Author: Our special guest author Zhu Yingyuejiang
First, the lord of ZTE
If the Kaiyuan prosperous era is the ultimate glory of the Tang Dynasty, then the Anshi Rebellion is the bitter tears of the Tang Dynasty. How many Champs Pavilions, Yingge Yan language, have been transformed into a prosperous dream of the past in the fire of the sky.
In 779, Emperor Dezong of Tang finally sat on the throne he had in mind, becoming the ninth king of the Tang Dynasty. He was 37 years old, and it was the golden age of the emperor, and he had already made up his mind to let the devastated Tang Dynasty after the "Anshi Rebellion" reproduce the glory of ZTE.
Compared with the emperors who grew up in those honeypots, Tang Dezong Li Shi's early life was a bumpy one: in the fourteenth year, he caught up with the anshi chaos that shocked the world, and ran east and west with his grandfather (Tang Suzong), but he also stood out in that great chaos with a youthful vigor; at the age of twenty-one, he was named the marshal of the world's soldiers and horses, and won the last battle to quell the Anshi rebellion; also with his outstanding military achievements, he and Guo Ziyi Li Guangbi and other gods of war "shaped Ling yan pavilion", young, He became a great hero passed down by word of mouth among the people of Datang.
But this war brought him far more than the glory of heroes. His birth mother, Shen Shi, the "Shen Pearl" in Ye Shi, mysteriously disappeared during the An Shi Rebellion. At the enthronement ceremony of Tang Dezong in 779 AD, Tang Dezong, who missed his mother, could only "remotely honor" his mother as the empress dowager, and at the scene of the ascension to the throne, the new emperor and his ministers cried for this. After that, all his life, he was desperately looking for the whereabouts of his mother, and even if a liar came to impersonate him, he never punished him: "As long as he can find his mother, he would rather be deceived a hundred times." ”
What this chaos brought him was such an unforgettable trauma. It is precisely because of this that Tang Dezong also deeply resented the division of the feudal towns of the Tang At this time, and vowed to sweep away the withering after the Anshi rebellion, and also to clarify the tang dynasty.
To this end, Tang Dezong advocated frugality internally, and the history books said that he "obeyed the law of etiquette, ate horsetooth soup, and did not set salt or cheese", and the king of a country could eat purslane and not put salt and cheese as a kind of ingredient, which was considered to have brought the virtue of frugality to the extreme.
While his life was simple and unpretentious, Tang Dezong did not forget to rectify the extravagant and exaggerated style in the dynasty. Once, Zezhou Thorn Shi wanted to use Xiangrui to please Tang Dezong, so he presented Tang Dezong with a picture of Qingyun, who knew that Tang Dezong saw it and said: "Tang Dezong took Shi and Nianfeng as Jiaxiang, and Jin xianxian Xianzhong as Liangrui, such as Qingyun, Lingzhi, rare birds, strange beasts, strange grasses, and strange trees, how beneficial to people!" Announce to the world, from now on, there is no need to sacrifice", Zezhou Thorn History's horse ass, can be regarded as a photograph on the horse's hoof.
After a will suppressed the atmosphere of offering xiangrui, Tang Dezong set his sights on the maladministration of bribery in the DPRK. For example, when Tang Dezong discovered that the "envoy" Shao Guangchao had been instructed to give Li Xilie a festival, he accepted gifts such as slaves and horses from Li Xilie, and when he beat Shao Guangchao severely, he was exiled, frightening others from accepting bribes again. The trend of bribery and bribery in the DPRK and China has greatly changed.
Under the governance of Tang Dezong, Datang really showed a zhongxing image. For a time, countless flowers and applause surrounded Tang Dezong, and "the Lord of the Ming Dynasty" became the common voice of the subjects of the world.
Who expected that just when everyone had high hopes for Tang Dezong, Tang Dezong's administration gradually changed its taste.
