The United States once commented on Taiwan, saying that she is an "unsinkable aircraft carrier", which shows Taiwan's status in China's national defense and even global strategy. Historically, we also called Taiwan the "Barrier of the Seven Provinces" and the "Key to the Southeast", and in The history of China, there have been a total of 12 military battles in the Taiwan region that have occurred in a large and recorded history. Maybe in the near future, there will be another 13th war?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="82" > Sun Quan sent someone to Yizhou</h1>
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, in the second year of Huang Long (230 AD), Sun Quan sent Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to lead 10,000 soldiers to Yizhou (present-day Taiwan) and Qizhou (present-day Benzhou). I heard that Qin Shi Huang once sent the alchemist Xu Fu to lead thousands of boys, girls and boys to the sea to look for the Penglai Sacred Mountain and the Immortal Medicine, but stayed in Qizhou and did not return. There have been tens of thousands of families for generations, and the people on that continent often come to Dongwu to buy cloth, and people from the eastern counties go out to sea, and some encounter strong winds that drift to Qizhou (today's Ben). The place was so far away that Wei Wen and the others were not able to reach it, and captured thousands of people from Yizhou (present-day Taiwan).
According to the author, Sun Quan's original intention was to find the sacred mountain and the immortal medicine. In the Lianheng "General History of Taiwan" at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, it also quotes the "Later Han Shu Dongyi Biography", which roughly means the same thing. These texts are the earliest written records of Taiwan in the world.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="182" > the Sui Emperor's three exiles</h1>
According to the Book of Sui and the Book of Liuqiuguo, "... In the third year of Daye (607 AD), Zhu Kuan, a knight of the Imperial Guard, entered the sea to seek a visit to the world. ...... Emperor Wu Benlang sent Chen Ling and Zhang Zhenzhou to lead troops from Yi'an to attack him. To Gaohua Island, and then eastward for two days to The Island of The Dragon, and one day to Liuqiu. At the beginning, the generals of the southern countries served in the army, and some Kunlun people understood their words, sent people to comfort them, and did not follow the demands, according to the rebellious officers and troops. He attacked and marched into his capital, where he was defeated in frequent battles, burned his palace, abducted thousands of men and women, and returned with his army. Zi Er refused. ”
This means that the Sui Emperor sent people to Liuqiu (present-day Taiwan) three times, originally wanting to appease them, but because the natives of Liuqiu at that time did not comply, they broke through the liuqiu king's troops, broke through the palace, and abducted thousands of people to return. Since then, the relationship with Liuqiu has been broken. It is also recorded in the Sui Shu Chen Ling Biography. The Book of Min also says: "Fulu Mountain in Fuzhou, when the Sui Dynasty, plundered 5,000 households in Ryukyu and placed them here, and there are still descendants of them." ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="183" > the Southern Song Dynasty began to have garrisons</h1>
According to the Southern Song Dynasty Lou Key's "Wang Dayu Xingzhi", "In the seventh year of Qiandao (1171 AD), from April to Quanzhou, Dao County. ...... Gunshi Coastal, there are tens of thousands of acres of sandbars, the number of Ping Lake (now Penghu). Suddenly, the Shimayi Vishnu hid in the evil one and planted as much as he could. ...... In the beginning, whenever the south wind was encountered, the dispatch was prepared, and the labor disturbance was repeated, and the public built two hundred houses on its land, and the generals were sent to divide the tun, and the military and the people were divided into tuns, and the military and the people thought that it was convenient and did not dare to invade the territory. ......”
The meaning is roughly that Wang Dayu had just arrived in Quanzhou, and the Vishnu people landed on the Penghu Archipelago and plundered the grain crops of the Quanzhou immigrants. Then Wang Dayu built 200 houses on the Penghu Archipelago and dispatched generals to tun troops. At first, the Song army sent troops to the Penghu Archipelago in spring and summer, and returned in autumn and dusk, and in the spring of the eighth year of Qiandao (1172 AD), Wang Dayu changed the regular guard to a perennial guard. This was the beginning of the Chinese government's formal establishment of a perennial military and political organization in the Taiwan region.
