2019-05-24 14:35 | Zhejiang News Client | Reporter Cui Xuchuan sorted out
May 24th, early summer, the sky is clear, the wind is harmonious. Tiantai Shifeng Lake, lined with trees, a peaceful atmosphere. And 70 years ago today, Tiantai County ushered in a real liberation. It laid the foundation for today's prosperity and stability.
The Tiantai County Government Auditorium, on June 1, 1949, the People's Liberation Army and the local guerrillas met here. (April 1935)
Tiantai was the first complete county town in eastern Zhejiang to be liberated by armed forces. The liberation of the rooftops was not easy to come by. There were three battles to liberate Tendai Castle.
In the early morning of February 10, 1949, more than 800 people of the Second Guerrilla Column (referred to as the Second Column), the main force in eastern Zhejiang, under the leadership of political commissar Gu Dehuan and commander Ma Qing, raided the rooftop. Occupy the county government and the Kuomintang department, kill the enemy squadron leader, and annihilate more than 300 enemy troops. On the afternoon of the 11th, the troops took the initiative to withdraw from the county seat and arrived at Huading in the North Mountain to rest.
Three armed wars in Tiantai County
The liberation of Tiantai City was the first complete county town liberated by force in eastern Zhejiang for the first time during the Liberation War. At that time, the "Taizhou Daily", "Southeast Daily", "Ta Kung Pao" and so on were all reported with large character headlines. The American News Agency immediately reported: "The Red Guerrillas, active in China's coastal area, liberated Tiantai City, which is only 180 miles from Chiang Kai-shek's hometown." ”
After that, the second column moved to Sanmen County, and after liberating the county seat of Sanmen County, on March 1, it returned to the division tiantai. The county seat was occupied on the morning of March 2. In the area of Dayan Mountain outside the East Gate, a fierce battle was fought with the enemy, and the enemy crossed fire by mistake, and the attack was frustrated, and More than 10 people, including Tang Shengxian, were killed and 37 people were wounded. The second column withdrew from the battle that night and moved to Pingzhen.
In March, a regiment of the 220th Division of the Nationalist 87th Army was transferred to Tiantai, and the Taixi troops and the Southern District Squadron engaged in guerrilla warfare with them. On May 23, the regiment fled to Ninghai, and in the early morning of the 24th, some soldiers of the urban area of the Tenth Office of the Zhejiang Eastern Administrative Office and some soldiers of the Southern District Squadron sent people to report to the SanmenTai Work Committee on the one hand, and stationed in the Tiantai County Government on the other hand, and Tiantai was liberated from then on.
In mid-May, the CPC Taiwan Working Committee held an enlarged meeting in Haiyou, and in order to meet the needs of formal development, it was decided to end the organizational structure of the CPC Tianxin Working Committee and establish the CPC Tiantai County Committee and the county people's government, with Zou Yi as the secretary of the county party committee and county chief.
The Tiantai County CPC Committee and the County People's Government were established
On June 1, 1949, the 62nd Division of the 21st Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army arrived in Tiantai, accompanied by the 6th Brigade of the 1st Detachment of the Southbound Cadre Column, of which 85 southbound cadres were assigned to The Tiantai by the Provincial Party Committee. On June 5, more than 500 local cadres, guerrilla troops, and cadres above the platoon level of the People's Liberation Army held a meeting in the county government auditorium.
At the meeting, Wang Huaiqiu, member of the CPC Linhai Prefecture CPC Committee, read out the decision of the Zhejiang Provincial CPC Committee and announced the establishment of the Tiantai County CPC Committee, with Zou Yi as secretary and concurrently serving as the county magistrate of the Tiantai County Government; Zhang Hongyun as a member of the committee and concurrently serving as deputy county magistrate of the Tiantai County Government; Wu Shufu as director of the organization department of the county party committee, and Gao Huaiju as secretary of the county party committee. It consists of the Secretariat, the Organization Department, the Propaganda Department, and the Democracy Movement Work Department. After the meeting, the party's work shifted from guerrilla warfare to democratic government building and production construction.
Elder Zou became the first secretary of the Tiantai County Committee of the Communist Party of China. After retiring, Zou Lao settled in Linhai, and this year he is 104 years old and still in good spirits. On May 22 this year, Guan Wenxin, secretary of the Tiantai County Party Committee, went to Linhai City to visit Elder Zou. The hands of the two secretaries, the old and new, clasped together, spanning 70 years.
