Lu Xiujing and Li Doushi
Text | Lv Hua
Lu Xiujing, a native of Wuxing (present-day Huzhou, Zhejiang) during the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (406-477), was a famous Taoist scholar. In the third year (464) of the Song Ming Emperor Tai' reign, he was summoned to Jiankang and collected the Dao classics at chongxuguan, laying the foundation for the Daozang, and the Catalogue of the Three Caves Scriptures was the earliest Bibliography of the Daozang, and the fasting rituals were compiled, so the Taoist rituals were prepared.
In the fifth year (461) of the Reign of Emperor Xiaowu of the Southern Dynasty, Lu Xiujing built the Taixu Temple in Lushan, a resort for Lu to the Southern Heavenly Division. Later, Emperor Ming of the Song Dynasty gave Lu The title "Mr. Jian Huan", taking the meaning of "stopping the annoyance of the day and Jane, and being far away in the silence", which was called the Jian Huan Guan if it was too vain.
Figure 1
The two religions of Donglin Temple, founded by Jian Shanguan and Hui Yuan in the western foothills of Lushan Mountain, became the religious center of southern China. Not far west is Tao Yuanming's hometown and drunken stone hall, and the famous "Three Laughs of Tiger Creek" tells the story of Lu Xiujing, Hui Yuan and Tao Yuanming crossing tiger creek (Figure 1).
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The Jian Lonely Temple is located under jinji peak in the southeastern foothills of Lushan Mountain in the northwest of Nankang Town, Lushan City (Figure 2). The car turns northwest along the Lushan Shannan Highway in Nankang Town for about 30 minutes, passes through the mountain gate with the inscription "Jian Lonely Temple" (Picture 3), and not far ahead is a dilapidated house and several inscriptions erected in front of it (Figure 4): "Introduction to the Jian Lonely Temple Site of the Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit of Xingzi County" (Figure 5); "Introduction to the Ruins of the Jian Lonely View" (Figure 6); "Lushan Moya Stone Carving Group (Jian Lonely Observation Cliff Stone Carving Group), a Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit of Jiangxi Province" (Figure 7); "Introduction to the Lushan Stone Carving Group (Jian Lonely Observation Cliff Stone Carving)" (Figure 8). Turning around the house, I suddenly saw a flat boulder in sight, which was the LiDou Stone that we visited. A few dilapidated houses behind the boulders are the ruins of the Jian Lonely Temple (Fig. 9), with existing temples and shrines dedicated to incense.
Figure 10
The LiDou Stone is the stone of Lu Xiujing's participation in the Beidou Heavenly Phenomenon. Regarding the title and connotation of the Lidou Stone, the cihai's interpretation of "ritual" has a twofold meaning: (1) the original meaning is to pay homage to God, which is extended to the general name of respect; (2) the ceremony held to show respect or solemnity. Therefore, the Li Dou Shi can be understood as the stone that Lu Xiujing held a ceremony to pay respect and worship to the Big Dipper, so it is also called the Gong Dou Stone.
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The east and west sides of the Lidou Stone are 4.8 meters long, and the north and south sides are 2.8 meters long, with an average height of 1.4 meters, in an irregular rectangle (Figure 10). The southern, eastern and northern sides of the stone body are grayish-black, and the top and west are brownish red. On the lower west side of the stone body, several inscriptions of "Lidou Stone View" can be seen (Fig. 11). The inscription on the gray-black stone wall on the south side of the Lidou Stone is clearly visible (Figure 12): "The names of the monuments are visited one by one, and the green mountains are like the old waters." Where were the Li Dou people back then? The greenery above the stone floats.". But who did it remains to be determined.
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The Lidou Stone is backed by a mist-shrouded Lushan Mountain, and against the backdrop of gray rocks and verdant vegetation, a cascade of waterfalls floats down (Figure 13).
Figure 13
The historical Jian Shan Guan is large in scale, especially in the Daozang Pavilion, the largest Taoist scripture library in the country at that time. After the tribulations of the Jian Lonely Temple, the original Baiyun Hall, Chaozhen Hall, Daozang Pavilion, and Six Dynasties Pine have long disappeared, and the Japanese Kou have become more and more desolate after invading Lushan. Thousands of years, the vicissitudes of the world, the ancient view of the past hidden in the empty mountain, only the lonely li dou stone tells the storms of history.
The Jane Silence Temple has long been famous. In the seventh year of Song Yuanfeng (1084), Su Shiyou wrote a poem with the first four sentences: "I came from Lushan and watched the lonely clouds fly." Lu Feng Lu Daoist, zhi is a Chitose man." His brother Su Rui has a verse that "Qiao Song must have a place to hide Dan, and the big stone still exists to worship Dou Yu". (Song) Wang Shipeng "Jian Silent View" has "self-laughing desolate Tao Jing Festival, more looking for Mr. Jian Lonely Lu." There is only a stone in front of the altar, and the flowing water is still on the strings". In the eleventh year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1672), the famous dramatist Li Yuyou Jian Shuguan had a poem: "There are many famous mountain monks in the world, and we should also leave one or two qi peaks, and qiwu Daoist friends." The world's good words Buddha said everything, who knows the five thousand wonderful truths, out of my first teacher."
Things change stars, prosperous prosperity. We hope that local governments will protect the sites of this thousand-year-old ancient temple, publicize and excavate the historical and cultural values of the Jian Shan Guan Temple, and revitalize the local economy and cultural industries. When I left the Jian Silent Temple, several cars drove in front of me, and it seemed that the revitalization of the Jian Silent Temple was about to arrive.