Chess is a traditional 2-player board game popular in Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, and the Ryukyu region. Since Chinese mainland called Western Chess chess, it was necessary to distinguish Chinese chess; but Taiwan translated Chess as "Chess", so chess did not need to add the word Chinese to distinguish.
Chess is juxtaposed with chess and Go as one of the world's three major chess categories, similar to Korean shogi and Japanese shogi. Chess is mainly popular in the Global Chinese, Vietnamese and Ryukyuan communities, and was one of the official competitions of the first World Mind Games.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > history</h1>
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > word evolution[edit].</h1>
Chess and chess have a variety of meanings in the Chinese: from ancient times to the present, it can refer to six bo, playing chess, Go, double land, symbolic games, Chinese chess abbreviations, and various chess games.
The term chess first appeared in the Warring States and refers to a piece made of ivory, and can also refer to the six bos that symbolize the game of the raptor hunting fish. Because the six chess pieces have other materials, some people think that chess is a game that indicates that the six games are symbolic. "Chu Ci Summoning Souls": "Hide the chess, there are six Bo points." Wang Yi's note: "With the cover as a hedge, ivory as a chess piece." "Say Yuan Shan Said": "Yan is fighting chess and dancing Zheng Nu." Changsha Mawangdui No. 3 Western Han Tomb Dispatch Strategy: "Bo one body; Bo Ju one; chess twelve; elephant straight food its twenty; elephant fence? Thirty; like cutting a knife; like cutting one; like cutting a mouth; like a mouth. This term can also be used to play chess, Go, double land and other chess pieces that use ivory as chess pieces.
The term elephant play first appeared in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, similar to the Northern Zhou Elephant Play of Fan Pu and Horse Fighting, which originally meant symbolic game. Later Emperor Wu of The Later Zhou Dynasty created the Northern Zhou Elephant Play and compiled the "Elephant Classic", which has the image of the sun, moon and stars, and the name of the elephant play comes from this.
After the Fall of the Tang and Song Dynasties, elephant play can refer to chess games that symbolize war, such as Baoying elephant play and elephant play. The Northern Song Dynasty Chao Supplement's "Guangxiang Drama Ge Ge · Preface": "Elephant drama, soldier drama, the battle of the Yellow Emperor drove the beast into a battle; elephant, the beast of the male also, so the drama soldiers are named after the elephant drama." ”
After the Song Dynasty, the term chess began to be used in Chinese chess and became a special name. In the Northern Song Dynasty, some people also used double land as chess. Elephant opera has become the elegant name and ancient name of Chinese chess.
In modern times, chess can refer to a wide range of chess games.
One of the chess pieces (phases) is completely derived from the same chess piece image in ancient Indian chess, and the two moves exactly the same way, which is to walk diagonally to the two grids, that is, the word "tian", so the elephants on both sides cannot attack each other. The elephant in chess also originated from the elephant in Indian chess, and later in about the 16th century, because the two protrusions symbolizing ivory on the chess piece resembled bishop's hats, they were named bishops in English, and the movement changed from walking diagonally to fixing two squares to diagonally at any distance.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > source</h1>
Main article: History of chess
Residents of the Datong city community play chess
Persian chess was introduced to China to become a treasure in chess. Finally Chinese transformed into Chinese chess in the Song Dynasty. German chess historian Peter Banaschak pointed out that Baoying chess, which does not have a "cannon" in the Tang Dynasty Prime Minister Niu Monk's "Record of XuanWei", is the true source of Chinese chess.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > early legends and developments</h1>
Folklore says that chess was founded in Han Xin. Han Xin was imprisoned by Lü Hou, who wanted to write the art of war, but was forbidden, so he took a pen and paper to invent a game of "talking on paper" to play with the jailer, the chessboard was bounded by a chasm (Chu River Han Realm), after Han Xin was killed, the jailer retired and named this game "Xiangqi".
In China, it can be confirmed that the chess game belongs to the Tang Dynasty Baoying chess. From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, it gradually evolved into the current Chinese chess. Ming Dynasty Fang Yizhi's Tongya: "Chess began in the Tang Dynasty, Zhou Wuzhi's Xiangjing, and not the present Xiangjue."
