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In 200 days, he went from a "fat" emperor to a generation of heroes: the secret behind the prosperity of the Ming Dynasty
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The Ming Dynasty, a dynasty full of legends, from the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang's cloth cloth son to the Yongle Emperor Zhu Di's martyrdom, every piece of history is full of drama and legend, in this magnificent historical picture, there is an emperor who is particularly special, he is Ming Xuanzong Zhu Gaochi
Zhu Gaochi, an emperor who was labeled as "fat" by the history books, his life was full of contradictions and drama, he only reigned for 200 days, but laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of the Ming Dynasty, and was hailed by later generations as the founder of the "rule of Renxuan", so, how did this "fat" emperor create such brilliant achievements in a short period of time? What secrets are hidden in his life experience?
The favor of the imperial grandfather, the neglect of the father
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To solve the mystery of Zhu Gaochi, we have to start with his childhood, Zhu Gaochi was born in the eleventh year of Hongwu (1378), is the eldest son of Zhu Di, the king of Yan, at that time, Zhu Yuanzhang was in the prime of life, and the Ming Dynasty was also at the beginning of its creation
Different from Shangwu's father Zhu Di, Zhu Gaochi has shown a unique personality since he was a child, he has a gentle temperament, does not like to dance knives and guns, but is full of strong interest in books and knowledge, historical records record that Zhu Gaochi "fat and little moving", inconvenient mobility, but this does not prevent him from immersing himself in the sea of books and reading a wide range of books
Zhu Yuanzhang is very fond of this eldest grandson, and often takes him with him to teach, perhaps it is a "next generation", Zhu Yuanzhang's love for Zhu Gaochi even exceeds that of his son Zhu Di, he often examines Zhu Gaochi's knowledge, and appreciates his intelligence and diligence
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Zhu Gaochi's father Zhu Di has a lot of complaints about this eldest son, Zhu Di is a brilliant and decisive military strategist, he hopes that his heir can be like him, make contributions on the battlefield, Zhu Gaochi's personality and posture obviously cannot meet his expectations
In Zhu Di's view, Zhu Gaochi is too weak and lacks the courage and skill that a monarch should have, so compared to the careful cultivation of Zhu Gaochi, Zhu Di is more inclined to focus on other sons, especially the martial Han King Zhu Gaochu
In this way, under two completely different education methods, Zhu Gaochi gradually grew up, although he was not recognized by his father, but he was deeply loved by his grandfather, he was well-read, proficient in Confucian classics, but also familiar with the art of war, and had his own unique views on the way to govern the country
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Clever and strategic
In the first year of Jianwen (1399), Zhu Di launched the Battle of Jingyan and raised troops to resist Zhu Yunwen, Emperor Jianwen, which not only changed the political pattern of the Ming Dynasty, but also became an important turning point in Zhu Gaochi's life
At the beginning of the Battle of Jingyan, Zhu Di led his army south, leaving the city of Beijing to Zhu Gaochi to defend, at that time, Emperor Jianwen sent the general Li Jinglong to lead an army of 500,000 to besiege Beijing, and the situation was very critical
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In the face of the pressure of a strong enemy, Zhu Gaochi did not panic, he was calm and calm, gave full play to his wisdom and strategy, used the art of war, skillfully deployed the defense, successfully resisted Li Jinglong's attack, and kept the city of Beijing
In this campaign, Zhu Gaochi showed outstanding military talent and political skills, he was not only able to deploy troops and generals, stable defense, but also good at uniting people's hearts and winning the hearts of the people, he sympathized with the people, gave relief to the victims, won the love of the people of Beijing, and also laid a solid foundation for Zhu Di to finally win the victory of the Battle of Jingjing
After the end of the Battle of Jingyan, Zhu Di ascended the throne and called the emperor, known as the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, on the issue of establishing the prince, Zhu Di was hesitant for a while, he admired the courage and good fighting of the Han King Zhu Gaochu, but also understood that Zhu Gaochi was the rightful heir, and finally, under the persuasion of the ministers and the pressure of the primogeniture inheritance system, Zhu Di set Zhu Gaochi as the crown prince