Southern Song Dynasty, Fujian Road
Zhou Bida's "Shiwenge Scholar Xuanfu Dafu Gift special wang gong dayi Shinto stele" can also confirm that "from April to know Quanzhou,...... There was Vishnu, who sailed to the brink, whose body was pitch black, whose language was not understood, whose planting was all obtained, who dispatched troops to hunt them down, then entered the water and took his boat, and the captives were the guides of the townships, and plundered the nearby city of ChiyuZhou. So spring and summer were dispatched, and autumn twilight began to return..."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="184" > the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Inspection Department was established</h1>
According to the Yuan Shi LiuQiu, "By September of the twenty-eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1291), Yang Xiang, the deputy of the sea ship Wanhu, asked him to surrender with 6,000 troops, and if he did not obey the order, he cut it down, and the imperial court obeyed him. ...... In the third year of Emperor Chengzong's reign (1297 CE), the government of Pingzhang, Fujian Province, said happily that Quanzhou, now in lishu Province, was close to Liuqiu, and it was advisable to serve its news, or it was advisable to recruit it, and it was not necessary for it to transfer troops, so please try it nearby. In September, Hexing sent the provincial capital Fu Zhang Hao and the Fuzhou New Army Wanhu Zhang Jin to LiuQiuguo, capturing more than 130 people. ”
Yuan period, Taiwan
According to the Yuanren Wang Dayuan's "Island Yi Zhiluo", it is said: "To the Yuanjian, the Inspection Department is established." At this point, the Yuan Dynasty officially set up a "Inspection Department" in Penghu for jurisdiction, which was the first time in history that China set up an institution to govern and rule.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="185" > Zhu Ming anti-foreign three baotai</h1>
According to the Biography of Shen Yourong in the Ming Dynasty, during the Wanli Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty fought three battles with the Wokou and the Dutch in the Taiwan region.
The first time: in the thirtieth year of the Wanli Calendar (1602 AD), the Wokou invaded Dongfan (Taiwan), harassing the Fujian merchants and the first residents of Taiwan, General Shen Yourong led 21 warships to the sea, suddenly encountered a strong wind, only 14 remained. Through Penghu, he went to Dongfan, encountered the Wokou, burned 6 boats of the Wokou, beheaded 15 people, and captured more than 370 men and women.
During this battle, Shen Yourong invited Chen Di (General Gubeikou) to go with him, and Chen Di wrote this interview and observation into the "Records of Dongfan", which contains geographical boundaries, organizational social and economic life, folklore, and other aspects, and is the most important and reliable historical material for the early years of Taiwan.
At the beginning of the 18th century, "The Map of the Unification of the World by the Great Ming Dynasty" Fujian (partial)
The second time: In the thirty-second year of the Wanli Calendar (1604 AD), the Dutch East India Company Wei Malang led three huge ships, in the name of mutual market, to pay bribes to Gao Yu, in an attempt to occupy the Penghu Archipelago forever like the Portuguese occupation of Macau. Shen Yourong made solemn representations, pointing out Chen's interests and forcing Wei Malang to retreat.
The Ming Shi Foreign Helan has a detailed account of this matter, "There is tolerance for courage, and it is loudly said that the chief (Wei Malang) is heartbroken, but he knows, 'I never ask this.' 'His subordinates want to know what they are, and they have no fear, they are full of arrogance and discernment, and the chieftain is repentant, and the reward is returned, and the gift is stopped with a sigh, a glassware, and a knife and a wine, and the beggar plays the city. If you do not feel it, and if you forbid the adulterers to go to the sea, the offender will be punished, and the poor will be helped, and the people will have no food, and at the end of October, they will sail away. ”
Today, there is still a stone stele in the Penghu Tianhou Temple that reads "Shen Yourong's Resignation of Red Hair Fan Wei Ma Lang and Others" to commemorate his historical contribution to defending Taipeng.
