Breeding technology of anyang red carp in Anyang, Henan Province
Li Hua Fan Longquan
Red carp, also known as Taihu Lake white fish, white stripe, is a valuable fish in China, its individual size, fast growth, body color silver, delicious taste, is one of the famous "Taihu Lake three white".
1. Morphological characteristics and habits
The red-billed red carp has silvery-white fine scales on the outside, flattened body length, thick and upturned jaws, straight back of the head, strong and smooth hard spines on the dorsal fin, gray on the back and upper part of the body side, and silvery-white abdomen.
It is a large freshwater economic fish living in lakes, reservoirs and other water bodies, and is most suitable for growing at a water temperature of 5-32 ° C. Adult fish are active in the middle and upper layers of the water body, the oxygen consumption rate is high, the aquaculture water requires fresh water quality, the water body is rich in dissolved oxygen, no pollution, the water transparency is about 30cm, and the pH value is 7-8.
Second, the breeding technology of the red carp with the cockroach
(1) Fry rearing
1. Breeding pond conditions In the case of a small number of fry, breeding in the original hatchery pond is conducive to avoiding injuries and deaths of fry caused by dragnet operation. Large-scale cultivation of fry, choose a special pond for cultivation, the area of the breeding pond is 1 mu, the left and right, and the water depth is 0.8-1.2m. Before the fry are stocked, do a good job of cleaning the pond and disinfecting the pond, kill the harmful organisms and pathogens, and after the medicinal properties disappear, the source water is filtered into the pond by 70 mesh sieve silk. 7-10 days before artificial induction, 200kg/mu of fermented organic fertilizer with 1% EM biological agents was applied to cultivate water quality and control the transparency of the water body at about 30cm.
2. Fry stocking Stocking after frying 3 days of age, stocking density of 100,000-150,000 fish/mu. If it is shipped in a nylon bag, the temperature difference between seedlings should not exceed 2 ° C. If the temperature difference is too large, first put the nylon bag containing the fry in the pond, and after the water temperature is consistent, then open the bag and slowly put the fry into the pond.
3. Feeding management After the fry are stocked, soybean milk is fed. The amount of soybeans per mu is 500g per mu for the first 10 days, twice a day; the amount of soybeans per mu is 750g per mu starting on the 11th day; and the fishmeal is added on the 15th-20th day. During the feeding period, moderate fertilizer and water are used, and 30 kg of fermented rapeseed meal is used every 5 days. Refill with fresh water twice a week for 10cm each time. After 30-40 days, it can be cultivated into more than 3 cm of summer flower fish species.
4. Out of the pond and transportation Summer flower fingerlings should be carried out in the morning or evening when the water temperature is low. The use of oxygen bags for transportation, the use of specifications 30cm×30cm× 40cm nylon bags, each bag holds 3-4L of water, generally each bag of fish species does not exceed 2000 fish; when the transportation distance is farther, the bagging density should be reduced. Summer flower fishing and packaging should be carried with water operation, and fish body injuries should be strictly avoided to ensure a high survival rate. [Yoshiyama Huayao self-media network debut]
(2) Fingerling breeding
1. Breeding pond conditions Fish fingerling breeding pond is preferably 2-5 acres, the water depth is 1.5-2m, and the thickness of the sediment should be less than 15cm, which is convenient for pulling net operation. Equipped with a power of 1.5-2.5kW aerator. Before stocking fish fry, dry ponds are dried for more than 20 days, water is injected with 10cm, and the whole pond is sprinkled with quicklime mixed with hydration slurry for disinfection, and after one week, the water is injected for 1-1.2m. The source water is filtered through a 50 mesh sieve and entered into the pond to prevent predators and trash fish from sneaking in. One week before stocking summer flowers, use fermented rapeseed meal or organic manure fertilizer water with 2% EM biological agents, the amount per mu is 50-100kg, and the transparency of the water body is maintained at about 30cm.
2. Summer flower fish fingerlings are stocked After 7-10 days of disinfection, the medicinal properties disappear, and the plankton is in the pond when it is multiplied in large quantities. Stocking of 3-5 cm of summer flower fish fingerlings requires neat specifications, robust physique, no disease and no injury. The stocking density is 10,000 fish per mu, and moderate dilution is conducive to the breeding of large-sized winter fillet fingerlings of more than 12 cm. Fingerling culture is advisable for monoculture in order to reduce the damage caused by the sorting operation when leaving the pond.
3. Feeding management
(1) Domestication The day after the stocking of summer flower fingerlings, according to the stocking amount, use a net around the food field to block 100-200m2 area, put powdered compound feed in the net, and use a specific sound to attract fish species to feed. Powdered feed is mainly based on high-protein raw materials such as fishmeal, silkworm pupae powder, and soybean meal powder. When the water temperature is below 18 °C, feed 1-2 times a day, and when the water temperature is above 18 °C, feed 2-3 times a day.
