Liu Tao and Zhou Yumin's "Words of the Great Song Palace" was launched, which took the love story of Liu E and Zhao Heng as the main line, with the "Rule of Xianping" and "Renzong Shengzhi" as the historical background, telling the story of diplomatic relations, interdependence and mutual restraint between famous courtiers, clans and neighboring countries from 985 to 1033 AD, during the Zhenzong era of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Xiaobian is a history lover, the drama since its inception, controversy, in addition to the plot aside, some of the historical figures involved in this drama are still worthy of Xiaobian to check and learn. While chasing the drama while learning is a good habit of the editor, this is not, the drama has just started broadcasting, the small editor quickly learned the relevant historical figures and related historical materials of the play, so that the chase will not be confused and can not understand. Today, Xiaobian first came to learn and understand the heroine in the play, the heroine of the Song Dynasty who was the first female protagonist of the Song Dynasty, the real Lord of Cinderella's counterattack ~ Song Dynasty Zhang Xianming Su Empress Liu E. There have been many film and television works before this character, today we will take a look at what kind of legendary woman this is in history!
Song Zhang presented a portrait of Empress Dowager Liu E
Empress Zhang Xianmingsu (unknown name, folk legend has it that Liu E), the third empress of Zhao Heng of the Song Dynasty, the first female protagonist of the Song Dynasty, often called lü hou of Han and hou of Tang, and later generations called her "the talent of Lü Wu, the evil of Lü Wu".
In the TV series "Great Song Palace Words", Liu Tao played Liu E
Liu E's ancestral home was Taiyuan, her grandfather Liu Yanqing served as a general of the Right Xiao Wei during the Later Jin and Later Han dynasties of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and her father Liu Tong was the commander of Hu Jiedu during the Song Taizu Period, leading jia prefecture (present-day Leshan, Sichuan) to assassinate the history, so the family moved to Chengdu Huayang. Soon after Liu E's birth, her parents died, and Liu E, who was in her infancy, became an orphan daughter and was fostered in her mother Pang's mother's mother's house. Liu E, who was sent to the fence, grew up a little and became a singer, not only singing gracefully, but also good at sowing the mole (a rattle-like instrument). At a very young age, Liu E married a silversmith named Gong Mei in Shudi. Gong Mei took her out of Shu and went to the capital division to make a living in Tokyo.
In Jingshi, Gong Mei plans to sell Liu E and remarry someone else due to her difficult livelihood. When Emperor Taizong of Song's third son Zhao Heng (later Emperor Zhenzong of Song, then known as Zhao Yuanxiu) commanded Zhang Qi to recommend Liu E to the King of Han, Zhao Heng was greatly loved when he saw Liu E. Once, when Emperor Taizong of Song saw that the third prince was emaciated and emaciated, he asked Zhao Heng's nursing mother, who was around the prince? The nursing mother did not like Liu E, so she told Emperor Taizong about Liu E's entry into the palace. Emperor Taizong was furious when he heard that the crown prince was messing with a lowly and unknown folk woman, and ordered Zhao Heng to drive Liu E out of the palace. Soon, he was married to Zhao Heng, and the bride was famous, the daughter of Pan Mei, the founding hero of the Song Dynasty. Zhao Heng did not dare to disobey his father's orders, and it was difficult for him to abandon Liu E, so he secretly placed Liu E in the home of Zhang Qi, the commander of the imperial palace, and held private meetings from time to time. Zhang Qi saw that he was the prince's favorite person, and he served Liu E very cautiously and carefully. In order to avoid suspicion, Zhang Qi did not dare to go home to live from then on, and chose another house outside to settle down.
In the third year of The reign of Emperor Taizong of Song (997), Emperor Taizong of Song died, and the crown prince Zhao Heng succeeded him as Emperor Zhenzong of Song. After ascending the throne, Emperor Zhenzong of Song put Liu E into the palace, but the harem already had Empress Guo and other concubines, and Liu E had no name. After entering the palace, Liu E did not compete with the empresses and concubines of Zhenzong's harem. Among the harem concubines, the Yang clan (that is, the future Yang Shufei) was extremely favored, and when Zhenzong went out on tour, the Yang clan was not far away from the left and right, and the depth of favor was almost on par with Liu E. For the pet concubine Yang Shi, throughout Liu E's life, she was the same sister with her love, never gaps, and together in the harem.
