People familiar with the history of the Southern Ming Dynasty know that the Southern Ming Yongli regime can last for 18 years, that is because with the assistance of the remnants of the original Zhang Xianzhong, Sun Kewang, Li Dingguo, Liu Wenxiu and others led nearly 100,000 elite Great Western troops to "defect" to the Ming Dynasty, in fact, completely took over the entire Southern Ming Imperial Court, Ming Zhaozong Yongli Emperor Zhu Youluo at this time has actually completely become a banner of resistance to the Qing, after 1652, the regular military strength of the Ming Dynasty has actually been transformed into the Great Western Army as the core. The other factions of the rebel army, as well as the military groups supplemented by the warlords of the Southern Ming Dynasty, can be said to have been able to hold out for nearly 20 years precisely because of the addition of the original rebel army.
(In fact, this is wanli, the Yongli Emperor can not have a portrait handed down, but it is said that the Yongli Emperor and his grandfather look more similar, so I will take his grandfather's portrait to replace it)
Whether it is Li Zicheng or Zhang Xianzhong, who has been in Guannei for more than ten years, the Ming Dynasty officials and relatives of the Emperor and the state that have been killed are probably no less than hundreds, it can be said that the enemy between the Ming court and the rebel army is not inferior to the enmity between the Qing army, but such an army finally succeeded in taking over the small imperial court of the Southern Ming Dynasty, which was still surviving, what is going on?
In fact, the reason is very simple, after the Qing army entered the customs, the contradiction between the bureaucratic warlord group with the Manchurian aristocracy as the core and the people of the Central Plains had long replaced the contradiction between the rulers and the people of the Ming Dynasty, so the various rebel armies would re-gather under the banner of the Ming Dynasty.
Let's take the He Tengjiao clique as an example, He Tengjiao, Zi Yuncong, a native of Liping, Guizhou, during the Chongzhen years successively served as Nanyang Zhi County, Daxingzhi County, Zuo Du Yushi Inspector Huguang, Hongguang years to add troops to the Right Shilang, soon as the Governor of Yu, Chu, Sichuan, Qian, moved to the deputy capital Yushi, Hongguang in April of the second year, Zuo Liangyu rebelled, He Tengjiao was coerced by the rebels, but soon jumped to escape, he fled to Changsha, called on all parts of Huguang to kill Zuo Liangyu's soldiers, threw the body into the Xiang River, and soon summoned more than 2,000 people from the Yellow Dynasty Xuanbu. Take it as the chief soldier. In addition, Zuo Menggeng's old subordinates Lu Ding, Ma Jinzhong (who had once surrendered to the Qing Dynasty), Wang Yuncheng and others refused to surrender to the Qing Dynasty with the main generals, pulled up their troops and fled south, at this time fleeing to Yuezhou, also obeying He Tengjiao's orders.
By 1648, in the third year of the Ming Dynasty, He Tengjiao had successively possessed the generals Huang Zhaoxuan (killed by the Qing army after surrendering in early 1648), Lu Ding, Ma Jinzhong, Wang Yuncheng, Wang Jincai (a general who broke away from the Dashun army), Hao Yongzhong (a general who broke away from the Dashun army), Cao Zhijian, Man Dazhuang, Zhang Xianbi, Hu Yuelong, Xiang Dengfeng and other generals, as well as the Loyal Battalion (the remnants of the Dashun army) who surrendered later, and their troops were extremely strong, of which there were more than 30,000 troops directly under He Tengjiao himself.
However, the composition of He Tengjiao's clique was too chaotic, and the more than 30,000 people directly under He Tengjiao were themselves a ragtag crowd that he had recruited from everywhere, with loose combat effectiveness and no discipline to speak of, and the original ming dynasty local armies such as Cao, Zhang, and Huang were also loose and collapsed, such as Huang Zhaoxuan killing civilians in the places where he occupied, and when the Dashun army, which was already a "bird of fright", entered Hunan, He Tengjiao ordered the Huang Dynasty Xuanbu and the inspector To attack Tuesday South, and as a result, this rabble-rouser collapsed at once, and Tuesday Nan was hacked to death. In early 1648, Changsha fell, and the Huang Dynasty Xuanbu did not dare to face the Qing army of Kong Youdebu, so he surrendered, but was soon killed.
