What are some famous people in the history of Guangdong? The earliest famous figures in Guangdong are found in the literature, starting from the Qin Dynasty. After Qin Shi Huang dispatched an army to conquer Lingnan, Ren Hu, who was guarding Lingnan, adopted the strategy of attaching equal importance to war and care, with the aim of "peace and Han Yue", so that the southern Xinjiang of the motherland could be smoothly unified into the big family of the Chinese nation. After ren Huan, Zhao Tuo, who acted as the lieutenant of Nanhai County, worked hard to reconcile the contradictions between various ethnic groups and tribes in Lingnan, stabilize society, and establish the State of South Vietnam. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, although Zhao Tuo still practiced the imperial system internally, he paid tribute to the Han Dynasty. In this way, it is not only conducive to the stability and development of Lingnan, but also conducive to the continuous import of central plains civilization. It can be said that in the early stage of Lingnan's development, Zhao Tuo's efforts in appeasing and governing the localities and handling relations with the Central Plains made important contributions to the peace, stability, and pioneering of Lingnan, and was thus known as a pioneer in opening up Lingnan.
From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Two Jin Dynasties, the Central Plains regime changed, and the disasters of war were frequent, and the Central Plains Warriors moved south to avoid the flames of war. The relatively stable situation and the environment under development in Lingnan provide opportunities for this group of Nanlaishi people to exert their talents. For example, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Eastern Wu Dynasty, the Confucian Family, who carried out unprecedented academic activities in Jiaozhou, and Yu Feng, who pioneered teaching in Guangzhou, were all toshihiko of the moment. Ge Hong wrote "Baopuzi" in Guangzhou, summing up the theory of immortals and alchemy before the Jin Dynasty, and then refining Dan at Luofu Mountain, becoming an important figure in the history of Chinese Taoism and chemistry. Panyu scholar Yang Fu wrote the first lingnan local style and object chronicle in Chinese history, "Foreign Objects", revealing to the world the unique customs and styles of Lingnan.
From the strife at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, China's political situation experienced nearly four hundred years of turmoil. The prolonged unrest affected Lingnan to a greater or lesser extent, such as the change of regime that triggered the struggle for local control, and the impact of the Lu Xun Uprising. During this period, it was Lady Sin who made an important contribution to the unification and stability of Lingnan. Lady Xian was in the period of liang, Chen, and Sui, and the central government's control over Lingnan was weakened, and as a tribal leader with a population of 100,000 people, she had the ability to stand on her own, but she first helped Chen Baxian to peacefully unify Lingnan, and then at the time of the fall of the Chen Dynasty, she conformed to the general trend of historical development, returned to the Sui Dynasty, and repeatedly quelled rebellions, maintaining the stability of Lingnan.
After Buddhism was introduced to China, the Dharma generation gradually sinicized, but its gradual enlightenment from sitting to meditation, from still to concentration, and from concentration to wisdom still has a great obstacle to the spread of Buddhism. Huineng, a native of Xinzhou (present-day Xinxing County, Guangdong), founded his own family and established another sect of Zen Buddhism, the Nan sect. The core of Huineng Zen is that everyone has Buddha-nature, human nature, and can become a Buddha, and the way to do this is "no mindfulness" and "mindfulness." This theory of Huineng was a fundamental reform of Zen and further integrated Buddhism with the concepts of local Chinese culture. The popularity of the theory of this sect of Zen Buddhism has had a far-reaching impact, which has led to the increasing prosperity of Buddhism, and the people of Lingnan have more and more converted to Buddhism. In addition, Huineng's Zen studies had a great influence on the formation of Song Ming's theory, especially on Wang Yangming's mind.
In the Tang Dynasty, Lingnan produced two stars who shone in China, one was the above-mentioned Six Ancestors of the Southern Sect of Buddhism, Huineng, and the other was Zhang Jiuling. Zhang Jiuling, together with Yao Chong and Song Jing, is known as one of the three masters of the Kaiyuan Dynasty who served as the prime minister of Qingzhen. He advocated carrying forward the royal way and opposing hegemony; attaching importance to protecting the people and educating people, and opposing the use of poor soldiers and military force; advocating provincial punishment, thin conscription, and support for nongsang; and seeking truth from the name in the selection and employment of talents. Some of his ideas were implemented and played a certain role in social stability at that time. He presided over the opening of the Dayuling Passage, which greatly improved the traffic between the north and the south. He is also a famous writer and poet, revered as the grandmaster of Lingnan literature, his articles are elegant, poetic and elegant, and some poems are still famous passages that have been recited through the ages.