It is said that there is a Suzhou brocade between the Tang and Song dynasties with the theme of chess and piano paintings, and the chessboard diagram is a black-and-white chessboard of eight by eight, which is believed to be the chess board of the Tang Dynasty, which is to mislead the Song brocade for a brocade produced in the Song Dynasty. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the colorful heavy brocade "Qinqi Calligraphy and Painting Brocade" was newly designed by the Suzhou Brocade Factory that produced Song Jin, and the checkerboard diagram was taken from chess, not the Tang and Song antiquities pattern.
According to the Tang Dynasty Wu Zetian's dream of playing chess with The Great Luo Tiannu," Wu Zetian dreamed of playing backgammon, according to the "Supplement to the History of the Tang Kingdom", the Song and Yuan novels "The Sixth Counsel", the "Di Renjie Biography", the "Tianzhong Record", and the "Yuanjian Class Letter", Wu Zetian dreamed of playing backgammon.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Song Dynasty: Modern Chess Took Shape</h1>
The chess of the Northern Song Dynasty included elephant plays and small elephant plays. According to the Joseon Lee Gyeung Kyung's "Elephant Map Method", there are no elephants in the small elephant play, but there are crossbows, and the others are generals, soldiers, vehicles, horses, cannons, and pawns (the other side is written as steps).
After that, chess became more popular, and many literati loved to play chess, and chess players became a profession. From the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, it has become a form of modern chess, the shuai will stay at the bottom of the nine palaces, the chess pieces are made of ceramics or copper, the latter is called chess money, for a kind of spending money, there are pictures and texts, the money text is written generals, soldiers, elephants, horses, cannons, cannons, cars, pawns, and there is no distinction between shuai, shi, phase, cannon, 㐷, 伡 and other variant characters, when playing chess may be one side holding the literal face, one side holding the surface; if the chess money on both sides may be distinguished from the color by painting cinnabar and other ways. In the "Records of Shilin Guangji" written by Chen Yuanliang in the late Southern Song Dynasty, the earliest two complete chess games and the oldest game of chess " Erlong out of the sea " were recorded.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Ming Dynasty</h1>
From the Yuan Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty, the development of chess was at a low ebb due to the lack of attention paid by the rulers. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, chess has developed again, spanning the Ming and Qing dynasties, lasting about three hundred years. The most famous chess player of the Ming Dynasty was Li Kaixian (1502-1568), whose chess strength was far superior to that of the national players at that time. Li Kaixian left two "Chess Songs" to describe his game scenes and experiences, but unfortunately did not leave a chess score.
The chess scores compiled or published by the Ming Dynasty include "Dreaming into the Divine Machine", "Suitable for Love and Elegance", "Tangerine Secret", "Hundred Variations of Chess Scores", "Invincible Hands From the Hole" and so on.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > qing dynasty</h1>
Xu Xingyou (1650-?), a famous go player during the Kangxi Dynasty He is also a chess player, he traveled to Yan zhao qilu and other places, defeated local famous players as many as possible, and was known as "Qiantang Double Absolute". In the last years of the Kangxi Dynasty, Xu Xingyou was killed by another young go and chess player, Cheng Lanru (c. 1692-?). ) to defeat and give up the title of "Chess King" of chess. In the middle of Qianlong, chess was greatly popular and talented, and there were nine famous chess players with eleven people, of which Wujin Zhou Tingmei was particularly outstanding. He traveled throughout the northern and southern provinces, defeating famous men of various factions and having more than two hundred protégés.
The chess scores compiled by the Qing Dynasty include "Plum Blossom Score", "TaoLuo Yuanji", "Five Great Ministers Chess Score", "Xinwu Fragment", "Hundred Games Chess Score", "Bamboo Xiang Zhai Elephant Play Score", "Yuanshen HaiKuo", "Rotten Ke Divine Machine", "Anti-Plum Blossom Score", etc.; among them, "Xinwu Remnant Compilation", "Hundred Games Chess Score", "Bamboo Xiang Zhai Elephant Play Score", "Yuanshen HaiKuo" are known as "four major row of game scores".
