In the twenty-first year of the reign of King Xiang of Chu (278 BC), the Qin general Bai Qi attacked the capital of the Chu state of Yingdu in one fell swoop, and the King of Xiang of Chu abandoned the city and fled, Qu Yuan refused Shi Qin's invitation, and in the extreme disappointment of having no way to serve the country, the 62-year-old Qu Yuan sank himself in the Miluo River in early May and martyred himself.
Qu Yuan used his life to martyr the country and the ideal, and his personality has a tragic beauty and great appeal. Qu Yuan's tragedy shows future generations that the beautiful personality will not disappear with the disappearance of the body, it can arouse the vigilance and self-consciousness of the numb soul, arouse people's rebellious emotions against the dark reality, inspire people to yearn for light and beauty, and cultivate people's noble and pure character and patriotic feelings.
Goethe said, "In art and poetry, personality is indeed everything." "Leaving Sorrow" is the representative work of Qu Yuan, the great patriotic poet of our country, which opened the precedent of lyric poetry in China with its wonderful ideas, brilliant words and profound connotations, and is an immortal poem cast by Qu Yuan with his ideals, enthusiasm, pain and even his entire life. This magnificent political lyric poem of an autobiographical nature is full of the magnificence of the poet's ideal personality. Qu Yuan used his patriotic feelings and full of sorrow and indignation to lay an unusually distinct personality mark in "Leaving the Troubles", showing the magnificence of the poet's personality, and this great creation has epoch-making significance.
Tragedy is the most noble art, it shows the process of suffering and destruction in order to highlight the value of truth, goodness and beauty, Lu Xun commented on "Leaving sorrow": "Compared with "Poetry", its words are very long, its thoughts are very illusory, its writing is very beautiful, its purpose is very clear, and according to the heart, it does not obey the rules. Therefore, the later Confucians who obeyed the poets may be confused and confused, but their influence on later articles may even be more than three hundred. It can be seen that the influence of "Leaving Sorrow" on Chinese literature is immeasurable, and Qu Yuan organically and profoundly unifies the tragedy of life and the tragedy of art, so that "Leaving Sorrow" shows a shocking tragic beauty, so that we can see Qu Yuan's pursuit of ideal personality and his doomed tragedy of life.
Advocating truth and pursuing a beautiful ideal of life is the foundation of personality beauty, and it is also the highest embodiment of personality beauty. The political ideal that Qu Yuan had worked hard for all his life was "beautiful government," and its main content was the joint rejuvenation of the Chu kingdom by the Ming Dynasty. A monarch should first have high moral character in order to enjoy the state. Secondly, we should select the best and the best and the right to depose the adulterers. In addition, the revision of the Law is also one of the contents of its "beautiful government."
Qu Yuan advocated "lifting up the meritocracy and empowering the virtuous, following the rope and not being quite quite", that is, raising the meritocracy and legislating a rich country. The State of Chu was originally a great power at that time, but due to the faintness of the King of Chu, the politics became increasingly dark, and Qu Yuan's governing plan was a good medicine to save the fate of the State of Chu. "Leaving sorrow" revolves around the way out of the Chu kingdom, and the poet's own way out of these two major issues, just like the two melodies in a piece of music, which must be properly coordinated to compose a beautiful movement.
Soon after the beginning of the book, the "Departure from sorrow" pointed out the danger of the future of the Chu state: "But the thieves of the Fu Party are happy, and the road is obscure and dangerous." The rest of the body is ruined, and the defeat of the emperor is feared! Qu Yuan hoped that the King of Chu would be able to leave the path of "obscurity", leave the villain who had misled the country and adopt his governing strategy, and follow him on the road of national prosperity and strength, which was reflected in his words as a politician.
Qu Yuan's ideal of "beautiful government" reflects his sharp confrontation with the corrupt aristocratic clique of the Chu state, expresses his progressive demand for eliminating maladministration, and its ultimate purpose is to save the motherland from peril and put the Chu state on the road to prosperity and strength. His ideas were advanced in Chinese history and advanced in the history of the world, but he strongly attached the heart of governing the country and the state to the king of Chu, which was contrary to reality, and was eventually strangled in the cradle, and the difficulty of political retribution was the starting point of his depression and the doom of the tragedy of his life.
In "Leaving Sorrow", the destruction of Qu Yuan's ideal of american politics is not only the real-life Shangguan, Zilan and a group of party members and their patrons, the King of Chu, as well as the gatekeeper of the Kingdom of Heaven, Emperor Yan, "Leaving Sorrow" is a work with a strong romantic spirit, the more lofty and profound Qu Yuan's ideal personality is, the more tragic and tearing people's hearts. "Leaving Sorrow" reflects "beauty" through "sorrow" and shows hope through destruction, thus singing the praises of light, lashing out at darkness, and sweeping away filth.
Qu Yuan's era was precisely the era of the seven warring states of Qin, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Yan, Han, and Wei, and Qin Xiaogong implemented a change of law for the internal reuse of shang martingale, and adopted a continuous horizontal strategy externally, and the country became stronger and stronger. The State of Chu appointed Wu Qi as the prime minister during the reign of King Chu mourning, and implemented a change of law to enrich the country, which was enough to compete with the State of Qin. However, the mourning king collapsed, Wu Qi was killed, and since then the Chu state has been in power, the villains have monopolized power, and the large and conservative aristocratic clique has gained nothing for nothing, consuming a large amount of national wealth.
