■ Jiangsu Suzhou Fei Yuqing
When discussing the ming dynasty bamboo carving genre, Jin Yuanyu of the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty first proposed in the "Bamboo People Record": "There are two schools of carving, one begins with Jinling Pu Zhongqian, and the other begins with Wuyi Zhu Songlin. According to qing jin shaofang's "small words for carving bamboo", "Before the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there were no people who carved bamboo. Since Zhengde and Jiajing have returned, there are three Zhu and Li and Pu. The three Zhu Jiading people, li and Pu Jinling people, the so-called Jiading and Jinling factions, in this way, are divided. "Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the two schools of bamboo carving have gone hand in hand, each with its own strengths, and has been praised as the double bi in the history of Chinese bamboo carving.
Jinling school bamboo carvings are mainly characterized by shallow carvings and simple carvings. This technique is not deep and the level is not reduced, the surface is slightly scratched, but it is simple and tasteful, although it seems to be a few strokes, but the meaning is far-reaching. The Jinling school of bamboo carvings centered on Nanjing, founded by Li Yao during the Ming Dynasty to Jiajing period and Pu Zhongqian from Wanli to the early Qing Dynasty, the leader of this genre in the middle and early Qing Dynasty was Pan Xifeng, and the famous author of Daoguang was Fang Xuan. Since then, because Jiading bamboo carving has become popular everywhere, its influence has eventually declined, and it has almost been lost. Nowadays, the art of Jinling bamboo carving has been included in the "List of Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection of Jiangsu Province" and has become an intangible cultural heritage project protected by the government.
Pu Cheng, compound surname Puyang, single surname Pu, character Zhongqian, born in the tenth year of the Ming Wanli calendar (1582), still alive in the early Qing Dynasty. The Chronicle of Taiping Fu states that "all rhinoceros, jade, bristles, and bamboo utensils, through their hands, are quaint and lovely, and one hairpin and one cup are regarded as the most precious treasures." "Pu Cheng's works are extremely rare, and the Palace Museum in Beijing collects "Pu Cheng Bamboo Root Carved Pine Type Small Pot", which is 12.3 cm high, 8.4 cm in maximum caliber, and 8.5 cm in diameter. With an old bamboo root as the body of the pot, there are branches on one side along the tree body coiled and bent into a handle, and the stem is broken. The lid is cleverly carved into a leaf-like shape, zigzagging like a button and connected to the branches of the pot body, revealing a spirit in the simplicity. The inscription "Zhongqian" under the handle of the pot can be called the best of bamboo carving in the Ming Dynasty.
After Zhongqian, there were not as many bamboo carvers as the Jiading sect, and it was not until the emergence of Pan Xifeng in the middle of the Qing Dynasty that the Jinling school of bamboo carving had a ZTE trend. "Every year I hate reading tired, everywhere people persuade to read." Try to see Pan Lang fine carved bamboo, chest without ten thousand volumes, such as? This is Zheng Banqiao's poem praising Pan Xifeng. Pan Xifeng (1736-1795), the character Tonggang, the number of Laotong, Zhejiang Xinchang people, overseas Chinese living in Yangzhou. Pan Xifeng carved bamboo is mainly based on flat shallow carving, and its shallow carving style is slightly similar to Zhou Zhiyan's iron arm underpaint and Zheng Yunqiao's trap Yangwen, but it is more simple and has a unique flavor. Guangdong Folk Craft Museum collection "Panxi Feng bamboo root carved plum blossom pen holder", height 11.5 cm, diameter 4.5 cm. The pen holder shape is thick and thin, and the bottom is placed with rosewood seats for stability. After the original whisker roots are removed, the bamboo barrel of the pen holder reveals a lot of scars, high and low, different sizes, and a strange image. After these scars are polished, various plum petals are carved in shallow at the top, with realistic shapes, ingenuity, and simplicity. The inscription on it reads: "Humble his heart, strengthen his knots, provide for my study room, and share the day and night." Old Tong. A pun on the pen holder frequently adds a bit of literati atmosphere.
During the Jiaqing and Daoguang years, Fang Xuan, a native of Shexian County, Anhui Province, who lived in Huangyan, Zhejiang Province, became the main pillar of the Jinling Bamboo Sect. Fang Xuan (1800-1839), zi ji ping, no. Since childhood, he is intelligent, loves poetry and painting, is good at painting stones, and finely carved bamboo Jane. Adhering to the legacy of Pu Cheng, the results of carved bamboo are also impressive, known as "square bamboo". The Shanghai Museum has a collection of "Square Bamboo Carved Su Wu Arm Rest", which is 27 cm long and 6 cm wide. The picture is based on the history of Su Wu's envoy to the Xiongnu in the Han Dynasty, and there is an inscription poem: "Shuo snow fills the Tianshan Mountains, and Feihong enters the Han Pass." The Qilin Pavilion was there, and He Xing survived. The arm rest depicts the scene of Su Wu when he was herding sheep in the North Sea, he was wrapped in a cloak, holding the Han Festival, cross-kneeling on the ground, staring ahead, although there was no other scene, but it could make people imagine the specific environment of "the goose on the edge of the cloud broke the hu tianyue, and the sheep on the longshang returned to the grass smoke". Using the bas-carved yin carving method, the character's expression is imitated, the eyebrows are like life, the morphology is written accurately, and the personality characteristics of the object are grasped.