The four major row scores were produced almost at the same time, and because the content was mostly selected from the popular folk chess games at that time, there were some repeaters. The chess games that represent the high level of the Qing Dynasty's ranking art are "Seven Star Gathering", "Earthworm Descending Dragon", "Wild Horse Caotian", and "Thousand Miles Alone", which are fascinating because of their exquisite choreography and change, known as the "Four Famous Games".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > modern times</h1>
From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the mainland of the Republic of China, the situation was chaotic, and the development of chess was temporarily frustrated. In the early 1930s, there was a brief pomp and circumstance. In September 1930, the "East China and South China Divisional Chess Battle" was held in Hong Kong. The representatives in East China are Zhou Deyu and Lin Yixian in Shanghai, and the representatives in South China are Li Qingquan and Feng Jingru in Guangzhou. The two sides fought for sixteen innings and eventually drew. Among them, Li Qingquan, the main general of South China, is the only undefeated person in the whole department and is awarded the title of "invincible".
At the beginning of the following year, the "East China and North China Divisional Chess Tournament" was held in Shanghai. The representatives of East China are Zhou Deyu and Wan Qiyou, and the representatives of North China are Zhao Wenxuan and Zhang Dekui. The result of the game is that East China Zhou Deyu has the highest points, because there were five provinces in North China at that time, and East China refers to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, so chess friends honor Zhou Deyu as the "Seven Provinces Chess King".
Xie Xiaxun, a chess activist who organized the above two divisional chess tournaments, is himself both a famous chess player and a national chess player. He traveled to Nanyang twice in 1935 and 1937, and his reputation spread overseas. He also edited chess books such as "Chess Score", "Newly Compiled Chess Score", "Nanyang Chess Album" and so on.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Yang Guanxuan, Chen Songshun, He Shun'an, Li Yiting, Wang Jialiang and other chess players successively stood on the front line of the chess world. In January 1956, the National Sports Commission announced the inclusion of chess in sports. In December of the same year, the first "National Chess Championship" was held in Beijing, and the champion was won by Yang Guanxuan, the "first person" in the chess world at that time. Subsequently, he won the national championship three times in 1957, 1959 and 1962, which is called the "Yang Guanxuan Era" in the history of chess.
By the 1960s, Yang's supremacy was gradually replaced by Hu Ronghua, a young general from Shanghai. In 1960, at the age of 15, Hu Ronghua won the individual championship in his first national competition. By 1979, he had won ten consecutive national championships (of which only 1962 was tied with Yang Guanxuan), known as the "Ten Consecutive Champions of chess". In 1980, Liu Dahua from Hubei broke Hu Ronghua's succession to win the championship, and won the championship the following year. Since then, the chess world has shown a situation of juxtaposition, li laiqun, Hu Ronghua, Lü Qin, Xu Tianhong, Zhao Guorong, Xu Yinchuan, Tao Hanming and other people have successively won the championship in this competition.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > chess piece</h1>
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > board</h1>
The chess board consists of 9 longitudinal and 10 horizontal lines intersecting. The pieces are placed at the intersection of each line and move on the line. The line in the middle of the chessboard is not drawn with a longitudinal line, called "River Boundary", usually marked with the words "Chu River Han Boundary", symbolizing the gap between Chu and Han when they fought. According to Liu Guobin's examination of ancient books and ancient chess tools, the chessboard writes that the Chu River Han Boundary only began to exist between the 1920s and 1930s. The river boundary is also marked with the words "Watching chess without speaking to a true gentleman, starting with no return to the big husband". The longitudinal line of this line is actually hidden and does not affect the movement of the pieces.