(2) Feeding adjustment After successful domestication, conventional fish fingerling feed is added, accounting for about 30%-50%. Fish fingerlings with a body length of 5 cm are fed 700 g per 10,000 fish per day, fish fingerlings with a body length of 6 cm are fed 1200 g per 10,000 fish per day, and fingerlings with a body length of 7-8 cm are fed 1500-2 000 g per 10,000 fish per day. After the body length of 8cm, the extruded pellet feed with a particle size of 1 mm is switched to a fish pulp made of fresh trash fish, and the transition period is 2-3 days. After the body length is 10 cm, the 2 mm expanded granular feed is switched to 2 mm of puffed granule feed, and the amount of each feeding is based on the slight remaining after 1 hour of feeding, 2-3 times a day. If heavy pelleted feed is fed, measures should be taken to reduce feed waste and avoid polluting water quality. Self-processing bait can also add surimi and powder (ratio 1:1) to increase the animal protein content, which has a good effect on strengthening the rapid growth of fish in the later stage of fish species and breeding large-sized fish fingerlings. In the later stages of fingerling rearing, additional bait fish or chilled fish pieces can be fed to enhance the rearing effect. The number of daily feedings and feeding amounts should be flexibly mastered according to water temperature, water quality, weather, and fish body growth, and in the growth temperature period of 20-30 °C, it is necessary to throw enough bait to promote the rapid growth of fish bodies; hot, rainy days, excessive water quality, frequent floating heads, should be less bait or no bait.
(3) Water quality control. Regulate the water quality according to the changes in water quality, and keep the pond water quality fertile and not turbid, clear and colored, and the transparency is about 30cm. (1) Fill new water, keep the pond water level 1.5-2m, often fill new water in the high temperature season, generally fill new water 1-2 times a week, each time injecting water 10-20cm. (2) Oxygenation, oxygenation for 2 hours at 13:00-15:00 every day. (3) Regulate water quality by biological method, and regulate water quality with biological agents such as photosynthetic bacteria, 2 times a month, each time with an amount of 3-5kg per mu. In order to prevent the residual bait from affecting the water quality, the green shrimp with high economic value but not much to eat can be raised, and 10,000 green shrimp fry or 0.5 kg of egg-holding shrimp per mu can be effectively used to regulate the water quality, and the changes in dissolved oxygen in the pond can be simply monitored. (4) Fertilization, in the early stage of fish fingerling breeding, it is necessary to pay attention to maintaining the fertility of the pond water, and when the transparency of the pond water reaches more than 30cm, it is necessary to supplement the fermentation bio-organic fertilizer in a timely manner. (5) Water disinfection, regular selection of chlorine preparations to disinfect water bodies, so as to ensure the breeding quality and good ecological environment of the red carp.
4. Out of the pond or in the pond for wintering About 4 months of breeding, large-sized fingerlings with an average total length of more than 12 cm can be obtained. Generally from November to March of the following year, choose a sunny weather out of the pond, stop eating for 2 days before leaving the pond, after 2 times of net pulling exercise, the operation should be careful when pulling the net, to avoid fish body injuries and water mold disease. When transporting, about 30kg of fish per cubic meter of water is loaded and gas is supplied with pure oxygen. Multi-pond culture that requires wintering in ponds is best hoarded in different sizes, and the fingerlings are soaked in 3% salt water for 15 minutes before merging into ponds. Because the fingerlings of the red sturgeon can also be eaten at a water temperature of 4 °C, the overwintering pond can be composted, and the artificial compound feed can be fed in moderation at noon when the water temperature rises.
(3) Pond culture of red-billed red carp
1. Pond conditions for adult carp rearing of red carp Adult fish farming pond area of 3-10 acres, water depth of 1.5-2m, flat bottom of the pond, good water retention performance, sediment below 15cm, requiring sufficient water source, fresh and pollution-free, convenient inlet and drainage, each pool is equipped with 3kW aerator 1. Fish fingerlings are disinfected with quicklime 15-20 days before stocking, and water quality is fertilized 7 days before stocking, and the method is the same as that of fingerlings.
2. Fingerling stocking Fingerlings that have been domesticated and can feed on a variety of artificial baits are used at a water temperature of 6-10 °C and stocked on sunny days in spring or autumn. The selection of fish species is 12-15 cm long, requiring a strong physique, clean body surface, no disease and no injury, and about 1000 fish per mu. Fingerlings are bathed in a 3%-5% salt solution for 10-15 minutes before stocking to increase the survival rate of culture. Improving the stocking size of fingerlings and reducing the stocking density are important measures to improve the rate of commercial fish grown into red-billed catfish. Advocate exclusive breeding, simplify the operation of the pond, and reduce operational injuries. Adjust the water quality to raise the number of other fish species is small, generally breeding chain fish, bighead carp, fish fingerling size in 5-6 fish / kg, density does not exceed 50 fish / mu.
3. Feeding of bait After the spring, when the water temperature reaches more than 15 °C, it enters the feeding stage, and after domestication, it can be fed a variety of baits, which can be live bait fish or artificially expanded feed. In addition, the use of black light to trap insect feeding is also a good way to supplement animal food.