Third: In the forty-fifth year of the Wanli Calendar (1617 AD), the Japanese shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu implemented the original plan of toyoni Hideyoshi's southern route and ordered Murayama et al.,D. to invade and occupy Taiwan. According to the British merchant house director Cox, in his diary, "Nagasaki and other sons of An led 13 warships to occupy Taccasange, and they called this island, which I call Isla Fermosa." ”
Map of Kaneiyu drawn by Japan in 1638
After the Wokou set out, they encountered a storm at sea, and only one ship arrived in Taiwan, and did not dare to return to Japan, so they invaded Fujian and were annihilated by Shen Yourong's army. To this day, there is still a stone carving (Tai Po stone carving) on Dong ju Island (Dongsha Island) commemorating Shen Yourong's capture of Wu at that age, and the inscription reads: "Wanli Jiang Wu great desolation, after the earth wax, Xuanzhou Shen Jun Yourong, was born sixty-nine people in the Mountain of Dongsha, did not hurt a single soldier." The Min people Dong should raise this topic. "This should be the most time in the history of the Ming Dynasty's anti-Wu dynasty.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="186" > dutch invasion of Taiwan</h1>
According to the "Ming Shi • Foreign And Lan", after Shen Calmly retired from the Dutch, the Dutch twice invaded Penghu to build a city and asked for the city, and later after experiencing the famous "Battle of Penghu" (recorded in the "Ming Shi • Foreign And Lan"), the Dutch retreated to Taiwan Island. According to the Ming Shi, Foreign Countries, Jilong Mountain, "At the end of the Wanli Calendar, the Red Hair Fan Boat was moored here, and because of the matter, it was ploughed and chiseled, and a temple was set up, called Taiwan Yan". That is the origin of the term "Taiwan".
By the fourth year of the Ming Dynasty (1624), the Dutch sent some people to invade the island of Taiwan (Tainan) and built Theranza Castle (i.e., Taiwan City, present-day Anping) on the island, and in the fifth year of the Ming Dynasty (1625), they built the Provincha Fort (i.e., Chichi City, present-day Tainan) on the Chichi Mountain opposite the Relandsha Fort. Later, he defeated Spain, which had occupied the north for 16 years, and in 1642 AD, he captured Chicken Coop and occupied Taiwan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="187" > Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan</h1>
In the eighteenth year of Qing Shunzhi (1661 AD), Zheng Chenggong led 20 towns (about 26,000 people) into two echelons, defeated the Dutch, and successfully recovered Taiwan.
In March 1661, Zheng Chenggong led a fleet to Penghu, and due to the influence of high winds, rested until the evening of the first day of April to march into Taiwan. At that time, because the dutch main force returned to Batavia (present-day Jakarta, Indonesia), there were only more than 2,000 people, stationed in Zeelandia Fort and Provincha Fort respectively. Zheng Chenggong took advantage of the high tide to enter the Taijiang River from Luermen Port, first successfully landed on the island at Heliao Port, captured the weak Provincha Fort, and then captured The Zeelandia Fort.
In April, the Dutch governor counterattacked in two parts, one crossing the river to reinforce Fort Provincha and the other attacking Zheng Chenggong's fleet, resulting in the sinking of the Largest Dutch warship, the Hector. On the sixth day of April, Fort Provincha surrendered. Later, the second echelon of reinforcements arrived, and the Dutch reinforcements also arrived in July, Zheng Successfully adopted the policy of "besieging and waiting for it to surrender", and finally at the end of 1661, accepted the Dutch surrender, ending 38 years of Dutch colonial rule.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="188" > the kangxi dynasty was established</h1>
According to the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty", "Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty", "Biographies of the Qing Dynasty" and other records, in the first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1662 AD), after Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan, he died of illness and was succeeded by his son Zheng Jing. By the twentieth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1681), Zheng Jing was violent, internal struggles were fierce, and the political situation of the Zheng clique was unstable and turbulent.
