A place suitable for the development of paddy fields
The geographical coordinates of Panjin are located between longitude 121°25′ and 122°31′ east longitude and latitude 40°39′ and 41°27′ north latitude; in the southwest of Liaoning Province, at the mouth of the Liaohe River, it is the center of the Liaohe River Delta. It is the alluvial plain of Liaodong Bay. The total land area is 4102.9 square kilometers.
Paddy fields from the Republic of China period
There are 21 large, medium, and small natural rivers including the Liaohe River, the Daliao River, the Huoyang River and the Daling River, with a total basin area of 3570 square kilometers; the average altitude of the ground is about 4 meters (the highest is 18.2 meters, the lowest is 0.3 meters); the Panjin soil is divided into five categories, such as paddy soil, aeolian soil, meadow soil, saline soil, and swamp soil, of which the total area of paddy soil is 1.4057 million mu, accounting for 37.2% of the total soil area.
Panjin ground is flat, watery and mountainless, the four seasons are distinct, rain and heat are in the same season, the temperature is suitable, and the sunshine is abundant, which provides convenient conditions for crop growth and breeding. It is suitable for the development of agricultural reclamation. The representative brand of Panjin Nongken is Panjin Rice. Because Panjin rice is famous in China for its "pearl-like jade, crystal full, complete grain shape, high gum consistency, low gelatinization, moist color, rich fragrance, smooth tendons, and excellent taste", Panjin rice is famous in China, and is known as "the crown of northeast rice" and "the pride of fine rice".
North Korean immigrants working in the paddy fields of the local territory
So, what kind of rice cultivation process does Panjin have? The history of Panjin rice cultivation has exceeded 100 years. As early as 1910, the "Panshan Hall Chronicle" "Property" section clearly recorded: the local "rice", divided into "water and drought two kinds, commonly known as japonica". Specifically, it can be divided into several stages: in 1894, due to the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War and the peasant uprising of the Dongxue Party in Korea, a large number of peasants in Korea were forced to flee to the northeast, some of whom came to the local area and cultivated rice in some unowned low-lying plots to be reclaimed; in 1920, natural disasters occurred in northern Korea, and some Korean refugees came to the local area, generally planting rice for a living. The scale development of paddy fields began in 1921. In this year, Yu Zhen, a general of the Northeast Army, initiated the establishment of a rice field company in Tianzhuangtai, and the Tong family shack also set up a company to open up more than 70,000 mu of rice fields (according to the 1930 edition of the "Yingkou County Chronicle"). In 1922, Lu Jiyang (now part of Habatai Village, Ping'an Township, Dawa District) hired Koreans to plant rice in the local area using the high and low tides of the Daliao River to irrigate them. In 1924, Ma Xishan and others reported to the Qingzhang Bureau of Fengtian Province to reclaim nearly 70,000 mu of wasteland and retreating sea wasteland along the Ping'an River, Weijiagou and Tianzhuangtai Town, which are now Dawa Rongxing, and to form a "Wuhe Company".
He let the Liao River rice flowers fragrant on both sides
But the real influence of the territory began in 1928 for the large-scale development and cultivation of paddy fields. This year, in order to revitalize the northeast and return to his hometown, General Zhang Xueliang decided to develop agricultural reclamation, and jointly founded the "Yingtian Co., Ltd." with Bao Yinglin, head of the Fengjun garrison of the Yingkou Coastal Defense Force, and Shen Honglie, deputy commander of the Northeast Navy. Paddy fields were planted in the area of present-day Dawa to the south of Rongxing Youyanggou Village, north to Xiaoyantan, east to Weijiagou, and west to the Ping'an River, including the received "Wuhe Company" land. The company has a board of directors, and there is a chairman who is concurrently held by Zhang Xueliang. The two permanent directors are Bao Yinglin and Shen Honglie. There are more than 20 directors. There will also be 1 person each as the head and deputy general manager. Yingtian Company began to be established as early as 1925, when Chen Wenwen, the governor of Yingkou County, submitted the preparation to the Fengtian Provincial Governor's Office. In 1926, the new governor Jin Zaohua again submitted a supplementary report to the provincial office on the company's articles of association of Yingtian, and finally approved the registration and establishment with the approval of Zhang Zuolin, who held the military and political power in the northeast.
Zhang Xueliang, founder of Yingtian Company (1901-2001)
The origin of the company name is twofold, one is to take the first two place names of "Yingkou" and "Tianzhuangtai", because Tianzhuangtai is the location of the company's office (headquarters), which was subordinate to Yingkou County at that time, and was only assigned to Panshan County in 1937 (Dawa County was established as a county in 1975, and its regional history has long been under the jurisdiction of Panshan County). Second, the word "Yingtian" is also an ancient name for the operation of agriculture, and "tian" is also consistent with paddy fields. It can be seen that this certain name is scientific and reasonable, which not only explains the location of the company, but also shows that the company's main business is planting paddy fields.
