In 1928, a rapid train suddenly exploded, suddenly bursting into flames and black smoke, and the train that was blown up was The special train that Zhang Zuolin was riding on. After the violent explosion, Zhang Zuolin was seriously injured, and on the way to the Marshal's Mansion by car, he kept asking, "Who did this TM?" ”
Wen Shoushan, who was Zhang Zuolin's medical officer, replied, "Who else but the Japanese!" Zhang Zuolin sighed after listening to it, gritted his teeth and squeezed out a word: "Fight! After that, Zhang Zuolin never opened his eyes again, and a generation of tyrants died.
Regarding Zhang Zuolin, everyone has mixed praise and criticism of him. Some people think that he brutally killed revolutionary volunteers, especially in order to torture Li Dazhao, specially bought a gallows from abroad, and strangled them three times for 28 minutes, which is a typical feudal warlord faction.
Some people also say that Zhang Zuolin is a "traitor to the country." First of all, during the Russo-Japanese War, he went back and forth between Japan, Russia and the Qing government, stepping on three boats, and gradually developing his own power. Later, relying on the strength of Xu Shichang, Zhao Erxun and others, he gradually became a prince of the party. Finally, with the support of Japan, he dominated the three eastern provinces and became the king of the northeast.
Some people also say that Zhang Zuolin is an anti-Japanese hero. The most popular is the "give ink treasure to the Japanese" incident, Zhang Zuolin waved a large pen, wrote a tiger word, dashing "Zhang Zuolin hand black". When his subordinates reminded him of the typo, Zhang Zuolin replied, "Don't I know it should be: hand ink?" Want my soil, no door, no land! ”
As well as instructing his subordinates to kill 3 Japanese soldiers in the street, and according to the so-called japanese custom, each person was compensated 500 taels of silver for each life, and avenged his own subordinates.
So what kind of person is Zhang Zuolin, good or bad, right or wrong? Hello everyone, I am studying history, and today I will talk to you about a generation of tyrants Zhang Zuolin.
Zhang Zuolin was born in a small fishing village in Liaoning, the child of a poor family. Just after turning 10 years old, his gambling father was beaten to death by his creditors. Zhang Zuolin, who was flesh and blood, repaid his father with a knife, and since then he has fled to the mountains to become a bandit, and has become a bandit leader since then.
According to Zhang Xueliang's words in his later years, he should be called "captain of the security team" accurately. It was probably: leading a group of brothers and taking care of the security of several surrounding villages. Whenever someone comes to harass, Zhang Zuolin is responsible for leveling it, but he needs to pay money regularly.
In this way, Zhang Zuolin also did what he said and did, and because he served the people righteously, his territory became bigger and bigger, and his subordinates gathered more and more. But after all, collecting protection fees is not a long-term solution, and if you want to become bigger and stronger, you have to find another way. Don't look at Zhang Zuolin's lack of culture, but on the means of play, that is a good hand, even if there is a plan.
One day in 1902, on the mountain road outside Fengtian City, the wife of the Qing Dynasty Fengtian general Zengqi was escorted home by guards, and suddenly a group of masked thieves came out of the forest on the side of the road, shouting and killing them, and the Qing soldiers panicked and resisted.
Just when he was defeated, Zhang Zuolin, like a god under the heavens, led several good men to arrive on flying horses. Charging all the way to the assassination, the situation was instantly reversed, and the general's wife was rescued from danger.
Because of this, General Zengqi honored Zhang Zuolin as a guest of honor and promoted him all the way to the head of the patrol team. Zhang Zuolin was also officially whitewashed and transformed into an official of the imperial court.
General Zengqi could not have imagined in any way that the gangster who wanted to injure his wife's life was Zhang Zuolin's men. The plot of drawing the sword to help each other is a good play written and directed by Zhang Zuolin.
Since becoming a member of the imperial court, Zhang Zuolin has eaten both black and white, and then turned to Yuan Shikai, and he is even more peaceful. Over the past ten years, Zhang Zuolin has also changed from herding pigs to becoming the king of the northeast of the prominent party. Later, in 1927, he became the Grand Marshal of the Army and Navy of the Beiyang Military Government, and reached the peak of power.
As the saying goes, when good things come to an end, they are going downhill. Sure enough, not long after entering Beijing, the Northern Expeditionary Army broke through all the way and approached Beijing. At this time, Zhang Zuolin was guarding and unable to hold, and he did not know where to retreat, it can be said that there were wolves before and tigers after them.
It was not only the Northern Expeditionary Army that wanted Zhang Zuolin's life, but the other 2 forces were also eager to move. One is the people who want to restore the Qing Dynasty; the other is the Japanese.