Second, the difficulty of Fengtian
For Tang Dezong, who had vowed to recreate the pride of the Tang Dynasty, he could not defeat the daily hymns. ZTE's original efforts to be frugal and self-reliant were ultimately not as straightforward as the drastic cutting of the domain.
Tang Dezong's pride finally disappeared in a song of praise. Gradually, Tang Dezong became more and more unable to listen to the contrarian words, and he began to favor Lu Qi, a traitor who was good at killing people with "beautiful words", and even after Lu Qi killed Yan Zhenqing with a knife, he still felt that Lu Qi was a righteous gentleman.
The daily chants also ruined Tang Dezong's Zhongxing plan. The confident Tang Dezong began to press the towns step by step, planning to rely on cutting the clan to replenish the blood of the poor finances, and second, to strengthen the central rule, and to complete the Zhongxing grand plan with one click.
This "wise move", placed at that time, was simply a powder keg: at this time, the feudal towns in various parts of the Tang Dynasty were full of wings, and there were Tubo Hui sharpening knives and sharpening the swords on the outside, and once it was too hasty, it was very likely to become a great difficulty. But Tang Dezong, who was anxious about monkeys, did not care about these things.
In order to complete the plan to cut the domain as soon as possible, Tang Dezong, disregarding the tradition of "attacking the father and the son", categorically refused chengde Jiedu's request to make his son Li Weiyue succeed to his father's throne, so angry that Li Weiyue joined forces with Wei Bo jiedu to make Tian Yue, Ziqing jiedu make Li Zhengji, and Shannan's eastern province jiedushi make Liang Chongyi jointly embark on the road of armed anti-Tang.
After the news of the rebellion reached the imperial court, Tang Dezong hurriedly ordered the towns of Hedong, Zhaoyi, Huaixi, Youzhou, and Xuanwu to send troops to quell the rebellion, and a warlord melee broke out.
Soon after the Four Towns Jiedu rebelled against the Tang, Li Xilie of Huaining also joined the rebel camp and fought with Ge Shuyao at Xiangcheng. Tang Dezong saw that the rebel army was strong, and there were no troops to be sent in the Central Plains, so he had to send 5,000 Jingyuan soldiers to support him in an emergency.
Who knew that when the Jingyuan soldiers passed through Chang'an, Tang Dezong suddenly became stingy, and neither had good wine and good food to entertain these soldiers who went out on the expedition, nor did he give the Jingyuan soldiers a rich reward.
This move ruthlessly offended the Jingyuan soldiers, and the result was that the Jingyuan soldiers who had helped the Tang Dynasty to fight the war turned their guns and attacked Chang'an, forcing Emperor Dezong of Tang to flee and take refuge in Fengtian (present-day Qianxian County, Shaanxi), known in history as the "Jingyuan Mutiny".
After the Jingyuan army captured Chang'an, he supported the former Youzhou Jiedu and made Zhu Zhu the leader and began to besiege Fengtian City. Fortunately, on the dezong side, the monarchs and subjects were single-minded and stubbornly guarded Fengtian, and the reinforcements of the imperial court came to the aid of the starry night, which forced Zhu Zhu to retreat to Chang'an.
As soon as the siege of Fengtian was lifted, the news came that Shuofang Jiedu had made Li Huaiguang and Zhu Zhu join forces, and before he could catch his breath, Emperor Dezong had to flee to Liang Prefecture (梁州, in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi).
In the first year of the Xingyuan Dynasty, the Tang general Li Sheng conquered Chang'an, Zhu Zhu was killed by his subordinates, and Emperor Dezong returned to Luang. This "Fengtian Difficulty", which almost dragged the Tang Dynasty into the endless abyss, finally drew a satisfactory end.
It can be said that the most dangerous moment of the Tang Dynasty was by no means the indiscriminate abandonment of Chang'an by An Shi, but precisely the big pit of Fengtian difficulties dug by Tang Dezong himself. If the situation at that time had deteriorated a little more, I was afraid that the Five Generations and Ten Kingdoms would have arrived ahead of schedule.