With the aim of "developing desiltation, improving soil quality, and promoting industry", Yingtian Company has a business period of "twelve years from the date of reclamation, and at the end of the period, it shall be extended by the decision of the shareholders' meeting, but the trial period shall not be limited to this period (the trial period shall be up to one year)". The company planted a total of 76,600 mu of paddy fields, "the reclamation fee per mu is three yuan for Xiaoyang", and the rated capital is also 229,800 yuan for Feng Xiaoyang. The company has set up 3 patrol police branches in Rongxing Village, Zengjia Village and Central Fort, with 9 Tunbao under it, and set up 100 parents in each natural tun to develop and plant rice in the operation and management mode of "money and grain field mu system".
Yingtian's articles of association and Zhang Zuolin's approval documents
However, at that time, there were problems such as short frost-free period, low water temperature, large temperature difference between day and night, large salinity of the land, and poor water conservancy facilities, which were not conducive to rice growth. In order to solve the difficulties, Yingtian Company hired more than a dozen rice experts and technicians, purchased a batch of rice research equipment, and established a relatively complete rice science research laboratory. It also hired North Korean peasants and workers to cultivate, ploughed the land with "fire ploughs" (tractors), used diesel engines to divert the water of the Daliao River for irrigation, and took measures such as draining salt and washing alkali, selecting good seeds, cultivating rarely, and creating a standardized network of canals in the fields. The focus is on the discharge of salt and alkali, due to the high degree of salinization of Panjin land, so the work of salt discharge and alkali washing in rice fields must be done well. First of all, the land around the soil with mud, about 30-50 cm high, to not leak prevailing, and dig a drainage channel around the field, in principle, drainage and inlet water should be separated, and the discharged water is far from the inlet water source, to avoid affecting the water quality of the inlet water source. After the work is completed, the plot is stored, soaked, soaked for about two days, discharged and then stored, so that after three times the plot is dried, to see if there is still a large amount of salt crystallization, if there is no next step, if there is continued soaking. Through these efforts, Yingtian Company finally transformed the saline-alkali land into 76,600 mu of rice fields. It became the largest paddy field farm in China at that time and the most advanced production technology, creating a precedent for modern agriculture outside Guanwai. This silent land is finally full of life.
From 1928 to 1931, Yingtian Company produced about 17,000-20,000 tons of rice (about 100 kilograms per mu). This not only ensures the rations of farmers, but also enables shuaifu people to eat rice from their hometown every day, especially it has become a rare delicacy for entertaining guests and local people during the New Year's Festival, and has also become the source of the "Panjin Rice" brand that is now well-known throughout the country.
The Japanese seized the yingtian land by force
However, after the September 18 Incident, the Japanese Kou stepped up their colonial rule and economic plunder of the northeast. And the land of the Yingtian Company is regarded as delicious fat. In February 1932, the Japanese seized all the facilities of the Northeast Army and confiscated all the land and means of production of the "Yingtian Company".
After the Japanese seized the land of the Yingtian Company, the Yingkou Safe Rural Headquarters was built in Rong
The Japanese Kou and the Governor's Office of the DPRK also sent a survey team to observe, investigate, and study the height, soil quality, and agricultural economy of Rongxing and other places, and further verified that it was suitable for rice cultivation here. Therefore, in March 1933, in the center of present-day Rongxing, a temporary house was built (then commonly known as "Rongxing Gate"). Formed the Korean immigrant tribe , the " Yingkou Safe Countryside " ( also known as " Yingkou Countryside " , " Rongxing Countryside " ) . North Korean refugees and North Koreans from Sangbuk-do and Anbuk-do province have successively come here to settle down and settle down. There are 27 tribes here, a total of 1,866 households, 10,774 people, the total area of arable land is 62,000 mu, and the actual cultivated land area is 55,000 mu. These cultivated lands are based on the land of the former Yingtian Company. The rice grown here is not only well harvested, but also has a strong fragrance and excellent taste, so most of it is supplied to the Japanese Kwantung Army and Japan, and it has also become the "tribute rice" of the Puppet Manchurian Imperial Palace. Because rice is grown well, it has also become a model for Japanese colonization in China, and Kenkichi Ueda, commander of the Japanese Kwantung Army and special envoy of the Japanese government in "Manchukuo", Hideki Tojo, chief of staff of the Japanese Kwantung Army, and Yosuke Matsuoka, president of Mantetsu, have all visited this place. Puppet Manchuria and Japanese domestic newspapers have reported here many times.
Hideki Tojo inspected the safe countryside of Yingkou, which was built by forcibly occupying the land of The Yingtian Company
The Dream of the Kuomintang Army's Reclamation was short-lived
After the restoration of August 15, 1945, the newly established Panshan County Democratic Government of our Party took over the property, land, and water conservancy facilities of the Japanese puppet regime and the Japanese Pioneer Group, as well as some of the property and land of the Korean Pioneer Village. However, the Nationalists, in a bid for the fruits of victory, occupied Panshan on December 13.
