Temporary breeding process and management technology of Broodstock in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province
Jiang Xiaoming
Vannabin shrimp is China's current stage of the largest amount of shrimp species, the article described in this article Vannabin broodstock temporary breeding process and management technology is the pond in the pond breeding mature Vannabin shrimp introduction of temporary pond as a broodstock temporary breeding time of the operation method and management technology, the author after years of Vannabin shrimp breeding and breeding, summarized the following operation process and management technology, for the majority of Vannabin shrimp breeding practitioners reference.
First, the basic requirements for the selection of broodstock in Vannabin
Basic requirements for the selection of Broodstock in ponds and large purge seines for broodstock rearing:
1. No disease. There is no damage to the limbs, the body color is normal, the vitality is good, and viruses, harmful bacteria and parasites should not be detected. Among them, the main viral disease detection is leukoplakia syndrome, shrimp iridescence virus, acute hepatobic-pancreatic necrosis, infectious subcutaneous and hematopoietic organ necrosis; bacteria generally detect Vibrio fluorescens; parasites generally detect hepatic enterosporosis, which is the main disease of shrimp farming in recent years, and must be paid attention to.
2. Vanabin shrimp passed the sampling stress test. Mainly salinity and dissolved oxygen stress test, the general practice is to take 50 sample shrimp, put in 250 liters of salinity of 0 degrees of water, half an hour later and then fish out the sample shrimp into 250 liters of salinity and broodstock breeding pond water in the same in the middle, restore half an hour after observing the survival rate of broodstock shrimp, the survival rate of more than 90% is qualified.
3. Check the liver, pancreas, intestines and stomach. This is also an important indicator of the health of Vannabin shrimp, visually measuring the intestine is transparent and shiny, the intestines are full after eating, the chysces is coarse and straight, the stool is coarse and uniform, and the color of the whole stool is consistent. If there are problems in the liver, pancreas, stomach and intestines, they can only be used to make broodstock after normal regulation through aquaculture.
Second, the preparatory work for the temporary rearing of broodstock shrimp
The introduction of Vannabin shrimp from ponds into the broodstock breeding workshop should understand the health status of pond Vannabin shrimp, tool preparation and disinfection, and preparation of broodstock ponds to be raised in broodstock workshops.
1. Make sure that the shrimp are in good health. In addition to the above-mentioned disease detection and normal stress, observation ensures that Vannabin shrimp cannot be in the stage of massive molting.
2. The cement pond to be raised in the shrimp workshop should be cleaned, disinfected and water inlet. The broodstock pond to be raised in the broodstock workshop has been cleaned, disinfected and treated with a water level of 0.7-1m, and aerated and oxygenated. The skylight and side windows of the workshop are covered with black film, and the workshop maintains a low light to see the shrimp in the shrimp pond, or the light can be used to observe the shrimp.
3. Preparation and capture operation before catching shrimp
Time to harvest Vannabin shrimp: spring, summer and autumn sunshine is strong, ponds are arranged with shade nets, fished at 7-9 am; winter sunshine is mild, no shade nets are arranged, fished at 9-11 am; special weather conditions can not be fished, such as low pressure, moderate rain and above weather can not be fished; low temperature season can not be fished with dragnet.
Capture vannabin shrimp 5 days ago to a large number of sewage or suction every day, the pond water is replaced, the greater the water transparency, the better, while reducing the density of shrimp, the water level is reduced to about 30-40cm, the water level is visible shrimp is appropriate. When the temperature is high, it can be captured by a small area of dragnet, and no more than 50 tails per net is better. When the temperature is low, it cannot be caught with a pullnet, but can be caught individually with a mesh sac, and after catching, it is loaded into a broodstock bag. The broodstock transport bag contains more than 10L of seawater with the same salinity and water temperature as the pond, and the number of broodstock in each bag does not exceed 10, which is filled with oxygen and sealed and transported back to the workshop to be raised in the broodstock pond.
Fourth, the workshop temporary maintenance management
Broodstock from the pond to catch and transport to the management of temporary breeding in the workshop, for the broodstock survival rate, vitality is crucial, but also an important stage of broodstock breeding in the early stage of breeding, broodstock from the pond to the temporary breeding pond, from the pond cultivation stage into the broodstock breeding stage junction to experience environmental changes, into the shrimp within a week for the dangerous period, especially after the shrimp into the 2-3 days is the peak period of death, this stage of breeding management technology is particularly important.
1. Feeding management
The introduction of the temporary pond began to feed on the first night, with the artificial compound feed fed by the big pond mixed with 5 ‰ of the special aquatic products of the Curtain To feed, adjust the stomach of the broodstock; on the 2nd and 4th days, the morning and evening according to the 2% weight ratio feeding data of the pond artificial compound feed; the general shrimp began to feed steadily after the introduction of the temporary pond after the 5th day, and the feeding bait was added to the artificial compound; the shrimp stabilized on the 1-2 days, the morning and evening according to the 2% weight artificial compound feed feeding, of which the evening mixed with 5 ‰ of the twilight tanus feeding, Add a meal of fresh squid in the second half of the night, the amount of fresh squid accounts for 5% of the shrimp weight; on the 3-7th day after the shrimp is stable, two meals of dry ingredients, a meal of squid; from the 8th to 10th day after the shrimp is stable, add a meal of green worms (sand silkworms), fed according to 5% of the shrimp's body weight; then reduce the artificial compound feed, increase the amount of squid and green insect feeding, but depending on the shrimp feeding situation. In the later stage, the fresh bait is mainly fed, generally 4 times a day, which are 2:30 feeding squid, 9:00 feeding green insects, 14:30 feeding squid, and 21:00 feeding green insects.