In the first year of The Reign of Emperor Zhenzong of Song (1004), Liu E was given the title of Sipin Beauty. After that, Liu E was successively promoted to Xiu Yi and De Concubine. Liu E was an orphan girl, with no parents and no other family, So Liu E recognized Gong Mei as a brother, and Gong Mei also changed her surname to Liu. Liu E is not only gentle and beautiful, but also agile, familiar with book history, and also has considerable knowledge of state affairs. Zhao Heng reviewed the documents, and Liu E often accompanied him. Whenever there is a problem, Liu E can always provide appropriate advice, which is deeply trusted by Zhao Heng. In the fourth year of Jingde (1007), Empress Guo died. After Emperor Zhenzong wanted to establish Liu E as the queen, Kou Zhun, Li Di, Xiang Minzhong, Wang Dan and other important ministers all expressed their resolute opposition on the grounds that "Liu E was born in a lowly place and could not be the mother of a country", which also laid the root for the fierce confrontation between Liu E and Kou Zhun and others in the last years of the Tianxi.
Kou Zhun Portrait
In the third year (1010) of Emperor Zhenzong of Song's reign, Li Shi, who was originally Liu E's maid, was favored by Emperor Zhenzong and gave birth to the only prince of Song Zhenzong at that time. The crown prince was still in infancy, and Liu E took this prince of Zhenzong as his son, and let Yang Shufei raise him on his behalf, which was the future Song Renzong.
Portrait of Song Renzong
In the fifth year of dazhongxiangfu (1012), Liu E was made empress. The Hanlin scholar Yang Yi saw that the chancellor could not stop Liu E, and angrily refused to draft an edict to establish the empress, and Zhenzong had to find someone else. As an empress, Liu E not only handled the affairs of the palace, which was reasonable and well-founded, but also did not have major negligence; moreover, after Emperor Zhenzong retired from the dynasty, he read the world's chapters, and until late at night, Liu E always accompanied her around and participated in the handling of state affairs. Liu E handled political affairs, "Zhou Jin was respectful", and was increasingly relied on and trusted by Song Zhenzong.
In the third year of Emperor Zhenzong of Song 's reign (1019), Taibai appeared, and after divination, he concluded: "Female Lord Chang". At this time, Emperor Zhenzong was ill, and Empress Liu E gradually controlled the government, and Song Zhenzong was uneasy in his heart, afraid that Liu E would endanger the Zhao clan, so he revealed to his confidant Zhou Huaizheng that he had the intention of letting the crown prince supervise the country. When the chancellor Kou Zhun learned of this situation, he found an opportunity to enter the palace and secretly discuss with Emperor Zhenzong about the "prince supervising the country". The matter was extremely secretive, including Empress Liu E, who was not known. After leaving the palace, Kou Zhun immediately asked Yang Yi to secretly draft an edict for "Prince Supervision of the State" overnight. Unexpectedly, the matter was still revealed, and the wavering Song Zhenzong pushed the matter all to the prime minister Kou Zhun on the grounds that he "did not remember and made a promise at the beginning". Under the pressure of Liu E, Ding Shu and others, Kou Zhun was deposed. Ding Shu replaced Kou Zhun as prime minister.
Kou Zhun
Zhou Huai of Kou Zhun's party was the main participant in the "Prince Supervision of the State" incident, and seeing that the plot failed, knowing that Liu E and Ding Shu would inevitably attack the members of the Kou Party after they controlled the government, they took the risk and planned to launch a mutiny, deposing Empress Liu E, killing the prime minister Ding Zhi, Kou Zhun Fuxiang, letting the crown prince ascend the throne, and Zhenzong abdicating as Emperor Taishang. Zhou Huaizheng's men informed Ding Yu the night before the mutiny, and Ding Yu went to see Cao Yu late at night to plan a response, and Cao used to enter the palace and inform Empress Liu E of the matter. Early the next morning, Zhou Huaizheng and his henchmen were captured, and soon Zhou Huaizheng was killed. After that, Ding Zhi and others used the case of "forging the Book of Heaven" to further attack Kou Zhun and the Kou Party forces. Zhu Neng, a confidant of Kou Zhun in the Yongxing Army, was unwilling to sit still and rebelled, and soon committed suicide after being defeated.
