Source: People's Daily Overseas Edition
Students who visited Li Dazhao's former residence presented flowers for Li Dazhao's statue. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Chenlin
Photo by Pan Zhiwang of the Beijing News Office
Beijing, the center of the new cultural movement, the birthplace of the May Fourth Movement, the main front of the early spread of Marxism in China, and one of the main breeding places of the Chinese Communist Party.
A hundred years of history are turbulent, and cultural relics have witnessed glory. In March this year, Beijing municipality announced the first list of revolutionary cultural relics, including 158 immovable revolutionary cultural relics and 2111 movable revolutionary cultural relics/sets, including 18 national key cultural relics protection units and 1974 first-class cultural relics/sets. Nowadays, these red landmarks that bear witness to the original mission have been opened to the public one after another, and have become a vivid classroom for the study and education of party history.
Create themed precincts
On June 1, a number of former sites of the early Revolutionary Activities of the Communist Party of China in Beijing, such as the former residence of Li Dazhao, the former site of "Kang Mu Yi Zhai", the laijin Yuxuan of Zhongshan Park, the ruins of Zhao Jialou, and the tomb of Ma Jun martyrs, were opened.
"Unlike other types of cultural relics, most of the revolutionary cultural relics are closely related to important historical figures, major historical activities, and important historical events in modern and contemporary history, forming a distribution pattern of concentrated and contiguous films." Li Liangqi, director of the Revolutionary Cultural Relics Department of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, introduced. The "Implementation Plan of Beijing Municipality on Promoting the Protection and Utilization of Revolutionary Cultural Relics (2018-2022)" and the "Medium- and Long-term Plan for Promoting the Construction of National Cultural Centers in Beijing (2019-2035)" have established the goal of "promoting the theme protection of revolutionary cultural relics in concentrated contiguous films".
Focusing on the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China, the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and other major time nodes, Beijing has successively built the theme area of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression centered on Lugou Bridge and Wanping City, the theme area of the establishment of new China centered on Shuangqing Villa and Tiananmen Square, and the theme area of the early Beijing revolutionary activities of the Communist Party of China centered on the Red House of Peking University.
The number of old sites for revolutionary activities is large, the layout is scattered, and the situation is different, how to protect the inheritance and utilization? Taking the theme area of the early Revolutionary Activities of the Communist Party of China in Beijing as an example, the 31 old sites include important meeting places, places where major historical events occurred, former residences of important party historians, and important memorial facilities, and are distributed in 5 urban areas, including Dongcheng and Xicheng. On the basis of mapping the protection status of old sites, Beijing has given priority to protection, promoted use with guarantees, and promoted them with use, and classified and improved old sites. The old site of the Beijing News Office became a large courtyard until 30 residents moved away and the small building was completely repaired. Nowadays, the "Beijing News and Beijing News Pavilion Special Exhibition", "Centennial Red Newspaper Special Exhibition" and "Shao Piaoping's Life Deeds Special Exhibition" are set up in the small building, telling the red past of progressive newspaper people represented by Shao Piaoping.
Preserve historical information
"Under the premise of ensuring the safety and stability of the cultural relics themselves, we should implement minimal disturbances and retain historical information from different periods to the greatest extent." Ren Qingsheng, a designer at the General Institute of Architectural Design and Planning Research of Tianjin University, said. The former site of the Erqi Massacre Changxindian was originally a Ming Dynasty fire temple, through the comparison of the same period with functional buildings, combined with the characteristics of the northern official-style buildings in the Changxindian area, the later transformation of the ridge roof was restored to the original knotted ridge roof, but the remaining Fushou tile pattern decoration was still retained. The former site of the Changxindian Work-study Preparatory Class in France is a typical Western-style building of the Republic of China period, and after repeated comparison and meticulous exploration of the colors of doors, windows and floors, it was finally determined to be brownish red and restored to its former style.
Since the opening of the theme area for the early Revolutionary Activities of the Communist Party of China in Beijing, the audience has been endless, and the number of reservations in many places has reached the upper limit. After visiting 5 old sites in succession, a Beijing citizen said with emotion: "For the liberation of the nation, many people with lofty ideals have abandoned a relatively comfortable life, and even sacrificed their lives, and we must always remember this period of history!"