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Experience the battle to liberate Tiantai City and the two subsequent struggles against bandits
Chen Dazheng Dictation (Witness to the Liberation of Tiantai)
The battle to liberate Tiantai City was a major battle of the Tiantai Mountain guerrillas of the Zhejiang East Guerrilla Column of the New Fourth Army. The guerrilla units that participated in the liberation of Tiantai City included strong troops, Beishan guerrillas, Zhang Jinshun guerrillas, Cangshan forest machine units, sunshine troops in the southwest, and Ding Xuejing troops in Tiannan District, totaling more than 300 people.
The first time was at the beginning of the first month of 1949, because we wanted to enter the city more safely, when public opinion was about to liberate Xinchang, which made the Military and Political Personnel of the Kuomintang in Xinchang panic... In fact, the guerrillas in eastern Zhejiang set out from Jianshan on the night of the twelfth day of the first month of that year, passed through the ridge, came down from Wuyan Ridge until tiantai city was almost dawn, the Tiantai Kuomintang military and political personnel were still sleeping, three or five detachments entered the city, Tiantai City was liberated, this time the city was very smooth, only when Xitou entered the city, there was a small battle, this battle shook the roof very much, and the broad masses rejoiced. I had not yet joined the guerrillas, but like the spring thunder of the earth, there was a loud noise, and I wanted to join the guerrillas, but I was waiting at home.
The second liberation of Tiantai City after summing up the lessons learned in the first time into the city, in the first two months of February in the ancient calendar, the liberation of Tiantai City again, but when the guerrillas liberated the Dayan Mountain bunker outside the east of the city, they shouted that the enemy surrendered, surrendered their guns, and fired machine guns and other heavy weapons in the bunkers. On this day, there was heavy fog around the bunker, which seriously affected the battle, when the deputy commander of the guerrilla detachment, Tang Shengxian, shouted on the upper floor of the East Gate City, calling for his surrender and being shot coldly by the bunker, Tang Shengxian was heroically sacrificed, and then the fog around the bunker dissipated, and the guerrillas had to withdraw and move to Pingzhen in order to reduce casualties.
The second Tiantai City liberation battle, I was even more excited in my heart, I wanted to join the three or five detachments to fight, on the eighteenth day of the third month of the lunar calendar, under the introduction of Chen Guoli in the same village, I made up my mind to join the guerrillas, and the next morning, without concealing my mother, I secretly left the village and came to Xu Village, Shitang, Nanshan, where Ding Xuejing happily accepted my participation in the guerrillas in the southern district. The next day, Comrade Ding Xuejing held a plenary meeting of the Ding Department at Xutai's home, introduced the situation of the Ding Department, and talked about the situation and activities at that time, and so on, and since then I have become a member of the political work team of the guerrillas in Tiannan District.
On April 20, Chen Kangzhu, who was in the same village as me, said to me: "Your mother is crying 'dead' at home, so go home and see." "I immediately went home, from the village of Xiangli in Nanshan to the city, only to see the Kuomintang Yangtze River troops stationed at Chengguan, I entered from the south gate, and I was not afraid to go out of the north gate." The next day I went out with a wheat bar to cut wheat, when I walked to the old valley temple at the door, a group of armed personnel came in at the mouth of the village, at first I thought it might be the Beishan guerrillas, until I got closer to know that this was the Yangtze River troops, at this time I wanted to dodge it was too late, they grabbed me and asked Chen Kang where to help. I said I was from a neighboring village, I don't know. They pushed me hard, and when they came to the edge of the village, Chen Limei from the same village came out of the house, and they grabbed Chen Limei again, and I slipped away at this time.
When I came home at noon carrying a load of wheat, many neighbors and relatives said happily: "Dazheng, everyone thinks that you have been arrested by the Kuomintang, how dangerous." At this time, my mother said, "I have figured it out, how dangerous it is here." "He told me to go back to the army immediately after lunch. At that time, the troops were training in the Sanmen Sea Tour, and everyone was very happy to see me come back, when most of the guerrillas were training in Sanmen, preparing to liberate Tiantai City again, and by the morning of May 23, when they heard the news, the Kuomintang Yangtze River troops withdrew.