During this period, the Qing court held nine peace talks with taiwan's Cheng clique, but all of them ended in failure. After quelling the "San Francisco Rebellion," the Kangxi Emperor decided to take advantage of the fierce internal struggle within the Zheng clique in Taiwan and the separation of some soldiers and civilians from Germany to prepare for the invasion of Taiwan.
According to Tongzhi's "Quanzhou Fu Zhi", kangxi restored the fujian water division system in the sixteenth year (1677); in the eighteenth year of Kangxi (1679), Wan Zhengse (formerly the chief officer of the Water Division of Yuezhou, Hunan) who was familiar with the Taiwan Strait and fought bravely was appointed as the capital of the Fujian water division; between June and November of the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), the imperial court accepted a total of 1237 officials and 11639 soldiers from the Taiwan Zheng clique.
In the twenty-second year of Kangxi (1683), Kangxi sent Shi Lang to lead more than 30,000 sailors and more than 300 warships from Tongshan Port on Dongshan Island in Fujian Province to march to Penghu. Zheng Ketuan, the ruler of Taiwan's Zheng clique, sent liu Guoxuan, who was brave and good at war, to guard Penghu.
Taking advantage of the familiarity with the island, the Zheng army fired at the same time, and the two sides of the battle were extremely fierce. Shi Lang took advantage of the "south wind and the south current" and used "firearms, fire boats, and wind and long-range hair" to defeat the Zheng army. Liu Guoxuan fled back to Taiwan with only the remaining 30 or so ships, "Ke Tu was horrified, and sent the envoys to beg for surrender."
After Taiwan was pacified, there was a lot of discussion about how to deal with Taiwan. There are three main methods of disposal:
The first view: Some ministers believe that Taiwan is "isolated overseas, easy to be a thief, and want to abandon it"; some ministers say that "overseas mud pills are not enough to expand for China, naked tattoos, not enough to keep together, and it is useless to spend money on the Tianfu every day, and it is not as good as moving to others and emptying its land.", that is, they think that Taiwan and the mainland are separated from the Taiwan Strait, it is more difficult to manage, and it also costs a lot of money, which is too difficult for the Qing court, which has been war-torn, and it is better to relocate the local people to abandon Taiwan.
1820 Taiwan Province
Second view: sold to the Dutch. It is reported that in February of the eighteenth year of The Kangxi Dynasty, Kangxi also "specially instructed the king of the Netherlands to order twenty splint ships to carry powerful troops to attack the second island." In the agreement between the Qing court and the Dutch, "after capturing this island (Taiwan), the Qing army should hand over the island and all castle objects to the Dutch for the Dutch to live in", after all, the main purpose of the Qing court at that time was to eliminate the Southern Ming forces, the enemy of the enemy, that is, the friend.
The third point of view: to manage. According to Shi Lang's "Gong Chen Taiwan Abandonment", "It is the left protector of the four provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong... Although Taiwan is an outer island, it is the key to the four provinces", Kangxi listened to it, and after many consultations with relevant ministers, decided to adopt Shi Lang's opinion. In the 23rd year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1684 AD), "taiwan province was reorganized, belonging to Fujian Province, and lingxian was three." ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="189" > retired from the British five times in the late Qing Dynasty</h1>
During the Opium War, there were also 5 large and small battles in the Taiwan region, all of which were repelled by Yao Ying, who was then the military commander of Taiwan BingbeiDao (Taiwan).
Yao Ying (1785-1853 AD), also known as Shifu, was a native of Tongcheng, Anhui Province. "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty, Biography of Yao Ying": "(Daoguang) In the autumn of the twenty-first year, the British soldiers committed two crimes against the chicken cage Haikou, and in the first month of the next year, they committed another crime against Da'an Port. Ying set up a strategy, and the Dahong Atushi army was in a company, and there were many gains, and many guns in Ningbo and Xiamen were lost before the collection.