"This photo is exactly the same as the scene in the back!" In front of the Gate of Mercy Mountain in Taoran Pavilion, a tourist carefully examines an old photo. On January 18, 1920, Mao Zedong and his colleagues in the Furen Society held a meeting at the Mercy Nunnery on the exorcism movement and took a group photo under the ancient locust at the door, which is one of the few photos left by the young Mao Zedong in Beijing. This precious history is described in detail in the special exhibition "The Struggle of the Pioneers: The Early Revolutionary Activities of the Compassion Ann Party" organized by the Mercy Temple.
"Beijing is rich in revolutionary cultural relics, we must dig deep into the historical connotations, tell the story behind the revolutionary cultural relics, let the people receive vivid revolutionary traditional education in the process of visiting, and let the red memory be passed on from generation to generation." Chen Mingjie, director of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, said.
With the opening of the old revolutionary site, a number of exhibitions with different characteristics have been unveiled. Among them, there are the theme exhibition of "Red Prologue to Brilliant Great Causes" held by the Red House of Peking University, a series of special exhibitions held by the former Sino-French University, the former site of the editorial office of "New Youth", and the former residence of Li Dazhao.
Tell the red story well
"The first thing in the exhibition is to be accurate, and the historical facts must be clear." Wang Zhensheng, head of the propaganda and education section of the Party History Office of the Fengtai District CPC Committee, said. In order to do a good job in curating and exhibition work, Fengtai District has organized and held more than 20 expert demonstration meetings, invited party history experts from the Institute of Party History and Literature of the CPC Central Committee, the Memorial Hall of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and other units to guide and demonstrate, and strictly control the political and historical materials. The special exhibition "The Red Star of the North - Changxindian and the Chinese Workers' Movement" has been revised more than 30 times in the outline alone. The staff went to hubei Xiaogan Party History Research Office, Yingcheng Party History Office, and Xu Baihao Memorial Hall to find a photo of the martyr Xu Baihao, a pioneer of the early Chinese workers' movement.
The exhibition team also meticulously wrote the stories of 9 red stories of Changxindian, such as "Mao Zedong went to Changxindian twice", "riding a donkey to march", "Workers are heaven", and "Deng Zhongxia: Outstanding Leader of the Chinese Workers' Movement", "Shi Wenbin, the first Communist Party member of the Changxindian Railway Factory", "From Changxindian to Shanhaiguan", and other 16 pioneers of the workers' movement, telling the story of those glorious years.
Beijing Daily is a progressive newspaper published in Beijing during the Beiyang government, founded by Shao Piaoping in 1918, and its articles reflect the conscience of the era of "iron shoulders and hot hands" in the turbulent years. In 1925, Shao Piaoping secretly joined the Communist Party of China, but this identity was not made public until her death and even in the long years that followed. Fang Hanqi, a professor at the School of Journalism of Chinese University, confirmed Shao Piaoping's identity as a Communist Party member through a large number of solid studies. In 1986, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee officially confirmed it.
One photograph in the exhibition that stands out is taken in August 1919 when Shao Washipping was in exile in Japan again. Behind him, on the shelves are statues of Marx and more than 170 books. Fang Hanqi took a magnifying glass to examine them one by one and found a large number of progressive books, including "Outline of Capital", "History of the World Revolution", "Theory of Socialism", "History of the Labor Combination Movement" and so on. "These historical facts fully prove that as an early Communist Party member, Mr. Shao Piaoping had a sincere belief in Marxism." Guo Tan, director of the brand promotion department of Beijing Daily, said.
Authoritative historical facts can better attract and impress the audience through vivid and lively ways. The memorial sites have made great efforts in the exhibition method, and there are many highlights: the audience can scan the two-dimensional code, they can listen to the past and relive their original intentions; the immersive drama "The Fire Sower" was staged in Li Dazhao's former residence, and in the courtyard, every grass and tree became a stage; through interactive equipment, "taking a photo with Mr. Dazhao", you can also drag the seal, stamp the electronic letter with the stamp and date stamp of Kang Muyizhai to obtain "a letter written by Mr. Li Dazhao to the progressive youth at that time"; take a photo, enter the name, You can make an exclusive Certificate of Membership of the Changxindian Workers' Club...
In order to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage organized and selected 109 high-quality exhibitions to promote to the public, and 12 exhibitions selected by the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics were selected, ranking first in the country. "In the next step, Beijing will continue to sort out the resources of revolutionary cultural relics, promote the approval of the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics directory, and further strengthen the study of historical facts." Through various forms such as 'looking at cultural relics and learning the history of the party', the red gene is passed on well. Chen Mingjie said.