At this time, Shao Ming, the commander of the four detachments, immediately held a meeting to deploy the battle to liberate Tiantai City, and by eight or nine o'clock in the morning, two or three hundred people of the three or five detachments set off from the sea tour to March to Tiantai, and by noon, when it rained heavily, we were staying in Huangwu Village, Sanhe Township. In the middle of the night, the troops informed me to be a guide, and said that when the guide was to lead the way, in the middle of the night when the troops set off from Huangwu, I was the guide, leading the way through the Tantou Dongheng and Luoxi intersections, at this time it was already dawn, I led the troops through the Dongmen Cave, from Zhongshan Road to the county government lobby, at that time the large troops lived in various ancestral halls and public places, and our political work team lived in various offices in the county government lobby. A dozen people led by Chen Jianxi immediately posted a notice of the liberation of Tiantai City. At the same time, the two squads of Ding Xuejing's troops left behind in Lingxi also entered the city and did their work; two groups of the Kuomintang county brigade also revolted and surrendered to our guerrillas; and Qiu Mou of Yuhu Street also threw 16 guns and personnel into the guerrilla group, so that there were three forces stationed in the old city, and at the same time, the bandit Chu Mou also took a group of people and 100 pairs of sacks and baskets to the city and wanted to rob them. Because the guerrillas were guarding the west gate of the old city pass in advance, preventing Chu and other bandits from entering the city and robbing, so that the city pass avoided the robbery of the bandits, so that Tiantai City was officially liberated.
At this time, I remember that the first secretary of the county party committee was Zou Yi, and on June 1, 1949, 86 people from the southeast of Shandong arrived and held a meeting in the county auditorium to meet with the locals, and then formally appointed the leading bodies of the county party committee and the county government, as well as the secretaries of various districts and townships, announced that the arrangements were made, and the party and government organs officially began to work, at which point the reactionary forces of the Kuomintang completely collapsed, and the people of Tiantai really stood up. The 260,000 people on the rooftop are the masters of the rooftop, and they really sing, "The sky in the Liberated Areas is a clear day, and the people in the Liberated Areas like it so much." At this time, the social order of Tiantai was in order, the bandits were gone, the social atmosphere was very good, and even the feudal superstitions and old rituals and old customs of burning incense and worshipping Buddha disappeared at once, and it seemed that the world and earth had changed at once from the spiritual and religious point of view, and the masses were bent on yearning for the Communist Party and for building a beautiful rooftop.
At the time when the people of Tiantai were celebrating liberation, beginning to establish the people's own political power, and beginning to build the people's own beautiful homeland, that is, at the turn of the summer and autumn of 1949, Chiang Kai-shek had fled to Taiwan, remotely controlled the command, on the one hand, sent a large number of spies, on the other hand, called the Kuomintang reactionaries who had been lurking temporarily, crawled out of the dark corners, organized counter-revolutionary armed forces, under the banner of the anti-communist National Salvation Army, sabotaged everywhere, vainly trying to overthrow the young revolutionary regime, they went around making trouble, robbing, and destroying. At that time, it was obvious that Ge Mou of Ao Ge Village in Sanyi Countryside was operating in various places under the banner of the commander-in-chief of the Anti-Communist National Salvation Army, and there were bandits in Cangshan, Nanshan, Zuoxi, Hengxi Township, Pingzhen, and Jiejie, who climbed out one after another under the banner of the Anti-Communist Salvation Army.
At that time, in order to avoid the enemy's troublemaking, the Pingqiao District Party Committee moved to Yuhu Street, the Nanshan District Committee moved to Shuinan Office, the Street, Cangshan and other district committees moved to the city, and when the bandits were rampant, some comrades were also shaken in their thinking, went home to avoid, did not come to work, we could not find it, such as Qi Yuchao, who was in the same village as me, went home and did not work, Chen Jianhuo also went home and did not do it, but the bandits knew that Chen Jianhuo went home and broke into Lingxia Village, arrested him and told him to join the bandits, but he did not follow, and the bandits arrested him to Daciling and shot him. The bandits also sent a message to my mother to tell me to go home, otherwise Chen Jianhuo would be my fate, but when I heard this news, I did not waver and became more determined to make a revolution with the Communist Party.
In August and September 1949, one night we received information that there was a band of bandits stationed in Batou Village on Tengqiao, we reported to the county party committee, the county immediately sent a county brigade through Yuhu, the district committee asked me to be a guide to lead the way, that night from Yuhu to Tengqiao Village, I heard the bandit troops retreating from Shangbatou, the county brigade had breakfast at Tengqiao, moved to Qianshan, and encountered a band of bandits in Qianshan, I learned of this news in Pingzhen at that time, and I also set off from Pingzhen, and when I walked outside Shantou Pang Village, I saw only the gunfire of battle in the direction of Qianshan And when I saw a bandit running in front of me, I shouted not to move and put down the gun and bullets, he did it one by one, I told him to leave 20 steps, I went to get a gun and bullet belt, when I took this bandit to Pingzhen, another bandit fled outside the village of Shantou Pang, I also shouted and handed over a rifle and bullet belt, at this time I carried three rifles and bullet belts, and escorted the two bandits to the Pingzhen district, and after I went to the district and handed over the two bandits and guns and bullets to the district government, I thought about it carefully I was a person with no experience in shooting guns, with two bandits, carrying three guns, if the bandits were not honest, it would be very dangerous to resist on the road, but at that time, the bandits were defeated in qianshan, they were birds of fright, I was bent on the revolution just to suppress bandits, not afraid of anything, it was the firm stand of the revolution that inspired me to concentrate on catching bandits to have this courage and miracle.