On September 30, the twenty-first year of Daoguang (1841 AD), the British two-masted gunboat "Narbuda" bombarded Keelung (Chicken Coop), and the staff general Qiu Zhengong commanded the firing of 8,000 kilograms of huge cannons to return fire, the British ship was wounded, and sank in the escape, the British army lost 32 people, 133 were captured, and the weapons and maps were captured by the Keelung defenders. In the same year, on October 19, a British three-masted warship attacked SanshaWan and was repulsed by the defenders after landing.
On March 11, 1842, the British "Nalbuda" and three other ships, including the British "Nalbuda", attacked the port of Da'an at the junction of Tamsui and Changhua, and Yao Ying adopted the tactic of "luring and stranding, setting up ambushes and capturing", of which the "Arn" was lured to the reef by the local defenders (disguised as fishermen) and stranded at multiple reefs, killing and wounding dozens of British troops, capturing 49 people, capturing 11 cannons and other booty.
There were two other battles: in July 1840, a British brig invaded the sea outside the Lu'er Gate in Taiwan and was repelled by Yao Ying's troops; in July 1841, three British three-masted ships invaded again, and were beaten to the ground and fled. These five victories killed more than 130 British troops, captured more than 200 prisoners, and captured a large number of weapons and ammunition. All because Yao Ying has made full preparations, interested people can search for Mr. Chen Youbing's "A Generation of Wizards who Have Both Literature and Martial Arts and "All Can Be Of Great Use"--The Thirty-first of the New Examination of the Classic Famous Passages", which has a detailed record of Yao Ying's protection of Taiwan and resistance to Britain.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="190" > Japan invaded Taiwan twice</h1>
According to the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" and the Qing Dynasty Luo Huanxuan's "The End of the Sino-Japanese Military Affair" and "Record of the Partition of Taiwan", the Japanese and Qing governments mainly fought two major battles in Taiwan:
The first: The Peony Society Incident
Background: Since the beginning of the Zhu Ming Dynasty, the Ryukyu Kingdom has been a vassal state of China, and Ryukyu has also recognized China as a suzerainty, because the Ryukyu Dynasty is the most tribute to the Ming Dynasty among all the vassal states, and then exchanged "Chinese silk" for "Japanese silver", causing Japan to covet. In 1609, the Satsuma invaded Ryukyu and invaded the royal capital, and since then Ryukyu has been in the "Sino-Japanese (Satsuma)" vassal state, on the one hand, the ruling class is controlled by the Satsuma faction, and on the other hand, it pays annual tribute to China. In 1867, during the Meiji Restoration, in order to transfer the focus and contradictions in the country, there were ideas such as "conquest of Korea" and "sending troops to Taiwan".
In October of the 10th year of Tongzhi (1871 AD), when the ship that had paid tribute to Naha on Ryukyu Miyakojima was returning to sail, it was killed by the indigenous people of Taiwan by a typhoon drifting to Taiwan. Such incidents occur from time to time, and it is customary for the Chinese government to provide a pension and return to its home country. In the twelfth year of Tongzhi (1873 AD), the Japanese government's Ministry of Foreign Affairs mentioned to the Chinese Prime Minister Yamen, and simply replied: "Shengfan (Taiwan's aborigines) is not cut down by myself, but your country cuts itself." "Japan used this as an excuse to send troops to Taiwan.
Process: On May 8, the thirteenth year of Tongzhi (1874 AD), the Meiji government decided to suspend the operation due to diplomatic pressure, and Saigo Congdao (governor of the Japanese Taiwan Prefectural Affairs Bureau) arbitrarily led 3,600 soldiers to Taiwan and landed at Sheliao (present-day Pingtung County, Taiwan Province), which was also the indiscriminate behavior of Japanese militarist officers on the battlefield.