Why would Zhang Zuolin, as the object of Japan's key support, want his life? In fact, with the growth of Zhang Zuolin's power, his attitude toward Japan also changed from initial dependence to later flickering and final resistance. And Japan has gone from wait-and-see to disappointment and utter despair.
How exactly did this process evolve? And listen carefully. Three key time points need to be explained: the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, Zhang Zuolin's appointment to the Fengtian Overseer in 1916, and his assassination to death in 1928, all of which were spaced 12 years in between and lasted 2 rounds.
The first phase, 12 years BC (1904-1916). Objectively speaking, at this stage, Zhang Zuolin was obviously pro-Japanese. On the one hand, Zhang Zuolin discovered that after the Russo-Japanese War, Japan had established an absolute superiority over other imperialists in the northeast, and it was better to use it for its own use than to hit the stone with a pebble.
On the other hand, Zhang Zuolin, who originally used the Qing Dynasty as a patron, was worried that after the establishment of the republic, he would have no place to stand. After approaching Yuan Shikai, he found that his political attitude was abrupt. In order to prevent passivity, we had to find another way.
Zhang Zuolin, who did not dare to press the treasure capital on Yuan Shikai's body, secretly began to have frequent exchanges with high-ranking Japanese officials. However, at this time, Japan simply did not look up to Zhang Zuolin, believing that Zhang Zuolin had no rights, no status, and no use value. Zhang Zuolin can only put a hot face on a cold ass, staying on the surface of the interaction.
The second phase, 1916. This year was unusual for Zhang Zuolin and Japan, because two major events occurred, which directly determined Zhang Zuolin's subsequent attitude toward Japan and Japan's decision-making mistakes.
After Yuan Shikai died of illness in the same year, Zhang Zuolin became the Overseer of Fengtian as he wished. On May 27, Zhang Zuolin, who was in a good mood, returned to Fengtian with a big swing under the escort of Tang Yulin's guards. When passing by the small west gate on the way, a bomb was suddenly thrown at a window on the side of the road, and the escort soldiers who were walking in front of them were killed five or six times on the spot, and Tang Yulin was also slightly injured.
Suddenly, the street was filled with smoke and exclamations. Zhang Zuolin sat on the back carriage, heard the explosion, and immediately realized that the situation was not right. He quickly jumped out of the car, mounted a fast horse, beckoned a few guards, and ran quickly to the alley next to him, preparing to take a detour back to Fengtian Province.
But I didn't expect that there was also an ambush on this road, just as I was passing through the Fengtian Library, a person suddenly ran out of the door, and Zhang Zuolin, who was running fast, threw a grenade, and instantly exploded behind him. Fortunately, Zhang Zuolin's life was big, and the air wave set off by the explosion shook his hat, and the person was not injured.
Zhang Zuolin returned to Fengtian Mansion without any danger, and at the same time, high-ranking Japanese officials also rushed back and forth to offer condolences. Whether to come to comfort him or to see if he is dead or not, everyone knows it.
It was none other than Kawashima Nanasu, Yoshiko Kawashima's adoptive father. The reason for this is that Zhang Zuolin is the number one resistance to the "Manchu-Mongolian independence movement" and must be eliminated as soon as possible.
After this incident, Zhang Zuolin also realized more deeply that dealing with the Japanese is to lick the blood with the tip of the knife. Zhang Zuolin, who has always had a hot temper, although he was furious, he did not pursue it. Because it was also this year that Japan issued the "National Policy of Aiding Zhang" and decided to fully support Zhang Zuolin and make him a Japanese spokesman in northeast China.
Of course, Japan also made such a decision after 12 years of wait-and-see inspection. In the end, the necessary conditions for the selection of cooperative candidates in four aspects were determined: one is pro-Japanese faction; the second is to oppose the revolution; the third is to be capable; and the fourth is to have ambition, but not to have faith.
In Japan's view, only by being pro-Japanese can we stay away from Britain and the United States, only by opposing the revolution can we oppose the Soviet Union, only when we have the ability can we be worthy of support, and only when we have ambitions can we have a tendency toward independence, and we will not be unified by the Kuomintang. Without a firm belief, it will become mercenary and better used by Japan.
There is no doubt that Zhang Zuolin at that time was the best chess piece. However, Zhang Zuolin is not as simple as the Japanese think. In his eyes, "cooperation" with the Japanese was just a stepping stone to dominate the three eastern provinces and chase deer from the Central Plains.