The Panshan Farm Office established by the Kuomintang in Panshan County
In order to control the paddy resources in the territory, the Kuomintang government established the "Panshan Cooperative Farm" on September 22, 1946 in the Northeast Traveling Economic Committee of Shenyang, with Qi Shiying, a Kuomintang politician, as the chairman of the farm council, and officially opened its office on October 1, 1946. The field was located in Dawa Village, Panshan County (the seat of the present-day Dawa District Government). However, the Kuomintang organization was loose, and just as they were carrying out the restoration of water conservancy projects, in February 1947, the farm was ordered to be handed over to the Northeast Tun Reclamation Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense to take over, and the nature became a military reclamation farm. Their aim was to turn it into a military, political, economic, scientific, technological, agricultural, and life complex, to place demobilized officers, and to become a testing ground for the whole country, so as to whitewash the peace. The farm has 7 offices, including Rongxing, Erdaoqiaozi, Yushu, Ping'an, Dawa, Panshan and Renjia. Among them, it is recognized that the paddy field of Rongxingyuan Yingtian Company is the best plot of land and also their demonstration point.
But the Kuomintang's dream of reclamation was short-lived. In the winter of 1947, when the demobilized Kuomintang officers who had been reclaimed here heard that their troops had been defeated by the People's Liberation Army, they hurriedly transported the harvested rice and ran to Shenyang, Jinzhou, or Huiguanli. Di Zhen, the field director, and Liu Shilin, the deputy director of the field, fled with most of the farm personnel to Yingkou to transfer. In January 1948, our party and our army took over the Panshan Farm, which had undergone several changes by yingtian company, and established a paddy field management committee. At the same time, the Northeast Military Region sent Yang Kun and more than 10 other people to Tianzhuangtai to prepare for the construction of a Panshan farm. The farm department was located in Tianzhuangtai, where the headquarters of the former Yingtian Company was located, and on February 1, 2017, Panshan County was liberated.
Yingtian became the shining business card of Panjin
After the founding of New China, the state attached great importance to the construction of agricultural reclamation in Panjin, and successively came a large number of rongchuan soldiers who brought their families and dependents, went to the countryside to learn the youth, and the "May Seventh" army, and worked hard together with the peasants and peasants in Panjin, and finally the rice planting industry here has developed rapidly. Over the past hundred years, people have poured their efforts on this saline wasteland for generations, and finally have today's high-quality Panjin rice, which became popular in China in the 1990s. At the 2004 China-EUROPE Seminar on the Protection of Geographical Indications, Panjin rice also became a "hot" topic like well-known geographical indication products such as Colombian coffee, Mexican tequila and Wuliangye in China, and was well-known at home and abroad; in 2007, Panjin rice won the double laurels of "China Famous Brand" and "China Well-known Trademark"; in 2008, Panjin Rice was on the Olympic table again. In 2020, Panjin rice was selected as one of the first list of protections for geographical indications in Europe. In 2004, Mr. Li Zhengda, who was greatly influenced by his grandfather who had worked as a mechanic in Yingtian Company, founded Panjinli Rice Company and served as the chairman of the board, at this time he also began to start the restoration of Yingtian Company and the operation of "Yingtian" brand rice products, ready to pass on the spirit and planting skills of Yingtian Company; in 2004, he led the formation of Panjin Rice Group, and vigorously promoted the "Yingtian" brand as the group's main brand, so that the Yingtian brand quickly gained market recognition. Products cover the national market. Entered Walmart, Carrefour, METRO, Tesco, RT-Mart, Hualian and other multinational and regional large-scale supermarket chains and shopping malls; in 2004, Li Zhengda also submitted the "Yingtian" trademark registration application documents to the State Trademark Administration, and the trademark was approved in 2007. In 2008, Panjinli was funded by Rice industry to set up Panjin Yingtian Rice Industry Co., Ltd., and in 2018, "Yingtian Rice Industry" was awarded "Liaoning Time-honored Brand" by the Provincial Department of Commerce. The People of Panjin have not forgotten the strong affection that General Zhang Xueliang had sown to this hot land. Published in 2014, "Liaoning Regional Culture Overview Panjin Scroll" (Liaoning People's Publishing House) tells the history of Yingtian Company's pioneering rice cultivation; the Rongxing Museum, which officially opened in May 2019, set up the "Yingtian Company" exhibition area; on March 15, 2020, on the occasion of the 92nd anniversary of the establishment of "Yingtian Company", Mr. Li Zhengda, chairman of Panjin Yingtian Rice Industry Co., Ltd. and holder of the century-old trademark "Yingtian", flew to Hawaii, usa as the representative of Panjin. Worship at the tomb of Zhang Xueliang in the Shrine Valley in Honolulu City. The purpose of this trip is to commemorate the founder of the company on the eve of the Qingming Dynasty and continue to inherit the business of Panjin rice. The history of the development of Yingtian Company founded by Zhang Xueliang is forever inscribed on the Monument of Panjin Agricultural Reclamation. Because the former Yingtian Company is the source of the development of 1.6 million mu of paddy fields in Panjin today
Panjin released