When bandits were rampantly active in various parts of the county, robbing, killing, and threatening, such as the bandits snatching guns in The Ridge, the township chief of Jinshun Township being arrested and killed by the bandits, and the militia company commander of a village in the Nanshan District being arrested and killed by the bandits, and so on, the people of the whole county were panicked and uneasy. Under these circumstances, Chairman Mao of the CPC Central Committee ordered the masses to be mobilized in the newly liberated areas around the southern part of the jiangnan region of the whole country to adopt the policy of resolutely eliminating and suppressing bandit activities, and transferred the 185th Regiment of the regular army to Tiantai, and thus mobilized the masses under the leadership of the Tiantai County CPC Committee.
In the spring of 1950, bandits came out one after another, and under the banner of the Anti-Communist National Salvation Army, they went everywhere to disrupt the revolutionary order and disturb social tranquility. For example, in April 1950, I was appointed as the township mayor of Hengxi Township, one night when it was almost dark, I was walking around outside Qiaoting Village, only to see a person coming from the direction of Jiulong Mountain very suspicious, I caught him for cross-examination, he said that he was coming home from Shengxian County, I said shengxian should come from the direction of the white crane, but you came from the direction of Jiulongshan, I arrested him and locked him in the barn of the township office, and in the middle of the night I saw a gunshot outside the door, and shouted to the mayor of Chen Township to quickly open the door and surrender, I said calmly, Captain Xu, you keep the machine gun. If the bandits do not come in, do not shoot, if the bandits dare to enter, they will resolutely shoot, at the same time I said to another comrade, Captain Chen Banchang, you also guard the side door, the bandits do not come in and do not shoot, the bandits dare to come in, come and kill one, come and kill two, resolutely not soft. Just like that, the bandits did not dare to come in, and by dawn, they saw that the bandits had fled, and it turned out that these bandits wanted to rob them, and the bandits who were captured by us the first night, we sent him to the Pingqiao District Government the next day, and the first instance found that this bandit was a Sanyi townshipman and a bandit captain.
After the Qiaoting incident, when our township government moved to Xiazhuang Village, there was another incident of bandits rushing into the township office to grab guns, that is, in April 1950, the county party committee held a county-wide cadre meeting, and after listening to my report, Hou Xiru, the county magistrate, felt that Hengxi, especially Jiulongshan, was a place where bandits were infested, and he gave me two rifles to increase my strength. The next morning, after I returned to my hometown after lunch with Wang Jinggou, the director of the Peasants' Association, I took my shirt out to wash my clothes, only to hear two sudden gunshots, when Lu Shengcai and I were shocked, I didn't know what happened, and then I saw a child in the village running and saying, "Mayor Chen, after a few bandits saw you walk out, they broke into the township office and snatched two guns, and shot two shots at the back gate mountain to escape." "When we returned to the township, we saw that two long guns had been robbed from the township government office, and other office seals were still there.
Under the circumstance that the bandits were so rampant, the county party committee also arranged the 185th Regiment and the county brigade to carry out the second campaign to suppress the bandits in the whole county, and proposed to change the lenient policy of the past and put forward the policy of combining political offensive with resolute suppression. By 1950 he joined the bandits and served as the leader of the bandit brigade, only to be captured by us again. With the approval of the county party committee, a mass meeting of the whole district was held, and after the meeting, Xu was shot. In this way, all districts and townships in the county also mobilized the masses one after another to vigorously eliminate and suppress the bandits, such as the Nanshan District, the Cangshan District, and the Street District, and so on, and also adopted the method of resolute suppression, shooting the bandits in batches, so that the bandits' rampant arrogance and the arrogance of the revolutionary masses were greatly increased, and since then Tiantai City and the districts and townships have been truly peaceful, and the whole county has entered a period of land reform and so on.
(Documentary records from Tiantai County Archives Bureau)