The current Chinese method of recording is: 9 longitudinal lines, the red side from right to left with the Chinese characters "one" to "nine", and the black side on its own side from right to left with the numbers "1" to "9". That is to say, the longitudinal line "one" of the red side is the longitudinal line "9" of the black side, and so on. The fourth longitudinal line (or the 6th longitudinal line) and the sixth longitudinal line (or the fourth longitudinal line) are called "two ribs", "two rib lines", referred to as "ribs". On the chessboard, there are diagonal crossing lines to form a "meter" shaped square, and each side has a piece, called the "Nine Palaces", which is the area where the general (shuai) and the soldier (shi) are active.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > piece</h1>
The colors of the pieces are divided into red and black (there are also green and blue instead of black).
In ancient times, because the price of pigments of special colors was higher, the word consent or the near-sound word was used to represent the equivalent chess pieces of the other party, but it eventually evolved into a feature.
Each side has 16 pieces:
They are one general (shuai), 2 soldiers (shi), 2 elephants (xiang), 2 cars (li), 2 horses (傌), 2 cannons (cannons), and 5 pawns (soldiers).
Horse movement and wedge on horse legs
The eating method of the cannon
Chess pieces are usually made of wood or plastic. The round pieces are engraved with text, and the other side is blank. This feature gave rise to Chinese chess variants, especially blind chess.
Later, there were also three-dimensional chess pieces, such as character carvings (especially movie and manga characters), objects, etc., but they were not popular, and they were often used as decorations.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > wins and draws</h1>
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > win or lose</h1>
For ordinary chess games, as long as one side is "underpaid" or "dying", or automatically conceded defeat, the other side can win. Underruns and dead lines are defined as follows:
When the party has no children to go, as soon as it moves, the general will be eaten, which is called underling, also known as sleep.
When the pawns of the party occupy the position of the general who can attack the opponent, ready to eat it in the next step, it is called the general or general, or the general for short.
The general's side must be defused, i.e., by moving the general or other pieces. Situations that cannot be referred to as "being killed" are not supposed to be.'
In addition to the above general circumstances, there are other ways to determine the winner of the game, as outlined below.
The party that times out first is awarded the negative
The cheating party is awarded a negative (if the prior agreement deliberately loses the game, both parties are awarded)
The party that takes two or more steps in a row is awarded
The party that moves the opposing piece is awarded the defeat
The party who plays the permissible method of playing the chess piece (such as "Ma Xingtian", "Elephant Xingri", "Eating Method of Cannon Cart", "Soldier Walking Across before Crossing the River", "General's Face", "Turning horse's foot", "Stuffing Elephant Eyes", etc.) is awarded
Neither side has eaten the other's chess pieces within a number of moves, and the result is decided by the referee (usually the winner of the case wins the game, and the case sum is judged)
The side of the long fight (i.e. long catch, long general, long kill, or one general and one to kill) is usually awarded a loss, with the following exceptions: the general can catch the opponent's chess pieces for a long time (meaning "you can use the general/marshal to catch the opponent's chess pieces for a long time", not "you can use your own chess pieces to catch the opponent's general/marshal"), the two sides can not change the sentence and the pawn can be long (but not the long general or long kill), the two sides do not change the judgment and the two sides fight each other for a long time (that is, the attack and defense sides take turns to foul), and the number of pieces fouled by each party is equal, such as "one dozen and one dozen" or "two dozen and two dozen", If the two sides do not change the verdict; if they are not equal, such as "one dozen and two dozen", the party with more fouls must change and not change the verdict
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > a draw</h1>
The Office will do and:
The formation of a simple situation in which neither side can win is recognized as a "dead end" (similar to the chess situation of the king against the king's single knight, etc.), such as the fact that both sides have no offensive pieces, or the single car against the soldier Elephant Quan, the five bottom soldiers single cannon double elephant against the single king, etc.
One party proposes and the other party accepts the offer, which is called "agreement and bureau".
Starting from either step, neither side has eaten a single piece in 60 rounds.
Long heel, long exchange, long stop, long offering, one catch and one idle, or one general and one idle, can be judged after three rounds of the cycle.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > notation method</h1>
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Chinese notation</h1>
The coordinates on the board are 9 straight lines from right to left for each player, 1 to 9. The red square uses Chinese characters (1, 2, 3...). Write, black side in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3) Chinese notation generally uses four words to record the movement of chess pieces.