By May 21, Japan and the aborigines were engaged in sporadic engagements, with casualties. On May 22, the Japanese army arrived in Shimen Village, encountered strong resistance from the aborigines, and fierce battles broke out, and the father and son of the Taiwanese aboriginal Peony Society, Alu, were killed. On June 1, the Japanese army attacked the Peony Society, the Gaoshi Buddha Society, and the Nüyu (Ernai) Society in three ways, and on July 1, the TaiwanEse Indigenous Three Societies surrendered.
The film "Sedek Balai" about the anti-Japanese resistance of Taiwanese aborigines
In late May, the Qing government also sent Shen Baozhen, minister of shipping, to preside over Taiwan affairs, and Tang Dingkui of the Huai Army led a well-equipped main thirteenth battalion of 6,500 people to Taiwan.
Under the "mediation" of the United States, Britain, and other countries, China and Japan signed the "Beijing Special Treaty," in which Japan extorted 500,000 taels of silver from the Qing Dynasty, 100,000 taels of silver for "pensions" and 400,000 taels for "buying roads and houses.", and forced the Qing court to admit that the Japanese invasion of Taiwan was "a righteous act to protect the people, and China did not mean that it was not" (that is, indirectly recognizing that the Ryukyuans were Japanese subjects), "Japanese soldiers returned to China, performed a triumphant ceremony; and entered the Daojue." Cover itself is beneficial to light China. The Qing government recognized the importance of Taiwan and established Taiwan Province in 1885.
Second: The War of Yiwei (Anti-Japanese Resistance after the Treaty of Maguan)
On April 17, the 21st year of Guangxu (1895 AD), the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Naval Battle ended in the defeat of the Qing government, which was forced to sign the Treaty of Maguan with Japan, ceding Taiwan, the Penghu Archipelago and its own islands. The people of Taiwan refused to accept it and began to resist.
According to the "Record of the Death of Yinghai Kai", the Japanese army attacked Penghu first, "when Fang Penghu was in a hurry, the cannon rumbled and shook Taiwan, and the sun and noon rested." On the afternoon of April 17, and Tang Fujun (Tang Jingsong) had the Berli Xi Tiandeshi, calling him the great president of Taiwan, establishing a democratic state, setting up the Blue Earth Yellow Tiger Flag, and vowing not to die... Deputy Minister Liu Yongfu guarded Tainan, and You Minwang returned home. ”
On June 2, "the Japanese warships, knowing that the Chicken Cage Fort was solid and not easy to attack, also sailed northeast to the bottom of the Odia (port) and boarded." After that, a large force landed in Keelung in the north of the island of Taiwan, marched to Taipei, and then advanced to the south of Taiwan, at the same time, the Japanese troops of the Penghu Archipelago turned to the Tainan area and encircled.
The Taiwan people's lone war of resistance lasted until March 1896, when it was completed in large and small battles such as the Taipei Operation, the Taichung Operation, and the Tainan Operation. According to Izuki and Tai's "Chronicle of The Governance of Taiwan", the Japanese government invested more than one-third of its total number of army divisions, half of the ships of the combined fleet, recruited 26,000 soldiers, 9,400 horses, and 10,841 officers and men who died of battle and illness before occupying all of Taiwan's major cities.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="191" > France attacked Taiwan twice</h1>
In December of the ninth year of Guangxu (1883 AD), in order to occupy northern Vietnam, France opened the gateway to southwest China and then penetrated deep into the hinterland of southwest China, launched the Sino-French War, and opened a battlefield on the southeast coast (Fujian, Taiwan and other places), and there were two major wars of invasion of Taiwan.
Map of the port of Keelung drawn by the French army
The first time: On August 5, 1884, the French fleet, under the command of Libbis, deputy commander of the Far East Fleet, fired fiercely at the Keelung Battery, forcibly landed, destroyed the military facilities in the harbor, and marched towards the streets of Keelung City on the 6th. Liu Mingchuan, the minister in charge of Taiwan affairs, led his troops to counterattack heroically, and the French army suffered more than 100 casualties and fled back to the ship.
