1. Constantine I defeated Maxentius at the Battle of the Murvi Bridge
On this day, 1709, on 28 October 312 (12 September 312 in the lunar calendar), Constantine I defeated Maxentius at the Battle of Murvie Bridge.
After the death of Diocletian's successor, Augustus Galerius of the East, four Augustus: Licinius, Maxentius, Maximian Daza, and Constantine fought for power in 311. Constantine joined forces with Licinius against Maxentius. He crossed the Alps and occupied Italy, defeating Maxentius in a decisive battle on 28 October 312 near the Milvian Bridge on the Tiber River. Maxentius fell into the water and died while fleeing. In 313, Constantine and Licinius met in Mediolan (present-day Milan). Licinius married Constantine's half-sister Constantia to cement their alliance. Both Augustus simultaneously signed the Edict of Milan, granting Christianity legitimacy within the empire. In the history of the church, this is a top priority.
2. Shi Nai'an, the author of "Water Margin", died
On this day, 649 years ago, on October 28, 1372 (October 2, 1372 in the lunar calendar), Shi Nai'an, the author of the Water Margin, died.
Shi Nai'an (April 4, 1296 – October 28, 1372), whose real name was Yanduan, was originally from Hailing County, Taizhou or Wu County, Suzhou (present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu), a native of Qiantang (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang), and is generally considered a novelist of the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, and the author of one of the four famous Works of China, Water Margin. Regarding his life, there are many opinions on his life due to the lack of historical data, and there is even controversy about whether there is such a person. Luo Guanzhong, the author of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", is his protégé.
3. The Statue of Liberty, given to the United States by France, was unveiled
On this day, 135 years ago, on October 28, 1886 (October 2, 1886 in the lunar calendar), the Statue of Liberty, which france gave to the United States, was unveiled.
On Bedrow Island at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York City, USA, stands a tall bronze statue facing the Atlantic Ocean. It is the famous "Statue of Liberty". The shape of this bronze statue was built according to the beautiful image of the goddess in Greek mythology. The goddess wears a forehead hoop on her head, holds a torch high in her right hand, and holds the Declaration of Independence in her left hand with a dignified and kind face. The statue is 46.5 meters high, and together with its pedestal it is 93 meters high. The statue was cast in part from a 2.4 cm thick copper plate. At the base of the pedestal is a museum where visitors can enter the bronze statue to the top of the goddess's head, which can accommodate more than 30 people and can overlook the panoramic view of New York through the glass windows.
4. The Italian army began to invade Greece
On this day, 81 years ago, on October 28, 1940 (September 28, 1940 in the lunar calendar), the Italian army began to invade Greece.
October 28, 1940. The Italian army suddenly launched a full-scale offensive against Greece. In Italy's ultimatum to Greece, the Italian side threatened to have a deadline in the early morning, which would require Greece to relinquish part of its territory or submit to the Italian invasion. Greek Prime Minister Mytaxas said he saw the ultimatum as Italy's declaration of war against Greece, and he went on to call on the Greek people to "fight for the motherland, for their wives and children, for their sacred traditions."
5. Zhao Shuli published "Little Two Black Marriage"
On this day, 76 years ago, on October 28, 1945 (September 23, 1945 in the lunar calendar), Zhao Shuli published "Little Erhei Married".
Zhao Shuli (right) with Chen Huangmei, head of the Literature Department of Lu Xun Art College
On October 28, 1945, the inaugural issue of New Culture published Zhao Shuli's novel "Little Two Black Marriages".
The novel depicts a young farmer Erhei and a young woman from the same village, Xiaoqin, who are freely in love, but are opposed by the parents of both sides. Erhei's father, Er Zhuge believed in superstition, saying that they were "Huo Ke Jin" and that they could not marry each other if their fate was wrong, and they took in a seven- or eight-year-old fleeing girl to make a child bride for their son. Xiao Qinniang Sanxian Gu coveted money and wanted to marry her daughter to a reactionary retired officer with a dead wife, and one night, Xiao Qin and Er Hei discussed going to the district to register the next day in a cave, and the bully Jin Wang brothers who had mixed into the political organs suddenly rushed in to "catch the adulteress." After they tied up Xiaoqin and Erhei, they twisted them to the district office, and the district chief, who had a long understanding of the matter, took the Jinwang brothers into custody and handled the marriage procedures for Xiaoqin and Erhei, and also criticized and educated their parents. The language of the novel is simple and easy, the characters are realistic and expressive, and they are rich in local atmosphere.