Qu Yuan's strong record, Ming Yu's control of chaos, and his skillful speech ("History of Qu Yuan Jia Sheng Lie"), he was appointed as a left move by King Huai of Chu at the age of twenty-five, trying to judge the situation, raise the ability of the wise, cultivate the Law, and unite to resist Qin, and assist King Huai in completing the hegemony of unifying the world.
Qu Yuan understood that the Chu state must change to complete its hegemony, and the change will inevitably touch the core interests of the aristocratic group, will inevitably cause their opposition and frame-up, and will affect their own safety and even their lives. The Wu Qi change method during the Chu Mourning King period and the Shang martingale change method in the Qin Xiaogong period are the lessons of the past. Wu Qi changed the law, Wu Qi was shot to death; The Shang martingale transformation method, the Shang martingale was "split by the car". These harsh real-world issues once weighed on the young politician Qu Yuan. Under the deep and persistent patriotic enthusiasm, Qu Yuan resolutely decided to rely on the support of King Huai of Chu to face reality, break through the troubles, and rule the country with all his might.
But when he is full of pride and shows his talents to move towards the ideal, the cruelty of reality makes him difficult. The faint-hearted King of Chu listened to the rumors, alienated Qu Yuan, and exiled him. Qu Yuanhuaicai did not meet, and there was no way to serve the country, so in "Leaving sorrow", whether it was self-narration of his life, expounding his ideals, chen ci Chonghua, or traveling to heaven, seeking knowledge everywhere, and deciding to stay in Chu, all of them ran through qu Yuanhuaicai's indignation that he did not encounter.
Sima Qian's "History of Qu Yuan's Biography of Jia Shenglie" says: "King Qu Ping's illness was not deaf to hear it, it was also a slanderous thing to hide Ming ye, an evil song to harm the public, and a fangzheng tolerable, so he was worried and meditated and composed "Leaving Sorrows". Those who are away from the riots, they are also away from you. Wang Yi's "Chu Ci Zhang sentences" said: "Qu Yuan's loyalty was praised, sorrowful and sad, and he wrote "Leaving sorrow" according to the poet's righteousness." From this, the reason for Qu Yuan's "Leaving the Troubles" is clear at a glance.
Qu Yuan's experience of exile can be reflected in many of his works, and reading "Reflections" shows that Qu Yuan was exiled to northern Han; reading "Lamentations", it can be known that Qu Yuan was exiled to a distant area east of Yingdu; reading "Wading the River", it can be seen that Qu Yuan once wandered from the area of present-day Wuhan to the desolate western Hunan Province. However, the suffering of the flesh is insignificant compared to the torment of the soul, and the mental torture of homesickness makes him live like a year. "Looking forward to the short night of Mengxia, how obscure is it?" However, the road is far away, and the soul dies overnight. ("Thinking") Qu Yuanhuai did not meet, his ambitions were not rewarded, and he never forgot To Ying, which made people can't help but feel sad from the heart.
The beauty of Qu Yuan's ideal personality is highlighted by his unworthy loyalty and love for his motherland. Throughout his life, whether it was constantly strengthening self-cultivation, or persistently pursuing the ideal of US government, or fighting tenaciously and indomitably against "party members" and small groups, it was because of a patriotic heart. Although patriotism is correct, loyalty to the king has certain limitations of the times.
In the Spring and Autumn Warring States period of "Jin cai chu use", if a talented person could not achieve his own retribution in his own country, he could go to a foreign country to seek a way out. Confucius and Mencius traveled around the world, Shang Martin was not a Qin person who changed in Qin, Wu Qi was not a Chu person and reformed for Chu, and strategists like Su Qin and Zhang Yi were even more in the qin and chu, and where they could exert their talents, they would go to which country. However, although Qu Yuan was exiled, he looked at the Chu state, cared for the king, and did not forget to return, and Ji Xingjun "the world is muddy and not divided, so that the beauty is beautiful and jealous", and one of the customs is changed. Its existence rejuvenates the kingdom, and it wants to repeat it.
Qu Yuan's love for the Chu state is fully reflected in "Leaving the Troubles". At the beginning of the poem, he shows his anxiety about the fate of the Chu state and his determination to dedicate himself to the chu state: "The remnants of the body are ruined, and the defeat of the emperor is feared." He was willing to run successively to open up a road to prosperity and strength for the Chu state: "Suddenly run to the succession of Xi, and the former king's heel wu." When he was slandered or even exiled, he still had the country in mind: "Yu Gu knew that he was in trouble, and he could not give up." ”
It is true that Qu Yuan's patriotism and loyalty to the monarch are inseparable, but in the feudal era, the monarch is one, and the monarch is a symbol of the country to a certain extent, and only by obtaining the approval of the monarch can he realize his ideal of national rejuvenation. This is the limitation of the times. Qu Yuan's loyalty and feelings of not serving the second lord doomed him to the tragedy of throwing himself into the river, but his patriotic feelings were deeply moving and constantly inspired us to move forward.
Qu Yuan wrote the tragedy of his life into "Leaving sorrow", thinking about the meaning of life through the pain of life, and exploring the ideal personality through exploration. As the aesthetician Bolev put it in his Aesthetics: "Tragedy is the art of philosophy, which raises and solves the deepest problems of life, recognizes the meaning of existence and analyzes the problems of the whole." Therefore, "Leaving sorrow" gives full play to the unique aesthetic function of tragedy, and is a literary display of Qu Yuan's ideal personality in his tragic life.