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This year's BRICS summit was held in Kazan, Russia, attracting global attention.
This summit is not only the first gathering of the BRICS countries after the enlargement, but also shoulders the important task of setting the tone for future development.
In the face of the wave of global multipolarization, many countries hope to use the power of BRICS to enhance their international status, including Turkey.
Turkey originally planned to join the BRICS, however, the Chinese side clearly put forward the four-word principle, which frustrated Turkey's wishes.
After Turkey's application was denied, it quickly retaliated against China and Russia.
So, what exactly is the four-character principle proposed by China? Why is Turkey joining BRICS? If joining the BRICS fails, how does Turkey deal with China and Russia?
The reason for the slowdown in the pace of expansion, China's 4-word proposal
The expansion of the BRICS countries once made many countries eager to try.
At the beginning of this year, five countries, including Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the U.A.E., officially joined the organization, expanding the organization to the "BRICS 10".
However, after this expansion, countries have found that coordination between new and old members is more difficult than expected, especially on some major decisions, which take a lot of time to grind.
Just as countries were busy adapting to the new pattern, Turkey's application popped up.
This comes as a bit of a surprise, given that Turkey has long been a member of the Western camp and has long sought to join the European Union as a member of NATO.
However, as Europe repeatedly turned it away, Turkey began to look to the East, joining the BRICS as a new way out.
However, in June this year, Russia Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that the BRICS decided to temporarily suspend the expansion of its membership and let all new and old members pass the run-in period first.
This statement is tantamount to pouring cold water on Turkey.
On the issue of this expansion, China has also particularly adhered to the four words "like-minded."
Russia has also expressed support for this position, arguing that admitting new members too quickly will only confuse the organization.
The internal contradictions of the BRICS countries have already begun to emerge, for example, during the recent UN General Assembly.
India, for example, has tried to get new entrants to support it as a permanent member of the Security Council, but has been opposed by Egypt and Ethiopia.
The rejection of these new members shows that the internal coordination of the BRICS countries is not as simple as it seems.
Because of this, countries have agreed that the expansion must be slow.
Turkey submitted its application at this time, which made people feel a little anxious.
In fact, Turkey's diplomatic strategy has always been to see the wind and cast a wide net, wanting to reap the benefits of the Western camp while not wanting to give up opportunities in the East.
As early as 2001, when the "Varyag" aircraft carrier bought by China passed through the Turkey Strait, it was blocked by many parties.
Turkey even demanded a $1 billion "toll", forcing China to temporarily shelve the aircraft carrier.
This application for expansion is reminiscent of the history of the past, when Turkey's duplicitous tactics repeatedly made China and Russia and other countries suspicious of it.
Turkey seems to be actively promoting its application to join BRICS, but the calculation behind it is not simple.
It is well aware of its precarious situation in the West, so it wants to use the BRICS platform to add some leverage to itself.
But for China and Russia, such motivations are far from "like-minded".
The Chinese spokesperson made it clear that BRICS countries welcome partners who are willing to cooperate for a long time, rather than countries that are swinging left and right in the multilateral arena.
These words, although not named, could not be more obvious to Turkey.
Judging from these circumstances, there is no way for Turkey to join the BRICS in the near future.
Turkey imposed tariffs on four countries
When it comes to Turkey's attitude towards the BRICS, it is really varied, and after being turned away, it immediately turned its face.
In October, Turkey announced that it would impose anti-dumping duties on some steel products from China, Russia, India and Japan.
The most ruthless is China, where tariffs soar to 43 percent, while other countries have much more modest tariffs of 6 to 9 percent.
This obviously has a bit of a "picky" flavor, and it seems to be specifically looking for China to vent its anger.
In fact, this is not the first time that Turkey has given "special attention" to China.
Back in June, it imposed a 100 percent tariff on electric vehicle exports from China and set a minimum tax of $7,000.
Even United States may not be able to do so, but Turkey is in a hurry to follow suit, as if to show that it is on the same front as the West.
China has also been quick to respond to the tariff turmoil.
On October 8, China's Ministry of Commerce submitted a request for consultation directly to the WTO, saying that Turkey's actions clearly violated WTO rules.
This move is not only to safeguard the rights and interests of domestic industries, but also to give Turkey a warning internationally.
China's position is clear: cooperation can be discussed, but speculation and repression will never be tolerated.
For Turkey, this is a wake-up call.
Turkey's duplicitous strategy, ostensibly maneuvering between the parties, has actually put itself in an awkward position.
Within the BRICS, it is natural that they are wary of this unstable style of diplomacy.
For China and Russia, this is not only a simple expansion issue, but also a confirmation of the direction of future cooperation.
They don't want friends who jump between camps, but partners who are genuinely willing to face challenges together.
The situation in Turkey is becoming more and more complicated. It originally wanted to expand its diplomatic space by joining the BRICS, but this calculation clearly fell through.
At the same time, it has to deal with a selox-free relationship with the United States and Europe, where the dream of joining the European Union has become increasingly elusive.
In this predicament, Turkey seems to want to curry favor with both sides, but the result is that both ends are not pleased.
For the future, it may have to rethink its diplomatic strategy, otherwise it will only fall deeper into isolation in international cooperation.
It is precisely because of the example of Turkey that the BRICS countries are increasingly aware of the importance of stability and cooperation.
The slowdown in the pace of expansion is not only for internal cooperation, but also to send a signal to the outside world that only countries that are willing to cooperate sincerely can become part of this multilateral platform.
And those countries that repeatedly jump between camps and chase short-term interests will eventually be shut out.
The future of the BRICS countries does not need to be superficial, but will be laid on the basis of genuine collaboration and trust
Resources
China sues Turkey at the WTO for imposing tariffs on automobiles China Economic Network