In ancient times, there was an allusion called "Dong Shi Xiao Yi", which was recorded as early as the "Zhuangzi Heavenly Fortune" in the Warring States Period: "Xi Shi is sick and has a sick heart (颦, frown) in it, and the ugly people in it see and are beautiful (think it is beautiful), and they also hold their hearts and look at it." The rich in it see it, but they do not come out of the closed door, and the poor see it and lead their wives (wives and children) away. ”
However, this story does not have the name of "Dong Shi", but starts from Xi Shi. But its main thrust is to highlight the "ugly man in it." The "ugly man" is actually an artistic fictional character.
Regarding Xi Shi, wu yue chunqiu or yue jie shu are recorded. Xi Shi, late Spring and Autumn Period, Yue Guo Ju Wu (present-day Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang) Ramie Village people, surnamed Shi, named Yiguang, is a tree picking woman under the Rama Mountain, but also the Huan Sha girl by the Huan River, because she lived in the west of the village, so called Xi Shi, also called Xizi, was a famous beautiful woman at that time. Therefore, "the ugly in it is beautiful." Descendants are listed as the first of the four beauties in China.
Xi Shi is also a famous patriotic beauty in Yueguo. At that time, the struggle between the State of Yue and the State of Wu was fierce, and the King of Yue used the fourth of the "Nine Techniques" (one says "Seven Arts") of Wu, that is, "the beautiful woman who left (wei gifted) to feel her heart and messed with her plot." That is, "beauty counts". The chancellor Fan Li chose the beautiful woman Xi Shi, who was trained in song and dance and dedicated to Wu Wang Fuchai to confuse his heart. Xi Shi, bearing the burden of humiliation, cleverly cooperated with the plan of the Yue King to destroy Wu Xingyue.
Zhuangzi has described the beauty of Xi Shi more than once. "Zhuangzi QiWu Theory": "Mao Yan and Xi Shi (a li ji), the beauty of man, the depth of the fish, the high flight of the bird, the elk see the decision (rapid escape)." ”
This is what people often use to describe the beauty of the four beauties, what is called "sinking fish and falling geese".
"Zhuangzi Heavenly Fortune" said that "the ugly people in it see and are beautiful" is to reflect the beauty of Xi Shi with the vision of "ugly people". As the "Book of Jin" dai kui biography said: "Mei Xi Shi and learn its qi"; the Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai also had a poem "Eun Mei is not jealous, but imitates his qi", all of which contrast the beauty of Xi Shi with "the ugly person in it". But there is no name for "Dong Shi". It was not until the Song dynasty Huang Tingjian and others founded the idiom "Dong Shi Xiao Yi" that the character image of "Dong Shi" was stereotyped. Huang Tingjian also has a verse that "Xi Shi chases the eyes of the people, and calls the heart to be obtained", which is the folk proverb "The lover's eyes come out of the West Shi". Obviously, Xi Shi has become the standard of beauty in people's minds.
The idiom "Dong Shi Xiao Yi" is often used as a metaphor for satire, mechanical imitation, self-defeating, and ridiculous learning attitude. As Zhuangzi commented: "He is beautiful but does not know why he is beautiful." That is, the ugly woman (i.e., Dong Shi) only knew the beauty of the crepe brow, but did not know the reason for the beauty of the crepe brow.
Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei's "Xi Shi Yong": "Hold Xie Neighbor's Son (東施), emulate An Kexi!" ”
Sometimes I also take "obedience" as a self-effacing. "Dong Shi" became a typical example of the image of an ugly woman.
October 25, 2021
About author:Ma Ting, born in October 1933, is a native of Zhangdian District, Zibo City. Graduated from the Chinese Department of Shandong Normal University (now Shandong Normal University). Since 1960, he has served as a Chinese teacher in Zibo No. 6 Middle School and No. 11 Middle School. The first batch of teachers in Zibo City to obtain the title of senior teacher of middle school. He has published more than 200 teaching papers, essays, poems, etc., and has published essay collections such as "Miscellaneous Notes and Long Talks", "Polishing Anecdotes", "Farmer Yang Yukuan", "Sunset Collection", "Holding Hands Collection", "Harvest in Winter" and so on.
Yanagiizumi Financial Literature
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