【"Yang Senwu Comments on the Three Kingdoms" 31st Comment】
Wen ‖ Yang Senwu
(To enjoy the 30th review of "Yang Senwu's Three Kingdoms", please click on the following link: Henan's "Living Zhuge Ge", praised by Premier Zhou, and the audience called her "iron-throated plum")
Cao Cao once said: If you have a son, you should be like Sun Zhongmou. I hope his son is as good as Sun Quan. Later it turned out that his son Cao Pi was no less than Sun Quan.
Cao Pi (187–226), courtesy name Huan, was Cao Cao's second son. After Cao Cao's death, Cao Pi succeeded to the throne as King of Wei, and then, coercing Emperor Han to offer the throne, established the state of Wei as Emperor Wen of Wei.
Cao Pi and Sun Quan are both a generation of tyrants, and in terms of character, strategy and political achievements, Cao Pi is not worse than Sun Quan, and even better than Sun Quan in some aspects. First of all, in terms of inheriting the throne, Cao Pi was much more difficult than Sun Quan.
Sun Ce, the founder of the Eastern Wu Foundation, confessed to Wu Guotai and the ministers of culture and martial arts before his death, and his younger brother Sun Quan succeeded him to the position of Lord of Wu. Because Sun Quan was not yet twenty years old, he also told Sun Quan that "internal affairs are not decided to ask Zhang Zhao, and foreign affairs are not decided to ask Zhou Yu." After Sun Ce's death, Sun Quan succeeded to the throne smoothly. Cao Pi, on the other hand, was not as lucky as Sun Quan, and his ascension to the throne was full of hardships and games.
The inheritance created by Cao Cao, who inherited it, has plagued him for many years. The four sons, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi, Cao Zhang, and Cao Xiong, all had the opportunity to ascend to the throne. In particular, Cao Zhi, intelligent and handsome, is only eight buckets high, and is deeply loved by his father, and Cao Cao wants him to take over. Cao Pi saw it in his eyes and was anxious in his heart, secretly asking sima Yi and Jia Xu for advice, and after some arduous fighting, he finally defeated Cao Zhi's party and inherited the throne of Wei, and then forced the puppet emperor Liu Xiechan to take the throne and ascend to the emperor's throne.
Cao Pi was worthy of a generation of British lords, and after coming to power, he carried out a series of reforms. First of all, the Han Xiandi emperor and the han dynasty left the old and the young were properly arranged, the capital was moved to Luoyang, and a new wenwu leadership team was formed. Luoyang was geographically suitable for the capital, and Cao Pi decided to move the capital from Xuchang to Luoyang. This decision completely changed the old appearance of the last generation during the Han Xiandi period, and the atmosphere of the imperial court was completely renewed.
The new imperial court continued to implement the policies and lines of emperor Wu's period, reusing talents in an eclectic manner, strengthening the rule of law, attaching importance to nongsang, implementing the tun tian system, the economy developed, the population quickly recovered to more than four million, and the military strength was the strength of the three kingdoms.
In diplomacy, we adopted the strategy of taking defense as an attack, and did not easily send troops to attack Shu and Wu, but instead Taoguang cultivated obscurity and waited to see what happened. In the first year of Shu Zhangwu, Liu Bei raised an army to attack Wu, and Sun Quan sent an emissary Zhao Zhi to Xu Du, named Zun Cao Pi as emperor, in fact, to ask for help from the State of Wei to send troops to cut down Shu.
Liu Ye, the grand master of the State of Wei, advised Cao Pi to take the opportunity to send an army to attack Wu, saying that if the State of Wu was destroyed, it would be easy to destroy the State of Shu again. Cao Pi rejected Liu Ye's suggestion, saying, "Shuo does not help Wu, nor does it help Shu." But looking at Wu and Shu fighting with troops, if one country is destroyed, but one country is preserved, then why is it difficult to send troops? This decision to sit on the mountain and watch the tiger fight shows Cao Pi's great talent.
