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Text: Twenty-one
Edited by Twenty-One
Tao Yuanming was born in a family of eunuchs, but he only worked as a very inconspicuous petty official at the grassroots level in his early years.
It wasn't until he was not confused that he did the county order, which made him, who had always been quite proud, feel disheartened.
Finally, after less than three months of making the county order, he chose to retreat to the countryside, and then completely "lay flat", not caring much about his livelihood and children's education and training.
In the end, not only did the five sons have no success, but they also died of poverty and illness.
Why did Tao Yuanming end up in such a field?
The family is in the middle of the road, and the countryside is retreated
Although Tao Yuanming's ancestor was a big official, the entire family of his generation no longer had the power of the past. When he became an adult, he only worked as a minor official, and he was depressed, so he had the idea of retreating.
Tao Yuanming's last place as an official was in Pengze, but less than three months after he took office, he encountered a superior supervising post inspector to inspect the work, and his subordinates advised him to be a good receptionist to avoid offending the leadership.
However, Tao Yuanming never refused to flatter his superiors, so he said to his subordinates: "I can't bend my waist for five buckets of rice!" At this time, the family wrote again that his sister had recently passed away in Wuchang.
After learning the news, Tao Yuanming was even more sad and indignant, so he immediately decided to resign and go into hiding, and never came out again.
Idle clouds and wild cranes, choose to lie flat
After resigning and returning home, Tao Yuanming lived a farming life of idle clouds and wild cranes, but judging from the idyllic poems he wrote, he seemed to be very poor at farm work.
The sentence "planting beans in the south of the mountain, the grass is full of beans and seedlings" is a good summary of his agricultural achievements, it can be seen that the planting is really not very good, the grass in the field grows more lush than the bean seedlings, it is difficult to say whether he is planting grass or beans.
It's just that the planting is not good, the key is that he also said that he "morningside is desolate, and he returns with the moon and lotus hoe", that is, he gets up very early every day to work in the field, and he doesn't go home with a hoe until night.
It's hard to imagine that he had worked so hard to plant the land like this.
It is estimated that he saw that he had worked so hard to farm, and the bean seedlings still did not grow well, so he prayed in his heart: "It's not a pity to have clothes, but I will not violate my wish." "I hope that my efforts will eventually be rewarded with good results.
However, Tao Yuanming has been an official before, and it is understandable that he is not familiar with farming. Later, as he became more and more proficient in farming, the field was no longer more grass than bean seedlings, but "seedlings were full of seedlings", and the roadsides in the fields were full of vigorous grass seedlings.
Although it is very hard to do farm work, Tao Yuanming is very happy in his heart, and often drinks to relieve fatigue, there is a poem: "Although there is a lotus hoe and tired, it is comfortable to talk about turbid wine." ”
If this kind of life continues, Tao Yuanming can spend the rest of his life comfortably. However, misfortune soon befell him, and three years after his resignation, an unexpected fire almost destroyed his belongings.
At the beginning of his resignation and retirement, he still had "more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine thatched houses", and this fire burned everything to ashes.
Since then, Tao Yuanming's life has become more difficult, but he loves to drink again, which undoubtedly further increases the burden of his life.
Tao Yuanming's increasingly obvious "lying flat" attitude after his retirement also had a direct impact on his children, coupled with his own neglect of discipline, resulting in his five sons not aspiring to study and spent their lives in obscurity.
The son has no tools, and in his later years he begs for a living
Tao Yuanming married two wives in his life, the first wife died shortly after passing through the door, and then married Zhai as a successor. Zhai and him have similar interests, and their married life is very harmonious.
Zhai's character is very noble, and he can stay poor with Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanming retired to farming for a living, Zhai has no complaints, the history of "the husband ploughs in the front, the wife hoes in the back cloud", it can be seen that Zhai is very virtuous.
Tao Yuanming and his wife have five sons, but none of his sons seem to be talented. Judging from Tao Yuanming's own description, they don't like to read very much, at most they follow their father to grow crops.