Tv series "Great Song Palace Words" Zhou Yumin played Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng
Liu E corrected the edict, cut the title of Duke of Kou Zhun Lai, and moved from Zhixiang Prefecture (Anyang, Henan), then to Anzhou (Anlu, Hubei), from Anzhou to Daozhou (Daoxian County, Hunan), and in a very short period of time, Kou Zhun was degraded three times in a row. Song Zhenzong was not aware of this. In the first year of Emperor Renzong of Song 's reign (1022), Emperor Zhenzong of Song died and decreed that "the empress dowager shall be honored as the empress dowager, and the power of military affairs shall be disposed of by the empress dowager.".
In the TV series "Qing Ping Le", Wu Yue played Liu E
After the death of Emperor Zhenzong, the powerful minister Ding Yu intended to take over Liu E and monopolize the government, and Liu E also sensed Ding Yu's ambitions, and the contradictions between the two gradually intensified. Wang had seen that Liu E and Ding Yu had already had a gap, so he took the opportunity to consult Liu E alone, and Chen Ding said that he was stealing authority and harboring evil intentions, and the society would be in danger. Liu E was furious and determined to get rid of Ding Yu. In June of the first year of Qianxing (1022), Liu E summoned the courtiers at the Chengming Palace and made public evidence of the chancellor Ding Zhi's deception, the two palaces, and the collusion with the eunuch Lei Yungong of the inner court. Liu E wanted to kill Ding Shu, but under the persuasion of her courtiers, she eventually deposed Ding Shu, confiscated her family property, and demoted him to Yazhou (崖州, in modern Hainan Island). After Ding Shu was demoted, Liu E and Song Renzong five days a royal chengming hall, Renzong seated left, Liu E seated right. Officially began to listen to the government of the DYNASTY.
In November of the second year (1024) of Emperor Renzong of Song's reign, Liu E, dressed in the imperial dragon robe (衮 robe), accepted the honorific title given by Emperor Renzong of Song and his courtiers: Ying Yuan Chongde Renshou Ci Holy Emperor Liu E linchao, Cao took advantage of the old meritorious servants to present himself, and his power was tilted inside and outside. Liu E was also somewhat jealous of Cao's use, and when she was in the upper dynasty, she called him "Shizhong" instead of calling him by his first name to show respect. In the seventh year of Tiansheng, someone accused Cao of using his nephew and Zhao Zhou's soldiers and horses to imprison Cao Wei and wear yellow clothes after getting drunk, making people shout long live him. Liu E took the opportunity to punish Cao Cao for taking advantage of the crime of rebellion, and remembered that he was a heavy minister, and the group of ministers interceded, so they slightly lightened Cao's use of the hair. Cao took advantage of the degradation and committed suicide.