Sure enough, Wu Shu exchanged troops, Liu Bei was defeated, and from then on he was devastated; Wu Guo's losses were not small. The strength of the State of Wei was far stronger than that of Wu Shu, forcing the two countries to reunite against Wei, but the time for the demise of the two countries was greatly advanced. Unfortunately, Cao Pi did not live long, and only lived forty years before he died. If the day is off, it should be Cao Pi, not Sima Yan, who will unify the world.
The kings of the Three Kingdoms all loved to read, but Liu Bei and Sun Quan only looked at his general outlines and did not study them in depth, but Cao Pi was different, he was talented and full of poetry. He, Cao Cao and Cao Zhi were all standard-bearers of Han Wei Jian'an literature.
Under the initiative of Cao's father and son, Jian'an literature entered a brilliant era, and Cao's father and son and the seven sons of Jian'an left a large number of poetry and literary endowments, influencing and promoting the cultural development of later generations.
Cao Pi's own article poetry is very good, he is also the first person in Chinese literary criticism, he wrote the "Treatise", is a classic article of Chinese literary criticism, in which he proposed: "Cover the article, through the great cause of the country, the grand event of immortality." He advocated that literature should take "literary style" and "text" as its soul, opposed "literati being light on each other", and advocated literary prosperity. It has played a great role in promoting the development of Chinese literature, and Jian'an literature occupies a very important position in the history of the development of Chinese literature.
Sun Ce commented on Sun Quan: There is more than enough to keep and not to make progress. It turned out that this was indeed the case, Sun Quan reigned for the longest time, preserving the foundation of Eastern Wu, and when he marched into Hefei, he was defeated by The Cao Army and almost lost his life, and has since held on to Jiangdong. Cao Pi, on the other hand, inherited his father's ambitions, never forgetting to eliminate Shu and Wu, unifying the world, often pro-unifying Wei bing and cutting down Shu and Wu. Because of the joint resistance of Shu and Wu against Wei, Wei attacked Wu Zeshu and sent troops to Hanzhong to attack Chang'an; Wei attacked Shu, and Wu sent troops to Hefei to attack XuDu. Therefore, the Three Kingdoms tug-of-war lasted for many years, but during this period, Cao Pi's enterprising spirit was many times stronger than Sun Quan's.
Cao Pi's personality is very similar to his father, scheming, clever and cunning, wise and foolish, calm and calm. In the struggle with Cao Zhi, he humbly asked the old courtiers of the court, such as Jia Xu and Sima Yi, to point out how to get his father's approval. In front of Cao Cao, he did not make superficial articles, showing a loyal and honest side, such as every time Cao Cao went out on a campaign, he was always in tears and clinging to it, while Cao Zhi showed off his wisdom and literary talent, and recited his poetry of singing and praising virtue in a high-profile manner, giving Cao Cao a sense of flashiness.
Most of the people Cao Zhi befriended were flashy literary talents, such as Yang Xiu and Ding Yi's generation, who did not practice serious things on weekdays, specialized in dancing and ink, writing poetry and singing, indulging in alcoholism, and being vain and sincere. Despite this, Cao Cao also wanted to train him as a successor, and once went out on a expedition to take him with him, hoping to let him get exercise.
Cao Pi was very dissatisfied when he saw that his father did not reuse himself, and on the first night before the expedition, he invited Cao Zhi to his home, set up a banquet to send off his brother, and poured Cao Zhi into a drunken state. The next day, Cao Jun traveled, and Cao Zhi was late because he was drunk, which made Cao Cao disappointed him. When he was established as the son of the emperor, Cao Cao was still hesitant in his heart, so he asked Jia Xu for advice. Jia Xu took the opportunity to say, "Has the King of Wei forgotten the story of Liu Biao and Yuan Shao's abolition of Chang Liyou?" In a word, it strengthened Cao Cao's confidence in establishing Cao Pi as the son of the world.