By the time of the Tang and Song dynasties, the Baiyue ethnic groups in Lingnan had basically assimilated into the Han nationality. However, before the Tang and Song dynasties, the accumulation of Lingnan's cultural foundation was still quite weak. In the nineteenth year of Tang Zhenyuan (803) and the fourteenth year of Yuan He (819), Han Yu twice belittled Lingnan, and in Yangshan devoted himself to changing customs and customs, educating the people, and running rural schools in Chaoshan, which had a far-reaching influence. Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty degraded Huizhou and Qiongzhou in Guangdong for seven years, and his footprints followed, and he followed indoctrination, seeking scholars and scholars, and the literary style flourished because of it. These high-level cultural people have taught the Central Plains culture with their prestige cultivation and advanced educational methods, which have played an important role in improving the cultural level of the Lingnan region and left admirable achievements.
At the time of the Two Song Dynasties, many Cantonese people who were involved in their careers were known for their honesty and honesty and daring to commit slanderous remarks. For example, Luo Mengjiao, who impeached Cai Jing and other "six thieves" and tried to protect Li Gang and moved the government and the opposition; Zhang Kui, who was known as "Southern Zhang and Northern Zhou" for his prosperity and eliminating evils; Cui He, who lived in a chaotic world and protected the people and governed well; and Wang Dabao and Li Haoying. Of course, the most famous is Yu Jing, another lingnan minister known as Zhang Qujiang. Yu Jing, Ouyang Xiu, and others were famous in the Renzong Dynasty for daring to violate Yan Jin's advice. He sent several envoys to Liao and Xia, and used clever and flexible diplomatic strategies to eliminate border troubles, so that the Song Dynasty gained a relatively long period of rest and recuperation. During the Song Dynasty, Guangzhou's foreign trade developed by leaps and bounds, and it had a lot to do with Yu Jing's ability to judge the situation and force him to exempt the ship loading tax. As for the distribution of celebrities in Guangdong's history, from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the chajuju examination is mostly in northern Guangdong and western Guangdong, followed by central Guangdong, and very few in other areas. By the Song Dynasty, for the first time, Guangdong surpassed northern Guangdong, and the proportion of eastern Guangdong also rose greatly, after the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the talents produced by central Guangdong, especially in the Pearl River Delta, were far beyond the talents of northern Guangdong, that is, the talents produced by the Chaoshan region and the Hakka region in eastern Guangdong also surpassed northern Guangdong and became the other two cultural centers. This contrast reflects the shift in economic and cultural priorities and the progressive nature of immigrant culture.
In the Ming Dynasty, Guangdong entered a period of rapid social and economic development, and the handicraft industry and commerce in Guangzhou and other towns have been quite prosperous. In line with social and economic development, cultural construction has entered a prosperous period, and colleges are scattered among them, laying a solid foundation for the cultivation of human resources. During this period, the prominent figures of Guangdong were no longer dominated by outsiders or the more intimate descendants of those who migrated to The Scholars, but were basically completely nativeized people born and raised in Sisi. These outstanding figures showed cultural characteristics with strong local characteristics.
Since Cheng Zhu Lixue was designated as an official philosophy, it has ruled the Chinese intellectual circles for more than two hundred years, and no one has dared to cross its line. However, "from the beginning of yangming and white sand, chaos began." Huang Zongxi believes that "the study of enlightenment begins to be subtle in the white sand." Chen Baisha also respected Cheng Zhu Lixue in the early days, but after more than ten years of exploration, he finally got rid of the old box of Chen Shou, opened up a new style of study, became his own philosophical system, and cultivated a large number of influential disciples such as Zhan Ruoshui and Lin Guang. With the prosperity of culture, more and more Cantonese celebrities have been born through the journey, such as a generation of Qing officials Hai Rui, a famous general Yuan Chonghuan, and Weng Wanda, who is known as the "first minister of Lingnan", all of whom are well-known celebrities in China. If you are proficient in the way of governing the country and the world, and Wen Han is brilliant, then qiu Rui, the "Emperor of the Ming Dynasty", is the first to be promoted.
Qu Dajun, an anti-Qing figure who lived at the time of the Ming and Qing dynasties, wrote a fruitful book, but because of his anti-Qing, he was regarded as a heresy by the Qing authorities, and after his death, the Qing Emperor repeatedly issued edicts to investigate and burn his works, and the pieces of paper could not be circulated word for word. However, most of his works have been preserved by people in every possible way and have become a rare wealth in Guangdong's cultural heritage. Others, such as Chen Gongyin and Liang Peilan, together with Qu Dajun, were called the "Three Greats of Lingnan", all of whom were very influential figures in Guangdong's cultural circles in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
Needless to say, compared with some areas in the Central Plains, where people have been talented and brilliant, there were relatively few outstanding figures with great influence in the big family of the Chinese nation in ancient Guangdong. Moreover, the main achievements of these outstanding figures were to assist the kings in governing the country and managing the localities, which was in line with the constraints of the geographical environment and ethnic composition of ancient Guangdong, as well as the basic characteristics of the gradual nature of immigrant culture. The emergence of Chen Baisha, Zhan Ruoshui, Qu Dajun, and other high-level groups of personnel also heralded the advent of an era in which Guangdong's outstanding figures were emerging one after another.