Liu E once asked the courtiers during the Shang Dynasty: "What kind of heroine is Empress Dowager Tang Zhiwu?" The courtier replied: "The sinners of Tang almost ruined the Jiangshan Sheji of the Tang Dynasty", and Liu E was silent after hearing this... In the palace, Cheng Fang Zhong bowed and asked Liu E to "perform the story of Wu Hou"; Cheng Lin, who knew the Kaifeng Mansion and later entered the worship of the emperor, also presented the "Wu Hou Linchao Map", all of which implied that Liu E was called emperor. Liu E asked the courtiers what they thought, and all the courtiers did not dare to say anything, but the upright Lu Zongdao said: If you do this, where will you put the current emperor? Liu E finally tore up the song that encouraged her to claim the title of emperor, threw it on the ground, and said, "I don't do this kind of thing that is sorry for the ancestors of the Great Song Dynasty!" ”
In November of the first year of the Ming Dynasty (1032), Liu E decided that in February of the following year, she herself would wear the imperial clothes and go to the Taimiao Temple of the Great Song Dynasty to perform a sacrifice ceremony. When the courtiers heard about it, there was much opposition. Shangshu and Xue Kui, the attendant of the ceremonial department, said: The empress dowager is dressed in imperial costumes, and when she performs ceremonies at the Taimiao Temple, she performs the ceremony of a male emperor or a female concubine? Liu E was unable to answer for a moment. In February of the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1033), despite fierce opposition from her ministers, Liu E once again dressed as an emperor and sacrificed Song Taizu and other Song Dynasty emperors at the Song Dynasty Taimiao Temple. As a compromise on the courtiers and scholars, the twelve chapters of the imperial costume were subtracted from the two chapters of Zong Yi and Zao, which symbolized loyalty and filial piety and cleanliness, and the sword of the male emperor was not worn. The Northern Song Dynasty's famous Minister Fu Bi Shangshu Song Renzong recalled this past: "On that day, Empress Zhang Xianmingsu (i.e., Liu E) came to the dynasty, and His Majesty (i.e., Song Renzong) was subject to people, and the imperial power was weak. In the end, Empress Zhang Xianmingsu did not plot to usurp the throne like Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty, thanks to the rescue of loyal subjects, so that Empress Zhang Xianmingsu had to restrain her desires. His Majesty was able to preserve the throne, and it was the work of these loyal servants. ”
The TV series "The General is on the Top" tian yu plays Liu E
In March of the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1033), Liu E fell ill and ordered a general amnesty for the world, restoring Liu E's political enemies who had been degraded since the first year of Qianxing, that is, Liu E's advent to the dynasty, including Kou Zhun and Cao Yong, and moving Ding Zhi from the deposed far away. In March of the second year of the Ming Dynasty, Liu E died. Song Renzong summoned his courtiers at the Imperial Palace and cried, "What does it mean that the empress dowager was involved in her clothes several times before she died?" Xue Kui, the governor of the government, said: "The empress dowager does not want the emperor to see her wearing the clothes of the Son of Heaven on the ground. Emperor Renzong woke up and ordered Liu E to change into her back clothes and then be buried.
After Liu E's death, the most prestigious member of the Zhao royal family, who had been pretending to be crazy for more than ten years, called the Eighth Prince Zhao Yuanyu (one of the prototypes of the "Eight Sages King" in later works of art) said to Emperor Renzong: "Liu Hou is not His Majesty's birth mother, His Majesty's birth mother is Li Chenfei." Princess Li's death is unclear, and she is afraid that she will be killed by someone. Imperial Concubine Yang also informed Emperor Renzong: "Your Majesty's true mother is indeed Concubine Li Chen, who is no longer alive." Only then did Song Renzong understand that liu was not his own birth mother, and his birth mother, Concubine Li, could not recognize her until her death. The successive blows left Emperor Renzong devastated, unable to ascend to the throne for several days, and issued an edict to blame himself. Emperor Renzong of Song sent troops to surround the residence of Liu's relatives and sent people to the Hongfu Temple where Li Fei's coffin was located, only to find that Li Chenfei was buried by Hou Li and was under the care of mercury, and her face was alive. After hearing the news, Renzong sighed: "How can you believe the words of people?" Subsequently, Emperor Renzong burned incense in front of Liu E's coffin and wept, saying, "From now on, the eldest lady will be innocent in her life!" (Emperor Renzong called Liu E the Grand Niangniang and Yang Shufei the Little Niangniang)"
The Eight Sages
In October of the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1033), Emperor Renzong of Song led his courtiers to bury Liu E and bury him at the Tomb of Emperor Zhenzong of Song, with the posthumous title of Empress Zhangxian Mingsu. In the old system, the empress's title was originally two characters, starting from Liu E, the empress of the pro-dynasty system was four characters. After Liu E's death, Song Renzong's life was revealed to the world. "Emperor Renzong's recognition of his mother" thus became a major event that caused a sensation in the government and the public. Emperor Renzong of Song had to decree that neither the imperial court nor the people should talk about the past events of the empress dowager (i.e., Liu E) during her reign.