After Cao Pi ascended the throne, he advocated Confucianism and paid attention to indoctrination, and in the second year of the Huang Dynasty, he decreed that Lang Kongxian would be made the Marquis of Zongsheng. The old temple of Confucius was rebuilt and officers and soldiers were sent to guard it. He advocated frugality and opposed extravagance. In the third year of the Huang Dynasty, he issued an edict to determine a wasteland east of Shouyang Mountain as his mausoleum, and took the document as an instruction, saying that the cemetery could not be repaired, there was no county to guard the tomb, and the coffin and shou clothes at the time of funeral were only able to protect the body, and the burial objects should never be gold, silver and jewelry, and only some pottery could be buried.
Looking at the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Sun Quan and Cao Pi have their own advantages. Cao Cao's wishes should be met. However, because of the author's feudal orthodoxy, Cao Pi had many negative effects. The first is to rob the opponent's wife after winning the battle; then there is the section "Brother Forcing Brother Cao Zhi to Fu Poem", saying that he is fierce and fierce to kill the foot.
In fact, within the feudal dynasty, there were many stories of cannibalism, and after Hu Hai of Qin II ascended to the throne, he killed dozens of brothers and sisters; Tang Taizong Li Shimin not only killed his brothers and brothers, but also did not spare his nephews; the Qing Yongzheng Emperor did not let go of his brothers. And Cao Pi finally let Cao Zhi go, but only relegated him to a foreign country, and there was no difficulty for him in life.
What most disgusted later rulers was Cao Pi's usurpation of Han. In fact, this is the biggest black cauldron on Cao Pi's back. In Cao Cao's time, the situation of the Three Kingdoms had been formed, the Eastern Han Dynasty had already existed in name only, and Cao Cao no longer had to blackmail tianzi to order the princes. After Cao Cao's death, the situation was renewed, the old imperial court had no need to exist, it was imperative to replace the old charm with a new peach, it was natural for The Emperor of Han to take the throne, and Cao Pi did not have the sin of "usurping han".
The stars shift and the dynasties change. Sun Quan and Cao Pi, who were in the limelight at that time, have long since turned into dust, but the Stone City is still there, and the Zen Platform still exists. Thirty miles south of present-day Xuchang City, the town of Fancheng is still well preserved by zen platforms, with high loess, lush trees, lush flowers and plants, and beautiful scenery. Not far from The Platform there is the Wei WenDi Temple (later Ming Dynasty Xuzhou Zhizhou Shaobao changed to the Han Emperor Temple), the existing historical relics "Three Absolute Monuments" (belonging to the national first-class cultural relics), the successive generations of people who came to the stage to hang on the stage are endless. This is exactly:
The great river rushes to wood XiaoXiao,
Thousands of miles must be thrown.
How many traitors and traitors pass away with the water,
An article says Ercao!
【About the author】Yang Senwu, a native of Hubei, graduated from the Department of Chinese of Central China Normal University, worked in Xuchang, and is a member of the Henan Writers Association. He has published the novel "Hundred Mile Monument", the short story collection "Word of Mouth", "Drama God" and so on.
1. This article is published with the author's authorization, the author is responsible for the author's own responsibility, if there is infringement, please notify the "hometown Xuchang" today's headline number to delete immediately. The views of the author of this article do not represent the position of "hometown Xuchang" today's headlines.
2, the text has nothing to do. The pictures in this article come from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original photographer or original producer, and we would like to express our sincere thanks. If the pictures used in this article are infringing, please notify this today's headline number to delete it immediately.
3. "Hometown Xuchang" copyright works, reprint or submit, please send an email to [email protected].
Love Xuchang's hometown, see "Hometown Xuchang". Hometown Xuchang, feelings, temperature, taste!
This article is the original author of the headline number. Unauthorized reproduction is not permitted.