The first character is the name of the pawn. Such as "horse" or "car".
The second word is a number that indicates the position of the straight line (road) where the piece is located. Chinese numerals are used for the red side and Arabic numerals for the black side.
When a party has more than 2 pieces with the same name located in the same vertical line, it needs to be distinguished by "front" or "back". For example, "Front Gun Retreat Six" (indicating that the front red 㐷 retreats to straight line six) and "Rear Gun Level 4" (indicating that the black cannon behind it is translated to straight line 4). The elephant does not need to be judged before or later, because even if it is in the same straight line, it is possible to know which one to move by the third word (advance and retreat).
Soldiers' notation methods in special situations (mainly encountered in the creation of rehearsals, but also encountered in actual combat):
When the pawns reach 3 in the same vertical line, they are distinguished by the front, middle, and rear, and 4 are distinguished by the front, two, three, and four (or back), and 5 are distinguished by the front, two, three, four, and five (or after).
When the pawns in the two vertical lines reach more than two, according to the old notation method for example: the former soldier nine ping eight, at this time can be omitted bing (卒), recorded as the first nine ping eight, in order to achieve the requirement of using 4 Chinese characters to record the score, this representation has been realized on the Chinese chess DHTMLXQ dynamic chess board, is an important improvement of the Chinese notation method.
The third character indicates the direction in which the pieces are moving: "flat" for horizontal walking, "advance" for forward, and "retreat" for backwards. Sometimes you can also use "up" and "down" instead of "in" and "back".
The fourth character indicates the destination to which the pieces are headed.
If it is a piece that can only be straight or horizontal, the number of moves is represented when it is straight, and the number of the position of the destination line (road) when it is horizontal. [c 5]
If it is a piece that can only travel obliquely, it represents the number of the position of the destination line (road). [c 6]
Omit when the pieces can only go straight a step back. [c 7]
If the score includes only the middle or endgame, and it is the black side's turn to go at the beginning, the red side's steps will be marked with an ellipsis. The following is a relatively complete example of the first 3 steps of the cannon screen horse against the three-step tiger:
Step number red square black square 1.cannon two flat five horse 8 into 72.㐷二進三 cannon 8 flat 93.㐷八進 seven vehicles 9 flat 8
("Cannon 2 level 5" means that the red cannon moves from 2nd road to 5th road; "Horse 8 into 7" means that the dark horse goes forward from 8 road to 7 road.) ）
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > shorthand</h1>
In order to meet the needs of the situation and improve the recording speed, someone has reformed the original Chinese notation method of recording:
Change the number to Arabic numeral;
Change four words to three words – remove the third word (direction of motion) and use short horizontal lines instead. Draw a horizontal line under the third word to indicate "in", draw a horizontal line on it to indicate "retreat", and add an unsexpansive line to indicate "flat".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Western notation</h1>
Western notation converts Chinese notation into English letters and numbers. Various pieces H (Horse- Horse), R (Rook - Car), C (Cannon - Cannon) and P (Pawn - Soldier) are replaced. "Flat" with "=" or "." Substitution; "forward", "backward", "before" and "after" are replaced by "+" and "-" respectively.
Horse 2 into 3 (H2+3): The horse on the 2nd straight line of the black side turns forward and then to the left and walks to the 3rd straight line
R1+1: The red side takes a step forward in the first straight line (i.e. the far right).
Rear Cannon Level 4 (C-=4 / C-.4): The black side has two black cannons in a straight line, moving the nearer black side's own one to the 4th line.[28]
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > chess stage</h1>
The overall chess game is usually divided into three stages: the beginning, the middle game, and the endgame. There is no clear demarcation between the stages. The two sides each take eight to twelve steps to start the game, until the two sides have only one or two eldest sons (cars, horses, cannons) as the endgame, and the middle game in between.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > start</h1>
Main article: Chess opening
The main thing in the opening game is to arrange the direction of the pieces, lay a good foundation for the subsequent battles, and make preparations. Because at the beginning of the game, the position of the pieces is prescribed, so there are a variety of common openings.