To tell the truth from facts, if Tang Dezong was just a faint prince with a loud voice and a horse, placed in the internal and external environment at the beginning of his ascension to the throne, he really could not cause such serious consequences. At this point, it was all the disaster of Tang Dezong's "too high enthusiasm" to break in, and it was simply "digging a pit with strength." Such a performance also made Wang Anshi, a famous minister of the Song Dynasty, complain: his immortals are fortunate to have -- "made" so that they did not perish the country, which was really a great luck.
So, Tang Dezong, who "dug a big pit", was able to escape the doom of the country, and really relied on his fate? In fact, people can not only dig pits with strength, but also climb pits with strength.
Third, difficult to climb the pit
After the fengtian disaster, Tang Dezong was painfully determined, faced with the mess of the Tang Dynasty that he had "made", and began a difficult road of climbing the pit.
In the third year of zhenyuan, Tang Dezong adopted Li Bi's suggestion of "North and Hui, Nantong Nanzhao, and Dashi and Tianzhu, so that Tubo would be trapped by himself", and was determined to solve the problem of The Tang Dynasty's serious border problem, the Tubo invasion, before solving the problem of Fanzhen.
Just by referring to Tang Dezong's tragic life in his early years, we can see how difficult it was for him to make this choice: during the Anshi Rebellion, Tang Dezong, as the crown prince, was humiliated in person by Hui Qi Khan, and his cronies were also whipped to death on the spot. Since then, Hui Hui has been on the "enemy list" in Tang Dezong's heart, and has always been "comparable" to Fanzhen. At this time, Tang Dezong resolutely put aside his former resentment and practiced Li Bi's proposition of "Northern Harmony and Huilu", in exchange for Hui qi to claim subjection to Datang and become a help for Datang border defense.
With such a broad mind, some fallen kings of the country in the future who have broken up and thought of "the ministers mistook me" should really study hard.
In 801 AD, the famous Tang general Wei Gao broke the Tubo, "Pulling out the city seven, the military town five, the household three thousand, the capture of six thousand, beheading more than 10,000 levels." After this war, there was no large-scale war in the western Tang Dynasty for seventeen years. The good environment of "cutting the domain" was just played out.
Domestic economic and military reforms were also the focus of Tang De's suzerainty. Tang Dezong vigorously promoted the Tun Tian system, ensuring the supply of grain while ensuring military expenditure, and the combat effectiveness of The Tang Dynasty's elite Divine Strategist Army has also increased linearly since then. All this became an important capital for his grandson, Li Chunping of Tang Xianzong, to stabilize the town. The future "Yuan and ZTE" is such a foundation.
Nine years after Tang Dezong's death, in 814 AD, the famous Tang general Li Yuxue went down to Cai Prefecture at night and flattened the town of Wu Yuanji in western Huaixi. Five years later, ziqing Li Shidao's town was also completely flattened by the Tang army. Other formerly die-hard feudal towns also hurriedly submitted to the Tang Dynasty. Tang Dezong's great cause of "cutting the domain" that he had worked so hard for before his death, and the "ZTE" era that he had been looking forward to incomparably, were finally realized.
The second spring of Datang took root and sprouted in the hands of Tang Dezong. It can be seen that even if a mistake is not terrible, as long as you are willing to remedy it, you are still a responsible person. For example, Tang Dezong is such a person.
References: "New Book of Tang", "Old Book of Tang", Liu Haixia's "Strategies for Trapping The Enemy: The Frontier Strategy of the Famous Minister of the Middle and Tang Dynasties", Song Zhijian's "The Beginning and End of Tang Dezong", Wang Xiaofeng's "Analysis of tang Dezong's Difficulty in Fengtian", Jia Fayi's "Ann Internal and External: On the Transformation of Tang Dezong's Ruling Policy", Zhang Guogang's "Tang Dezong's Cutting of the Domain and the Jingyuan Mutiny"
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