His eldest son is called Tao Shu, Tao Yuanming said that when his son grew up to the age of sixteen, he was still too lazy, if he was lazy, no one could compare to him, and later wrote in the poem: "Ah Shu is twenty-eight, lazy so there is no match." ”
It can be seen that Tao Shu was also lazy to a certain extent, so Tao Yuanming said it in the poem.
The eldest son was lazy and was not treated well by Tao Yuanming, and the second son was not much better.
Tao Yuanming's second son, named Tao Xuan, is also fourteen or fifteen years old, and he should have studied hard, but he didn't like to study, and spent his mind on irrelevant places all day long.
Therefore, Tao Yuanming was helpless when he talked about Tao Xuan, and only sighed: "A Xuan is a scholar, but he doesn't love literature." ”
It stands to reason that there are already two sons who are not angry, Tao Yuanming should discipline the third child well, but the reality is not the case.
Compared with the eldest brother and second brother, the third Tao Yong is not only not smarter and more diligent, but also a little "pure", and his IQ level is not very high. Tao Yuanming's evaluation of him is very straightforward: "Yongduan is thirteen years old, and he doesn't know six and seven. ”
Tao Yong has grown into a teenager, and he doesn't even know the numbers. I don't know if Tao Yuanming used exaggerated writing, or wrote it for the sake of rhyme.
However, at least it can be seen that Tao Yong is indeed not very smart, and it is estimated that Tao Yuanming, as a father, does not have any expectations for him.
In fact, in Tao Yuanming's evaluation of Tao Yong, it also includes the evaluation of the fourth son Tao Duan, and the "Duan" in the previous sentence is Tao Duan. Therefore, to put it simply, Tao Duan and Tao Yong are not very smart children, and they can't be counted on.
Tao Yuanming's top four sons are either lazy, unskilled, or have low IQs and are embarrassed, so it seems that he can only count on his youngest son.
Tao Yuanming's youngest son, named Tao Tong, was nearly nine years old at the time, much younger than his four brothers. However, as the saying goes, "three years old looks young, seven years old looks old", so how does Tao Yuanming feel when he looks at his little son?
The answer is: Tao Yuanming thinks it's not very good. Why? Because he complained "violently" to his youngest son: "Tongzi is nine years old, but he is looking for pears and chestnuts." ”
It turned out that nine-year-old Tao Tong was a snack and his first priority was to eat every day. Tao Yuanming may think that Tao Tong is likely to be a virtue with Tao Shu when he grows up, and he is lazy and does not do his job.
Seeing that his sons were not as good as one another, Tao Yuanming was very depressed and helpless, so he could only comfort himself: "Heavenly luck is like this, and enter the cup." ”
That's it, that's it, if God has to arrange it this way, then I can only obey. Rather than theorizing, it's better to drink and have fun.
As Tao Yuanming got older and older, he became more and more unable to even farm, and his sons couldn't count on it, which made his already poor life even worse.
In his later years, under the combination of poverty and illness, he was no longer able to farm, and later he could not even sustain the most basic life. ”
When he arrived at this step in the field, he also had to pull down his hat and often beg for food from relatives, friends and neighbors, and he also recorded this kind of embarrassing thing that made him embarrassed: "When he walked to Sri and knocked on the door, he was clumsy. ”
In the face of the old and sick Tao Yuanming, relatives and friends were willing to provide some help, and did not let him come in vain. Tao Yuanming was naturally very happy, and he said: "The master understands the rest of his intentions, and the bequest is not in vain." ”
However, his relatives, friends and neighbors could only help him for a while, but could not completely solve his livelihood problems.
Tao Yuanming often lived a hungry life after that, and he was already over the age of sixteen and was not in good health, so he soon fell ill.
epilogue
When he was dying, he did not complain about his sons' failures, but reviewed his own mistakes, saying that because he was stubbornly poor, his sons suffered with them.
Not long after, Tao Yuanming died in poverty and illness, and he finished this bumpy and chic life!
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