The popular first hand (red side first go) has the following cannon types: the head cannon (cannon two flat five or cannon eight flat five, referred to as "middle cannon"), the palace cannon (cannon two flat six or cannon eight flat four, also known as the corner cannon), the soldier corner cannon (cannon two flat four or gun eight flat six) and the unspopular river patrol cannon (cannon two into two or cannon eight into two) and so on. Horses: Horse Start Bureau (Horse Two Into Three or Horse Eight Into Seven) and Side Horse Bureau (Horse Two Into One or Horse Eight into Nine) and Unpopular Side Horse Bureau (Horse Two into One or Horse Eight into Nine). Elephant class: Flying Elephant Bureau (phase three into five or phase seven into five). Categories: Soldier Bureau (Soldier Three Into One or Soldier Seven Into One, also known as "Immortal Guiding") and The Unpopular Border Bureau (Soldier One Into One or Soldier Nine into One).
The popular backhand (black square back walking) accrual counts: should be in the middle of the cannon category: horse bureau: screen horse (horse 8 into 7 + horse 2 into 3), anti-palace horse (horse 2 into 3 + cannon 8 flat 6 + horse 8 into 7), single lift horse (horse 2 into 3 + horse 8 into 9) and so on. Gun Position: Column Gun (Cannon 2 flat 5, opposite direction of the previous side). Horses should be raised: enter the horse (horse 2 into 3), enter the pawn (pawn 7 into 1), ascend the elephant (like 3 into 5), return the cannon (cannon 8 flat 5) and so on. Flying elephants: entering the pawn (卒3 into 1), also hitting the cannon (cannon 8 flat 5), passing the palace cannon (cannon 8 flat 4), shijiao cannon (cannon 8 flat 6), Shunxiang (elephant 7 into 5) and so on. Should be recruited: pair of soldiers (pawn 3 into 1), pawn bottom gun (gun 8 flat 7), also hit cannon (gun 8 flat 5), flying elephant (phase 7 into 5) and so on.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the middle hand</h1>
Main article: Chess mid-game
The middle game is different from the opening game, and there is no way to follow the chess game. And there are a lot of pieces in the middle game, and there are a lot of changes. Therefore, the central bureau often takes the most time to think.
Offensive tactics include: abandoning the son into the game (letting the opponent eat his own car, horse, and cannon son to get the victory of killing the opponent's camp, or sacrificing his own son to break the opponent's elephant and win) Luck to take the momentum (mobilize the child force into an effective offensive force) To preempt the son (through the exchange of waiting for quantum force to gain the initiative)
Defensive tactics include: anti-abandonment (returning to one's own eldest son to delay the opponent's attack, so as to counterattack) Yunzi counter-attack (mobilizing sub-force defense, so that it counterattacks) and counter-sub-sum (through the exchange of equal or unequal quantum forces, consuming the opponent's offensive strength to achieve a chess situation)
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > endgame</h1>
Main article: Chess endgame
The endgame carried on from the opening and the middle of the game to the end of the game. Usually, when there are two hadrons (cars, horses, guns) left on each side, it can be said that they have entered the endgame stage.
After eating on both sides of the middle game, the number of pieces on the board has been reduced, and although there are still many changes, it is smoother than the middle game.
The endgame can generally be divided into two types: the fixed endgame (that is, there is a spectrum to follow, such as "single horse wins single soldier", "single car does not win the horse double Shi single lack of phase", etc.), and the actual combat endgame (that is, there is no spectrum to follow), such as "horse artillery double soldier shi full pair double gun double gun double soldier elephant complete".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > chess culture</h1>
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > chess score[edit].</h1>
Main article: Chinese chess score
Chess is a record of the development of a chess game, mostly ancient and modern Chinese and foreign matches, or someone's scheduled chess game. At present, these chess scores are published in books for people to read. From ancient times to the present, there have been many chess scores. However, most of the more famous chess scores handed down in ancient times, such as "Tangerine Secret" and "Plum Blossom Score", etc., and most of them are hand-copied, rarely engraved versions, and have only been published into books in large quantities in recent decades.