(1) Live bait fish. Wild trash fish, silver carp, bighead carp and carp, tilapia and other naturally propagated fry can be used to determine the stocking specifications of live bait fish according to their different growth stages, generally the body length of live bait fish does not exceed 1/3 of the body length of the red carp, every 5-7 days, and the amount of each stocking is 1-1.5 times the total weight of the pond red carp.
(2) Feed compound feed. Feeding compound feed is preferably puffed granular feed, which can effectively reduce feed waste. During normal feeding, it is fed 2-3 times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 2%-5% of the total weight of the pond fish. Take fixed-point feeding, and it is advisable to eat in 1 hour per feeding. Reduce the amount of feeding in the early stage, low temperature season and high temperature and hot weather as appropriate.
(3) Black light traps insects for bait. In the breeding process, a black light is set up at 20cm above the water surface of every 2-3 acres, and the insects are trapped in the water at night for the feeding of the red carp, which can play a role in supplementing animal food.
Water quality control and daily management are the same as fingerling rearing. Generally after more than 8 months of feeding, 80% of the fingerlings can grow into more than 450g of commercial fish, and the survival rate is more than 90%.
3. Disease prevention and control
The red-billed red carp is mainly active in the middle and upper layers of the water body, the oxygen consumption rate is high, the swimming is rapid, it is good at jumping, the scales are small and easy to fall off, it is easy to be injured and infected with diseases, and it is particularly critical to maintain good water quality and prevention. The most common diseases are bacterial gill rot and parasitic diseases, especially parasitic diseases such as melon worms and ringworms, which are easy to coexist and are more harmful. In the process of breeding, drug prevention should be carried out regularly, and the external consumption of drugs should be purified with protozoa, and the internal use of medicinal insecticidal essence should be taken internally, which has obvious preventive effects. Prevention of common diseases
The method of treatment is as follows.
(1) Bacterial gill rot disease
The main control measures for bacterial gill rot disease are: (1) Prevention and control with dibromohydantoin or bromochlorohydantoin. Prevention Begins in April by sprinkling a whole tank of dibromohydantoin 0.1 mg/L or bromochlorohydantoin 0.2 mg/L every half month, and a whole tank of dibromohydantoin 0.3 mg/L or bromochlorohine 0.45 mg/L for treatment, and then once every other day. (2) Prevention with chlorine dioxide. Sprinkle chlorine dioxide 0.1-0.2 mg/L in the whole tank every half month to play a preventive role. (3) Control with rhubarb plus ammonia water. The whole pool is sprinkled with rhubarb 2-3mg/L, the specific method is to mix 1kg rhubarb with water 20kg plus 0.3% ammonia (ammonia content 25%-28%) in a wooden container for 12-24 hours and then apply.
(2) Bacterial enteritis
The main prevention and control measures for bacterial enteritis disease are: (1) thorough pond disinfection, disinfection of fish bodies, feed disinfection, tool disinfection, and food field disinfection in the breeding process, and baiting measures such as timing, quantification, quality, and positioning are taken; immune polysaccharides and microbial preparations are regularly added to the feed to improve the intestinal microecological environment of the red carp and reduce the incidence of enteritis; each kilogram of feed is added to 2g of immune polysaccharides and biological agents, and continuous feeding is given for 3-5 days. (2) Treatment measures, the whole pool is sprinkled with bromochlorohydantoin 0.2mg/L; add allicin 2-3g + thousand mile light 20g + elm 20g + crane grass 20g per kilogram of feed, according to 30g/kg body weight, continuous feeding for 4-6 days.
(3) Water mold disease
(1) Avoid fish body injuries in manual operations such as fishing and transportation. (2) For water bodies that have been diseased, soak 10 kg of dry tobacco stalks and 8 kg of salt per mu, soak 20 kg of heated water for 0.5 hours, and sprinkle the whole pool once a day for 2 consecutive days.
(4) Wheelworm disease
The main prevention and control measures for wheel disease are: (1) reasonable fertilization, stocking, and thorough clearing of the pond with quicklime to kill eggs and larvae. (2) Use neem branches and leaves, 20kg of water per acre, cast once every 7-10 days, or fry 25-30kg of fresh branches and leaves of neem trees per mu, and sprinkle the whole pool.
(5) Small melon worm disease
The main control measures for small melon worm disease are: (1) reasonable fertilization, stocking, and thorough clearing of the pond with quicklime to kill insect eggs and larvae. (2) Use rhubarb and wild chrysanthemums 250g each per acre, mix and boil with water and sprinkle the whole pond, the effect is better.
(f) Ringworm disease
The main control measures for ringworm disease are: (1) Thoroughly clear the pond with quicklime to kill eggs and larvae. (2) At the water temperature of 20-30 °C, sprinkle with 90% crystalline dimethoaters 0.2-0.3mg/L whole tank. Pay attention to observation after medication, if you find that the fish is abnormal, turn on the aerator in time; after 24 hours of medication, change 1/3 of the pond water; stop feeding when taking the drug.