Observe the feeding situation, pay attention to the freshness of the bait, especially in the high temperature season, avoid feeding spoiled feed or spoiled raw bait, such as green worm bait required to be washed, free of impurities and live; squid bait should be soaked in water to thaw, grinded into squid shreds with a meat grinder, and the stranded squid is washed and put into the filter basket, and the water is drained and fed.
2. Light management
The management of light by broodstock introduced into temporary ponds is mainly to control light, reduce the stress response of broodstock, and accelerate the maturation of broodstock. On the first day of shrimp entry, the skylight and side windows are covered with black film, and the workshop is kept in a dark light to see the shrimp in the pool; starting on the second day, every day it is pulled open, and all of it is opened within the 7th day.
3. Water quality management
3.1 Water temperature control:
When shrimp are introduced, the water temperature of the broodstock temporary pond is 3-5 °C lower than that of the pond; on the first day of shrimp inflow, the pond water naturally heats up, and then adopts the natural heating or heating method. If the indoor temperature is low, the heating method is directly adopted. The temperature rise is 0.5-1°C per day, and the water temperature is stable after rising to 24-25°C.
3.2 Water disinfection
During the temporary rearing period, as little disinfectant as possible, on the 1-2nd day after the shrimp is stabilized, the dibromohydantoin concentration of 0.5 ppm is sprinkled in the morning for disinfection; in the molting stage, the dibromohydantoin with a concentration of 0.03 ppm is used depending on the status of the broodstock for water disinfection.
3.3 Water change
Water change is a major management work during the temporary rearing of broodstock shrimp, the water source is the treated seawater, salinity, temperature is stable, the water quality is clean, and the seawater is not directly changed. On the first day of shrimp entry, do not change the water; on the 2nd to 4th day of shrimp, the convective water inlet method is adopted, the reference water exchange is 10-20%, the water is changed less, the water is mixed and changed more, and the shrimp can be seen; the shrimp is stable, the water is changed twice in the morning and evening, and the amount of water exchange is appropriately increased; when changing the water, it is necessary to pay attention to the status of the broodstock, and the sudden and stress situations are timely to slow down the water inlet speed. Water replacement is generally combined with drainage, first discharged and then entered, and at the same time combined with sewage suction, in accordance with the order of first suction, then drainage, and then water inlet.
3.4 Sewage suction
Broodstock are bred in cement ponds to absorb sewage and are carried out 0.5-1 hours after feeding. Generally, the hose siphon method is used or the sewage suction pump with small caliber and low power is used to suck the sewage, and the air is closed before suction, and the action should be light, and the shrimp body cannot be touched or the shrimp can be sucked away.
4. Other management
4.1 Observe the broodstock and remove the dead and injured shrimp in time
Broodstock from the pond into the temporary breeding pond within a week is a dangerous period, especially within 2-3 days after the shrimp is the peak of death, pay attention to observe the health status of the shrimp, timely measures to deal with. On the 1-3rd day of shrimp entry, the dead shrimp and seriously injured individuals are fished out in time, and the lightly injured individuals remain in the pool to continue observation; on the 4th to 7th day of shrimp, continue to fish out the dead shrimp and seriously injured individuals; after the shrimp is stable, it is also necessary to fish out the individuals with poor physique to prevent disease and infection.
4.2 Broodstock physique exercise
After the shrimp is stabilized, pay attention to the physical exercise of the broodstock, start to use the net to catch the leftovers and feces, 3-4 times a day, and fish out the leftovers at the same time to achieve the purpose of exercising the shrimp and improving their anti-stress ability. In addition, observe the fished feces to judge the gastrointestinal status of the broodstock, in the first 3 days, the movement is slow and time-consuming, and the number of times is correspondingly less than 1-2 times. After the shrimp adapt, you can arrange personnel to go down to the pond to catch shrimp, and insist on catching shrimp every day during the entire temporary breeding period.
The shrimp rush exercise should be light and do not make noise, so as not to cause stress and death of shrimp.
After turning off the lights at night, observe with a flashlight, find that the shrimp swim red, the number of red shrimp is small or only temporarily red, it is necessary to strengthen nutrition and improve the anti-stress ability of the shrimp; if the number of red shrimp is large, first adjust and then disinfect; observe whether the shrimp's tentacles and carapace are mutilated, red and black spots, and observe whether the shrimp molts are better. The operation should be light and do not make noise, so as to avoid stress death of shrimp.
The above operation and management techniques can improve the survival rate and quality of broodstock shrimp of Penaeus vannabine.