In addition, many chess masters and authors have written many chess scores to study different openings, middle games, and endgames. Hu Ronghua's "Anti-Palace Horse Collection" and Yang Guanxuan's "Yilin Essence" and "Yilin New Edition" are good examples.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > term</h1>
Main article: Chinese chess terminology
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > propagated</h1>
In recent years, since playing chess can improve children's mental development, chess as an education has become very common in major cities. In the development of chess, chess academies play a very important role, and chess academies have sprung up all over the world. Chinese mainland modern times, a number of government-run and private chess academies have been set up, hong Kong, China has a Chinese Hong Kong chess academy, etc., in overseas countries such as Southeast Asia, Malaysia's first professional chess academy, Yizhi Chess Academy, has done a very good job in developing chess education, and has also enabled the Chinese culture of chess to spread.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Ryukyu</h1>
Ryukyu chess (Okinawan: chess) is no different from Chinese chess, but far from Japanese shogi. The timing of chess's spread to Ryukyu is uncertain.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Vietnam</h1>
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > undefeated footwork</h1>
Since ancient times, countless chess players have studied chess techniques and looked for ways to win. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, there were still no reports that any chess player had not been defeated. However, in game theory, mathematical induction can prove the following theorem (Cemelo's theorem): any two-player game that can end within a finite number of moves must have an undefeated method. That is to say, Chinese chess is a partially deconstructed solved game.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > idioms, slang, and post-break languages associated with the game</h1>
Watching chess is not a true gentleman, raising a chess piece without regret (starting without returning) Big husband: I hope that the audience will not give instructions, and chess players will not regret chess.
When you get off the car, you can't get off the soldier: only those who describe people with insight can find talents.
Do not be coaxed in a chess match, and the consequences are at your own risk: it shows that the audience speaks out and guides, and if one side loses the chess, the audience will be retaliated against.
Horses enter the middle palace, either dead or injured: describing the situation as dangerous. There is also a similar post-break in the Minnan dialect, if a horse tramples into the palace, it will not die or be injured.
Crossing the river pawn, there is no retreat: described as having no way out, riding a tiger is difficult.
They will only eat pawns, and will not shout: the metaphor is the end of the book.
Pawns can cross the river: the metaphor of things is small, but it has a big effect. Chinese mainland there are sayings that "a pawn crosses the river top of the car" and "the pawn crosses the river as a car messenger".
The black pawn is said to be a red marshal: the metaphor reverses right and wrong.
Hurrying up: The metaphor is urgent, acting cheaply, and not following normal rules.
Horse front plug pawn, crappy: refers to the poor quality of the object, or the inferior talent of the person.
Chu River Han Boundary: The metaphorical barrier is clear.
The king does not see the king: originally referring to the rules of the flying general, the latter refers to two people who are not high or low, who are incompatible with each other and do not want to meet.
After the Horse: A Metaphor for Hindsight.
Flying Elephant Crossing the River: The metaphor is a quick success, not a routine.
General Draws a Car: The metaphor is to attack the opponent's key points in order to gain important benefits.
Abandoned car bodyguard: The metaphor of giving up important interests to save the overall situation.