For political initiatives
The Book of Heaven ends
In the first year of the reign of Emperor Dazhongxiang (1008), Emperor Zhenzong of Song personally launched the "Heavenly Book Movement", which was called "the emperor of a country is like a sick maniac" in the History of Song. The "Tianshu Movement", which lasted for more than ten years, plunged the Song Dynasty's government into chaos, and human and financial resources were greatly damaged. In the first year of Qianxing (1022), Liu E, the regent of the dynasty, ordered that the "Book of Heaven" be buried with Emperor Zhenzong of Song in the Yongding Mausoleum, stopping the construction of the Temple of Heavenly Palace, and completely ending the "Heavenly Book Movement" that had disturbed the Great Song Dynasty for many years.
Avoid partisanship
In the last years of the Zhenzong Dynasty, the Song court was fiercely contested. Liu E herself was also involved in the party struggle, and she deeply understood the use of in-laws and friends among courtiers to form parties for personal gain, to exclude dissidents, and to vigorously engage in party struggle. After the imperial government was about to take over, he said to the minister one day with tears in his eyes: How difficult the country is, if it were not for the concerted assistance of all the important ministers, how could we have today's scene. Now the emperor's relatives and relatives have received favors, but the relatives of the important ministers have not received the favor of the imperial court. The secretary of state can submit the name of the relative, and the meaning of the exception is all the grace. The courtiers presented the names of their relatives and cronies one by one, and Liu E had them painted and pasted on the walls of the dormitory, and every time they played a promotion and reward, they were better than this picture, so as to prevent the individual partisan groups in the DPRK from being too powerful.
Issued to the child
In the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1023), Liu Exia aimed to set up the "Yizhou Jiaozi Affair" in Chengdu, with the Jing Dynasty official as the supervisor, presiding over the issuance of the Jiaozi, and "copying the paper court to reform the disadvantages of forgery" and strictly enforce its printing process. The first Jiaozi issued 1256340 guan, with a reserve capital of 360,000 guan (with Sichuan's iron money as the banknote). The Song dynasty officially issued the world's first paper money, Jiaozi, also known as "Guanjiaozi", more than 600 years before the Western paper money issued by the European Swedish Bank in 1661.
Character evaluation
From an orphan daughter who sold art to an empress who pioneered the heroine of the Great Song Dynasty, Liu E was a legendary figure among the concubines of Chinese dynasties. At the same time, Liu E is also a generation of heroines who have quite a lot of achievements. She ended the "Book of Heaven" movement, ended the party struggle, issued jiaozi, built water conservancy, founded a court, and established a state school, laying a solid foundation for the "Reign of Renzong Shengzhi" after Emperor Renzong's pro-government.
Liu E abused her power, refused to return to The Song Renzong until her death, and often wore imperial costumes, and the Song court's courtiers were worried about her "story of the aftermath of the martial arts", that is, imitating wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty as emperor. In the face of the resistance of the group of ministers, Liu E suppressed her desire and finally did not take this step. Therefore, after Liu E's death, the evaluation of Liu E by Song emperors including Song Renzong, Sima Guang, Fan Zhongyan, and other Song court officials was positive.
Liu E took the son of a man as her own son, And Li Chenfei did not dare to speak up, and the upper and lower levels of the court were also intimidated by Liu E's power, and there was no one who dared to speak, so that Li Chenfei and Zhao Zhen's mother and son could not recognize each other until death, and they were indebted to people. After Liu E's death, the mystery of Song Renzong's birth mother was revealed to the world, which became a major strange case of the Song court. Since the Yuan Dynasty, the story of Liu E and Li Chenfei has been gradually adapted into a well-known legendary story by folk dramas and novels - "Tanuki Cat for Prince", which has been continuously interpreted for hundreds of years and has endured for a long time.
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