The second time: In September of the Guangxu Decade (1884 AD), the commander of the French Far East Fleet, Gu Ba, led the French army to attack Taiwan again, attacking and occupying Keelung. At the same time, the French army, under the command of the deputy commander, the French army, attacked Huwei (Tamsui) under the command of Lisby.
Liu Mingchuan, the minister in charge of Taiwan affairs, weighed the pros and cons and decided to lead his troops to retreat to Huwei (Tamsui). On 1 October, the French invaded Tamsui and were repulsed by the defenders. On October 8, he shelled the fort again, forcibly landed, was intercepted and killed by Liu Mingchuan's army, and fled back to the ship.
Liu Mingchuan said in a note to the imperial court: "Three sentry officers of our army were killed, more than 100 soldiers were killed and wounded, and the French army was beheaded by twenty-fifth ranks and shot and killed more than 300 people. In addition, fourteen French soldiers were captured and shown to the public. At this point, the French were powerless to attack and could only blockade. In October 1885, the Qing government established the province of Taiwan, and Liu Mingchuan was the first governor of Taiwan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="192" > the Nationalist-Communist Civil War to capture Kinmen</h1>
Since the defeat of the Kuomintang government in Taiwan, there have been two real military struggles (with frontal battles and casualties) in the Taiwan area.
The first time: On October 24, 1949, after the liberation of Xiamen, the Chinese People's Liberation Army launched a campaign to attack Kinmen Island, and captured the Guningtou position on Kinmen Island in the early morning of the 25th. However, because the follow-up troops could not keep up, the Reinforcements of the Kuomintang troops were rapid, and on the evening of the 26th, more than 10,000 People's Liberation Army troops who landed were killed or captured.
In 1950, the People's Liberation Army formed a naval and air force unit to gather 150,000 troops on the Fujian front, and in June, Chairman Mao Zedong designated Su Yu to be responsible for organizing the Taiwan Campaign. In July, the People's Liberation Army conducted reconnaissance of Taiwan and decided to launch an offensive operation in August. Plans to liberate Taiwan were shelved due to the Korean War and the invasion of the Taiwan Strait by the U.S. Seventh Fleet.
The second time: Beginning on September 3, 1954, the People's Liberation Army shelled the Kuomintang troops on Kinmen Island, which lasted until September 22, launching a total of 18 operations, sinking 3 Kuomintang ships, wounding 4, and destroying 11 artillery positions and 6 warehouses. Since then, many shelling operations have been carried out, especially the artillery battle on August 23, 1958, which shocked the world, which is known as the "Kinmen Artillery Battle" (known in Taiwan as the 823 Artillery Battle).
During the 44 days of the artillery battle, the PLA fired nearly 500,000 rounds of artillery shells at the Nationalist troops stationed in Kinmen. Ji Xingwen, Zhao Jiajun, and Zhang Jie, deputy commanders of the Kuomintang Kinmen Defense Department, were shot and killed. In the later period, the People's Liberation Army focused on blocking the shipping line and besieging Kinmen with ships and shore bombardment. The Kuomintang garrison also fought back. During the artillery battle, the Nationalist and Communist Air Forces also engaged in engagement and shot down a J-5 fighter of the People's Liberation Army Air Force.
On October 5, Defense Minister Peng Dehuai announced a seven-day halt to shelling Kinmen. On 20 and 25 October, the two sides conducted another artillery campaign. After January 15, 1959, the two sides formed a tacit understanding, and on each single day, both sides carried out small-scale shooting or firing propaganda bombs, and large-scale artillery battles did not occur.
In 1960, the People's Liberation Army launched a smaller artillery battle of June 17 and a 619 artillery battle, and then adopted the method of "singles and doubles without fighting" until the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in 1979. The Battle of Kinmen was not about killing, injuring, or occupying, but about a war of political significance over military significance.
Text: Purple Creek Yundu
Original of the Geological History Museum, reproduction is prohibited