The authorities are confused, and the bystanders are clear
If you are not careful, you will lose everything
Chess is like character: The strengths and weaknesses of an individual's personality are often reflected in the process of playing chess
Veteran on chess: Metaphorical death does not dare to come out of that box / out of the box
Military chess game: a metaphor for a soldier on paper
Pawn Crossing the River: Describe the step by step arch forward
Watching chess only looks at the car and horse cannon: describe the lack of recognition
Shell the old marshal: General
Chess lost: the metaphor lost
Heavy artillery will - childless pads
The horse turns back – not as good as a donkey
Play a game of chess for three days – against your opponent
Chess on the tofu board – there is no way out
Chess on the Go board - not counting the wrong way (not reading the score)
The soldier on the chessboard - not leaving the general
Dead wood carved chess pieces (also known as Tang Locust wood to make chess) - veteran veteran
Chess warriors - take the oblique road: harmonic, take the evil road
Zhao Kuangyin played chess - losing and winning
Chess Car – Rampage
Dark chess is played on the military chessboard - not on the grid
Fight on the chessboard – cross the river without a boat
Chess pieces walk on the line – out of place
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > event</h1>
World Chess Championship
Asian Chess Championship
Asian Chess Individual Championship (formerly known as the Asian City Chess Players Invitational Tournament)
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > famous chess player</h1>
Main article: Grandmaster chess
Modern men: Peng Shusheng, Lin Yixian, Shao Ciming, Zeng Zhanhong, Huang Songxuan, Lu Hui, Feng Jingru, Li Qingquan, Xie Xiaxun, Chung Zhen, Zhou Deyu, Tu Jingming, Zhu Jianqiu, Dong Wenyuan, Chen Songshun, He Shun'an, Liu Yici
Modern men (subject to the title of Chess Grandmaster): Yang Guanxuan (deceased), Li Yiting (deceased), Hu Ronghua, Liu Dahua, Li Laiqun, Lü Qin, Xu Tianhong, Zhao Guorong, Xu Yinchuan, Tao Hanming, Yu Youhua, Hong Zhi, Zhao Xinxin, Jiang Chuan, Sun Yongzheng, Wang Tianyi, Xie Jing, Zheng Weitong, Xu Chao, Wang Yang (above 20 are national champions), Wang Jialiang, Meng Liguo (deceased), Lin Hongmin, Xu Tianli, Liu Dianzhong, Cai Furu, Wan Chunlin, Miao Yongpeng, Zhuang Yuting, Bu Fengbo, Zheng Yihong, Chen Hanfeng, Wang Bin, Xu Guoyi, Meng Chen, Hao Jichao, Shen Hu, Sun Yiyang, Cheng Ming, Lu Weitao, Wang Yuefei, Zhang Xuechao, Zhang Qiang
Modern men (except Chinese mainland, subject to the title of World Chess Federation Grand International Master): Taiwan: Wu Guilin, Ma Zhongwei; Macau: Lee Kam Huan; Hong Kong: Cho Ru Quan; Vietnam: Nguyen Wu Khun (deceased), Nguyen Thanh Bao
Modern women (subject to the title of chess grandmaster): Huang Zijun, Xie Siming, Shan Xiali, Lin Ye, Gao Hua, Hu Ming, Huang Yuying, Huang Wei, Wu Xia, Gao Yiping, Wang Linna, Zhang Guofeng, Jin Haiying, Guo Liping, Dang Guolei, Zhao Guanfang, Tang Dan, You Yingqin (the above 18 are national champions), Chen Lichun, Ouyang Qilin, Li Delin, Gang Qiuying, Wu Xia, Han Bing
Modern women (Chinese mainland, subject to the title of World Chess Federation Grand International Master): Singapore: Zhang Xinhuan
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > variants and other gameplay</h1>
Main article: Chinese chess variant
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > compared to chess</h1>
The chess board is larger and the density of pieces is lower, that is, there are more branches per step of the opening and middle games, which increases the difficulty of game programming. The state space complexity of chess is 1048; the complexity of the game tree is 10150.
The endgame of chess is relatively more complicated than that of Chinese chess, because wang's movement is unrestricted, and there is no restriction that "the general cannot look at the face", and the soldiers can be upgraded.
There are all artificial stumps, but only Chinese chess is used to taking a graceful name for stumps.
The two differ in the provisions of the peace bureau. In Chinese chess, there is no one who has no chess to go under the sun to go (owes) to lose, but in chess, it is counted as a draw; in addition, Chinese chess repeats the long catch or the long general's side as a loser, but chess is a draw. This has a great impact on the endgame tactics of both chess pieces.
Chinese chess and Korean chess do not have rules for military ascension, but chess does, and Japanese shogi has chess in which pieces except for Wang Shogun (Jade Shogun) and Golden Shogun can be upgraded.