The third stage, the last 12 years (1916-1928). In the next 12 years, Zhang Zuolin was promoted by Japan, and in just 3 years, he dominated the northeast without spending a soldier or a pawn, a shot and a bullet, and became the king of the northeast. At the same time, what Zhang Zuolin promised Japan was "definitely no problem" on the surface, but behind it was that one thing was not implemented.
Privately, he even adopted a diplomatic strategy of using the enemy to defeat the enemy and actively enlisted the support of Britain and the United States in order to weaken Japan's control over the northeast. At the same time, they independently prepared railways and ports, controlled Sino-Japanese joint ventures, developed the national economy, opened new higher education, and gradually broke the monopoly of Japan.
Slowly, Japan also found that Zhang Zuolin, who only said and did not do, was a pro-Japanese faction? This is the typical anti-Japanese! However, in the face of Zhang Zuolin, who was growing with wings and holding 300,000 heavy troops, he had no choice but to take him.
Until an incident in 1925, the Japanese were completely moved to kill Zhang Zuolin. At that time, Zhang Zuolin's general Guo Songling, because he was unwilling to fight a civil war, raised an army to create a rebellion against his eldest brother. In just a few days, the soldiers came to Fengtian City.
In desperation, Zhang Zuolin had to pull down his son to ask the Japanese for help. However, in view of Zhang Zuolin's previous "rogue" performance, the Japanese side said: "You can help you, but you must agree to 4 conditions and sign the pledge." ”
Zhang Zuolin took a look at Japan's conditions and scolded in his heart: Isn't this to make me a traitor?
First, Japanese subjects enjoyed commercial lease rights in both the three eastern provinces and Inner Mongolia.
Second, the administrative power of the JilinJian Island area shall be transferred to Japan.
Third, the Yancheng, Jilin and Dunhua railways were connected and intermodal with the North Korean railways east of the Tumen River.
Fourth, the counties of Taochang Province in the northwestern part of Bong Province are allowed to set up Consulates for the Japanese.
When his life was at stake, although Zhang Zuolin was reluctant, he could only agree sharply, but he did not fully agree.
Only to see Zhang Zuolin pick up the pen, behind the four conditions of the Japanese, all drew a big check. It is reasonable to say that the check mark is also the right sign, and the right sign is also the meaning of recognition. In addition, Zhang Zuolin "will not" write, and it seems reasonable to sign an agreement and draw a hook.
The Japanese saw that Zhang Zuolin finally "agreed" and could immediately touch the northeast! He quickly dispatched the Kwantung Army, defeated Guo Songling, and retained Zhang Zuolin's dominance. Later, when Zhang Zuolin entered Beijing and became the head of the Beiyang government, the Japanese came to the door with this secret agreement with a tick.
However, at this time, Zhang Zuolin had a new statement on the meaning of ticking: according to the tradition of our Chinese, generally shooting people is a hook in the back. I ticked these conditions, which means "shoot", that is, disagreement.
After hearing this, the high-ranking Japanese officials burst into thunder and scolded Zhang Zuolin as a liar, which also strengthened Japan's idea of getting rid of Zhang Zuolin. How could an old jianghu like Zhang Zuolin not know that rejecting Japan would cut off the way back.
In 1928, with the total rout of the Feng army in the Northern Expedition, Zhang Zuolin was forced to leave Beijing and return to Feng. He knew very well that the Japanese would certainly make a move, and he was afraid that this trip would be more sinister than auspicious.
But when Zhang Zuolin was faced with a dilemma: taking the train, the goal was too large and it was not easy to guard; riding in the car, more hidden but taking too long.
Without much hesitation, he chose the former. Because the good villains have also hit Beijing, how can they sneak back to their hometown in the northeast, and lose their handsome demeanor! Such a decision also laid the foundation for the Huanggutun incident, and a generation of tyrants died.
In the face of divergent opinions, mixed praise and criticism. The author believes that Zhang Zuolin, who was in a chaotic world, must have received help from Japan in some major events, so he did give up some rights and interests in the northeast to Japan.
However, when encountering issues of principle concerning the sovereignty of the northeast, Zhang Zuolin also took a clear-cut stand. Never being an "emperor" or a traitor is his consistent criterion. For example, if Japan wants to open mines, set up factories, immigrate, and build a port on Huludao, Zhang Zuolin is doing everything possible to obstruct and refuse to give in.
Therefore, whether it is positioning Zhang Zuolin as a "traitor" or as an anti-Japanese hero, it is biased.
Objectively speaking, Zhang Zuolin has ability, talent, and even demeanor, but he also has his own crimes, and is essentially a warlord. A warlord is a warlord, maybe not a villain, but it can't be mythical, or infinitely exalted, and even become an idol to worship.
This is the author's point of view, what do you think? Welcome to leave a message to discuss.