In 1646 (the second year of Daming Longwu), the Qing army launched a large-scale attack on the new wall of Yuezhou in Hunan, He Tengjiao's pro-army was defeated, Man Dazhuang was killed in battle, Long Jianming was captured alive, and the rest of the people fled, but this loose and collapsed army was not without record" (Man Dazhuang) Fu and Qin Yuchun broke the Qing army in Tongxi, won thousands of counts, and accumulated merit to promote the deputy commander-in-chief to oversee the matter. "Yu Chun, Yao and Lan had a total of eight thousand soldiers, and there were six thousand bird reams, and Fa Tong Yuchun arranged them, dividing the bird reams into three rows and rotating them... The East is white, the enemy is riding together, and the ring camp is several turns. First put the birds in a row, hundreds of corpses, and disintegrate. A few moments later, they gathered around, and put birds in a row, and the enemy and servants were hundreds of corpses, saving lives and helping the wounded, and did not dare to go to the front. "But in light of the history that follows, the scale of these battles is not large.
He Tengjiao, Zhang Kuang, and other warlords raised in Hunan "Gu Zi was a soldier with no discipline, grain benefits were not continued, the generals collapsed, the Huang Dynasty could not declare its mountains, Zhang Xianbi was based on You County, Hao Yongzhong was based on Ningyuan, Ma Jinzhong moved to Tunyuanjiang, Wang Yuncheng was sent to Xiangtan, Lu Ding was in Hengzhou, Liu Chengyin was not out of Wugang, each recruited rogues in the city, turned to abuse, the peasants were forced, and they were also released as soldiers, and they killed each other. "In Hunan brought great disaster to the local people, in 1649, the Qing army went south in a big way, before He Tengjiao's heavy money to recruit the Southern Ming generals have pulled up the troops to flee, you must know that there are many people who can recruit good warriors, the result is still to pull up the team and run, at this time He Tengjiao and Ma Jinzhong are in Xiangtan City, Ma Jinzhong saw that things were not good and slipped on the soles of his feet, the governor He Tengjiao, who originally had tens of thousands of troops, suddenly became the commander of the light pole, and as a result, he was killed by the Qing army, and after killing He Tengjiao, the Qing army carried out a bloody slaughter in Xiangtan.
Please note that he Tengjiao recruited a large number of chaotic generals, although there are many waters, but there are not a few who can recruit good warriors, the most typical is he Tengjiao's collection of Li Zicheng's remnants, this huge army is probably the most effective group in He Tengjiao's military group, but in the many military operations from 1646 to 1648, this army was repeatedly excluded by the Officials of the Southern Ming Dynasty because of its original rebel status, and was actually transferred by He Tengjiao when it was about to conquer Changsha. In order to retake Changsha with his miscellaneous army, the result was naturally the loss of the fighter, and after He Tengjiao was captured, this original rebel army was also defeated and fled south.
In addition to the Zhongzhen battalion, there were ma jinzhongbu, who originally belonged to Zuo Liangyu's department, and the generals Hao Yongzhong, Wang Jincai, and Cao Zhijian, the Duke of Yongguo of Hunan, who had broken away from the Dashun army, but most of the generals were hesitant to obey orders, such as Cao Zhijian, the Duke of Yongguo, who had "blocked Yin Xi and defeated Hengzhou with the troops of the loyal battalion, and went south to Chen." Zhijian robbed Yin Xi of Yulu, killed The Yin Xi general Wang Yibin, and pit more than 3,000 of his pawns in Daozhou; he threatened Yin Xi to go to Zhenxia Pass, embarrassing him, and inflicting harm on him. Qu Shiyun dispatched The Servant Shaoqing Zhang Shang and Wu Qilei to arrive at the pass and explain it. Huifu Chuan Yixia He Tu Fu Jian Dao greeted Yin Xi to his qi, and sent Him Que. Zhi Jian was furious and raised troops to surround him. Tu Fu held firm, killing and injuring many Zhi Jian soldiers, and the company soldiers were puzzled for August. He sent Jin Yiwei to command Wu Jisi to strike the army. Zhi Jian ji ji lured the soldiers, and Zhi Jian thanked him, so he killed him. Destroy it, kill and plunder. "People are so good at hanging up a military department Shangshu title, you Cao Zhijian actually directly sent troops to attack people's homes, and also killed more than 3,000 people."
It can be seen from this that these warlordized local troops are either vulnerable or do not listen to the greetings of the Yongli Imperial Court at all, so it is possible to expect these guys to fight with their hearts? Therefore, Sun Kewang, Li Dingguo and others pacified Yunnan, and eventually defected to the Ming Dynasty, in form, Sun, Li, Liu, these "remnants of thieves" defected to the Ming Dynasty and became the government army of the Ming Dynasty, but in fact, the Yongli Imperial Court was accepted by the entire Great Western Army system, that is to say, when Sun Kewang was crowned king, the entire military system of the Southern Ming Dynasty was replaced by the Great Western Army, which is why the anti-Qing movement lasted for another 16 years.