In ancient times, Taiwan was connected to the mainland, and about millions of years ago, due to the movement of the earth's crust, the land sank, and the sea entered, forming the Taiwan Strait, and the island of Taiwan was separated from the mainland.
The earliest historical documents in Taiwan can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms period in 230 AD, when Sun Quan, the king of Wu, sent the generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to lead a fleet of more than 10,000 soldiers and more than 30 ships to Yizhou (present-day Taiwan), which was the beginning of the development of Taiwan by the Chinese mainland residents using advanced cultural knowledge.
By the Sui Dynasty, exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan became more and more frequent. The Sui Emperor sent Zhu Kuan, Chen Ling, and others to Taiwan (then known as Ryukyu) on three occasions. By the end of the Tang Dynasty, there were Mainland Han Chinese settling in the Penghu Islands.
During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the Han chinese population in the mainland already accounted for a large proportion in Penghu, and began to develop in the direction of Taiwan, bringing advanced production technology to Taiwan.
In order to strengthen the rule of Taiwan, the Ancestors of the Yuan Dynasty set up the Penghu Inspection Department in Penghu, which was subordinate to Tong'an County, Quanzhou Road, Fujian (present-day Xiamen, Fujian), which was the first centralized allocation of official offices in Taiwan.
The strongest influence on Taiwan was in the Ming Dynasty, when Zheng He stayed on the island for a while during the Yongle period. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng Zhilong, in order to resist the oppression of the government, led the residents of Fujian and Guangdong to move to Taiwan, engaged in farming and trade, and organized armed forces to resist the Wukou and the Dutch.
Zheng Zhilong has a son, zheng chenggong, the national hero of the Chinese nation. In April 1661, Zheng Chenggong left part of his troops to guard Xiamen and Kinmen, and led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships in the name of the Great General Guo Ye of Daming to march from Kinmen Zhiluo Bay to Taiwan via Penghu.
On 30 April, Zheng landed at Luermen (present-day Tainan) and, with the active support of the people, engaged in several fierce battles with the Dutch army, and finally besieged the Dutch East India Company's Taiwanese commander Yi yi and the remnants of the enemy in the city of Zeelandia. Zheng Chenggong solemnly pointed out in his "Letter of Surrender" to ZhiYi: "However, those in Taiwan have long been operated by Chinese, and the land in China has also ,...... Now that the rest has come, the earth will be returned to me." Nine months after the siege, the taiwanese governor Yuichi had to sign a surrender on February 1, 1662. At this point Chinese people recovered the treasure island of Taiwan, which had been occupied by dutch colonists.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was in a state of military confrontation with the Qing government, and gradually evolved into a local separatist regime. On July 8, 1683, the Qing government sent Shi Lang, the admiral of the Fujian Marine Division, to lead more than 20,000 land and water officers and men and more than 200 warships from Tongshan (now part of Zhangzhou, Fujian) to Penghu and Taiwan. The Qing army launched an attack on the Penghu defenders, and the Zheng army collapsed. Zheng Ketuan led the crowd to the ShunQing government. At this point, Taiwan was under the direct rule of the Qing government.