6. Bill Gates was born
On this day, 66 years ago, on October 28, 1955 (September 13, 1955 in the lunar calendar), Bill Gates was born.
Bill Gates, the founder and current president of Microsoft, is currently one of the richest people in the world, with assets of more than 100 billion, and is praised by Americans as "the man sitting on the top of the world." Bill Gates studied at Harvard University in the United States in the 1970s, but two years later, he left the prestigious campus without completing his studies, for two reasons: one is bored with school, and the other is that he has a keen insight into the vast prospects of the personal computer in the future. So, in 1975, he co-founded Microsoft with Paul Allen, an alumnus of the high school, for a modest $1,000. Bill Gates was only 20 years old.
7. The precious gemstone Indian Star was stolen
On this day, 57 years ago, on October 28, 1964 (September 23, 1964 in the lunar calendar), the precious gemstone Star of India was stolen.
On October 28, 1964, the precious gemstone Star of India was stolen.
One of the most famous in-the-world gemstones, the Star of India, weighing 563.35 carats and measuring 6.35 centimeters in diameter, was stolen from the 4th floor of the American Museum of Natural History. This is really a thief's guts. The alarm system of the past and the thorough guarding of the Jewel Hall were abandoned a few years ago due to savings, and the gems were not insured due to the high insurance costs.
8. The Italian terrorist organization "Red Brigades" were established
51 years ago today, on October 28, 1970 (September 29, 1970 in the lunar calendar), the Italian terrorist organization "Red Brigades" was founded.
On October 28, 1970, the Italian terrorist organization "Red Brigades" was founded.
After the war, Italy's economy recovered and developed rapidly, but it also encountered many difficulties and a large number of unemployed people. Many people have been threatened and attacked economically, and these people feel abandoned by this society. Those who are dissatisfied with the real society have formed "leftist" organizations and embarked on the road of engaging in terrorist activities, and the "Red Brigade" is a typical example. The Italian mafia has long existed, and its terrorist activities have affected some people.
9. The Civil War in El Salvador broke out
On this day, 42 years ago, on October 28, 1979 (September 8, 1979 in the lunar calendar), the Salvadoran Civil War broke out.
On October 28, 1979, the Salvadoran Civil War broke out.
Known as the "land of volcanoes", El Salvador is located in Central America and covers an area of more than 20,000 square kilometers. This poor country, the smallest and most densely populated country, has become one of the world's most eye-catching "hot spots" due to the long period of war.
10. The mt. Ontake volcano in Japan suddenly erupts
On this day, 42 years ago, on October 28, 1979 (September 8, 1979 in the lunar calendar), mount Ogaku volcano in Japan suddenly erupted.
On October 28, 1979, mount Misaksan volcano, which had been dormant for 20,000 to 30,000 years, suddenly erupted.
Mt. Misaksaku is located at the junction of Nagano Prefecture and Kifu Prefecture on the island of Honshu, Japan, at an altitude of 3,063 meters.
In the early morning of the 28th, the summit of Mount Misaki suddenly made a huge roar, and then spewed out smoke and flying stones. The smoke rushed to an altitude of 2,000 meters, and the flying stone was up to 1 meter in diameter. More than 10 craters have formed at the summit, and the main crater is about 30 meters in diameter. Volcanic ash fell throughout Nagano Prefecture (more than 13,000 square kilometers). Volcano erupts every few minutes.
11. Rabe's diary was published
On this day, 25 years ago, on October 28, 1996 (September 17, 1996 in the lunar calendar), Rabe's diary was published.
In October 1996, Rabe's granddaughter showed Rabe's diary fever in New York In October 1996, Rabe's diary was published.
At that time, the head of the German Siemens subsidiary in China, Rabe, when the Japanese army occupied Nanjing, jointly organized an international safety zone with foreign citizens stranded in Nanjing, accepted Chinese refugees, carried out protection work within his ability, and served as the chairman of the safe zone. After the war, he was awarded the Order of the Jade Harvest by the Nationalist government. During his time in Nanjing, he wrote 8 diaries detailing the Japanese army's Nanjing Massacre. The dusty historical materials are now published by Rabe's granddaughter, which has caused great repercussions around the world and strongly refuted Japan's cover-ups in recent years.