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Recuperate and create a prosperous world
In the twenty-second year of Yongle (1424), Zhu Di died of illness on the way to the north, and Zhu Gaochi inherited the throne and was known as Ming Xuanzong in history
After Zhu Gaochi ascended the throne, he made great efforts to make the country prosperous, and adopted a series of measures to restore the people's livelihood and develop the economy
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He first ordered the cessation of costly activities to the West, and the abolition of unnecessary institutions, which lightened the burden on the people, and he also attached importance to the development of agriculture, encouraged the reclamation of wasteland, built water conservancy, and reduced taxes, so that the people could live and work in peace and contentment
Politically, Zhu Gaochi opened up his views, appointed virtuous ministers, humbly accepted advice, and carried out some harsh policies during Zhu Yuanzhang's period, and he rehabilitated unjust prisoners, released officials who had been convicted for their words, and restored their official positions
During the reign of Zhu Gaochi, he was diligent in government and loved the people, and made great efforts to make the Ming Dynasty political, economic, and social development rapidly, laying a solid foundation for the emergence of "Renxuan's rule".
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Zhu Gaochi died of illness after only 200 days of reign at the age of 48
Benevolence and pleasure, who is the real Zhu Gaochi
Despite his short reign, Zhu Gaochi was a controversial emperor
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He was hailed by later generations as the founder of the "rule of benevolence", a benevolent and loving monarch, and he implemented a series of policies that allowed the people to recuperate and the country to become prosperous and strong
There are also some negative comments about his greed for pleasure in the history books, and after Zhu Di's death, Zhu Gaochi was still addicted to pleasure during his mourning, and was even criticized by the ministers for this
So, which side is the real Zhu Gaochi?
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Perhaps, we should not use simple "good" and "bad" to evaluate a historical figure, Zhu Gaochi is a complex monarch, he has both a benevolent and loving side, and a greedy side for pleasure
He was frail and sickly since he was a child, and his mobility was inconvenient, which may be one of the reasons why he was addicted to pleasure, and he was not blindly greedy for pleasure, but after he ascended the throne, he worked hard to do a lot of practical things for the people, and it also proved that he was not a mediocre and incompetent person
More importantly, we should see Zhu Gaochi's positive role in history, although his reign was short, but he laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of the Ming Dynasty, his "rule of Renxuan" and the Han Dynasty's "rule of Wenjing", Tang Dynasty's "rule of Zhenguan" and called the three major prosperous eras in Chinese history, which shows the outstanding achievements of his achievements
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The wheel of history is rolling forward, and the story of Zhu Gaochi, the "fat" emperor, has become a wave in the long river of history, but his story is worth pondering: a person's appearance is not necessarily proportional to his ability, and the merits and demerits of a monarch cannot be judged simply by "good" and "bad".
Looking back on Zhu Gaochi's life, we may be able to get some inspiration from it:
- True strength comes from the heart: Although Zhu Gaochi is obese, he has a strong heart, he is well-read, has the world, and uses his wisdom and strategy to contribute to the prosperity of the Ming Dynasty
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- Benevolent government and love the people, in order to achieve long-term peace and stability: Zhu Gaochi was well aware of the suffering of the people, and a series of benevolent policies he implemented after ascending the throne laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of the Ming Dynasty
- The evaluation of history needs to be viewed dialectically: we cannot deny Zhu Gaochi's historical merits because of some negative evaluations, nor can we ignore his historical position because of his short reign
The story of Zhu Gaochi is a good story in the history of the Ming Dynasty, and it is also a legend in Chinese history, he used his life to interpret the traditional Chinese virtues of "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith", and also left valuable spiritual wealth for future generations
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