heads.
With this planting method, spinach is marketed earlier and more productive than spring spinach, and it is harvested and marketed later than wintering spinach.
Breed selection. The spinach is seeded in the same way as a cold-tolerant sharp-leaved variety, with a slightly larger sowing amount and watered twice with frozen water.
Cultivation management. If the temperature gradually rises in spring, watering should be carried out in time to maintain soil moisture, which is conducive to the germination of seeds buried deep in the soil and the growth of seedlings.
Until the seedlings grow two true leaves, it is necessary to strengthen the management of water and nutrients, strengthen the supply capacity, and promote the rapid growth of the plant, and avoid early sprouting in the process, and the height can reach 20 cm, and it can be harvested.
On the whole, whether it is autumn spinach, or overwintering spinach, or the planting of spinach, it requires superb planting management technology, and improper management will not guarantee the production efficiency.
Under normal circumstances, the number of grassroots growers who choose to plant autumn spinach and overwintering spinach is high, and it is difficult to plant spinach and the uncertainty of the growth process is high, so this planting method is carefully selected.