The first time I heard about this place in Taiwan was in the primary school Chinese text "Sun Moon Lake", the Sun Moon Lake is very deep, and the lake is turquoise. There is a beautiful island in the middle of the lake, called Gwanghwa Island. The island divides the lake into two halves, and the north side is like a round sun, called suntan; The south side is like a crooked moon, called moon pond.
Taiwan (taiwan) is located on the continental shelf on the southeast coast of Chinese mainland, bordering the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Ryukyu Islands to the northeast, the Bashi Strait to the south and the Philippine Archipelago, and the Taiwan Strait to the west and Fujian Province, with a total land area of about 36,000 square kilometers, including 21 affiliated islands such as Taiwan Island and Orchid Island, Green Island and Diaoyu Island, and 64 islands of the Penghu Archipelago. Among them, Taiwan Island covers an area of 35,798 square kilometers, which is the largest island in China, 7 has become a mountainous and hilly, the plain is mainly concentrated in the western coast, the terrain and altitude change greatly, and the natural landscape and ecological resources are rich and diverse due to its location at the junction of tropical and subtropical climates. With a population of about 23 million, more than 70% is concentrated in the five western metropolitan areas, of which the Taipei metropolitan area is the largest, centered on the main city of Taipei.
Taiwan is an inalienable part of China. The indigenous peoples (Gaoshan) settled here before the Han people moved in in the 17th century; since the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the people of southern Fujian and Guangdong have moved into the reclamation, and finally formed an immigrant society with Han people as the main body. Penghu in the Southern Song Dynasty belonged to Fujian Road; yuan and Ming set up inspection departments in Penghu; at the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was invaded by the Netherlands and Spain; Zheng successfully recovered it in 1662; In 1684, it was established as a capital of Taiwan, which belonged to Fujian Province, and was established as a province in 1885; in 1895, the Qing government ceded it to Japan with the Treaty of Maguan; Japan recovered after its defeat in the war in 1945; and after the defeat of the Kuomintang civil war in 1949, it retreated to Taiwan, and the two sides of the strait have been divided to this day.
Since the 1960s, Taiwan has pursued an export-oriented industrialization strategy and made rapid progress in economic and social development, creating a world-renowned Taiwan economic miracle, ranking among the four Asian tigers and among the developed economies in the 1990s. Taiwan's manufacturing industry and high-tech industries are developed, and it is a global leader in semiconductors, it, communications, electronic precision manufacturing and other fields. Taiwanese culture is inclusive and inclusive, the Chinese civilization brought by the Han nationality is a strong culture, the indigenous culture is also influential, and the modern and modern cultures integrate Western and Japanese cultures, showing a diversified style.
"Taiwan" is derived from the name of the "TaiwoWan" society of the Silaya ethnic group, an indigenous people of the Pingpu ethnic group living in present-day Anping, Tainan, which means coastal land, and takes the word "Taiwan" in the full name as the abbreviation. The Ming Dynasty officially used the term "Taiwan" during the Wanli Dynasty.
The Qin Dynasty called Taiwan "Yingzhou", the Three Kingdoms Period called it "Yizhou", and the Sui Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty called it "Liuqiu". After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there were many folk names for Taiwan, such as "Chicken Coop" (referring to northern Taiwan), "Beigang" (the common name of Taiwan's western coast), "Dayuan", "Taiwan yuan", "Taiwo Bay" (referring to the vicinity of the present-day Anping area in Tainan), and officially called "Dongfan". Zheng Chenggong changed his name to "Dongdu", and later Zheng Jing changed it to "Dongning". The Qing Dynasty changed its name to "Taiwan" and set up Taiwan Prefecture, which is subordinate to Fujian Province, which is the official name of Taiwan. Because of its abundant products, Taiwan is also known as "treasure island".
Foreigners have different names for Taiwan. The Portuguese called Taiwan "Formosa", derived from the Portuguese ilha formosa, meaning "Island of Beauty", and was the main name for Taiwan in Europe and the United States before the 1950s. In ancient Japan, Taiwan was called "The Great Kingdom of Benefits", "The Country of High Sand", "The Country of High Mountains" and so on.
In ancient times, Taiwan was connected to the mainland, and later due to the movement of the earth's crust, the connected parts sank into the sea to form a strait and appeared on the island of Taiwan.
According to expert identification, this tens of thousands of years old human fossils recovered from the Taiwan Strait are the right humerus of a late Homo sapiens male individual, from the early humans who migrated from the mainland to Taiwan. The late Jia Lanpo, a famous paleoanthropologist in China, named these people "Strait People". At present, the Shishi City Museum in Fujian Province has preserved more than 4,000 ancient human fossils and ancient vertebrate fossils such as ancient diamond-toothed elephants, four-unlike elephants, wild horses, and deer from the Taiwan Strait. So many ancient human and paleovertebrate fossils have attracted widespread attention from experts and scholars at home and abroad. Experts agree that as early as 30,000 years ago, the mainland and Taiwan were connected to each other, regardless of each other, and that ancient humans were already living in this area.
Most of the early residents of Taiwan migrated directly or indirectly from Chinese mainland. In 1971 and 1974, the earliest human fossils in Taiwan were found twice in Zuozhen Township, Tainan County, and were named "Zuozhen people". Archaeologists believe that the "Zuozhen people" came to Taiwan from the mainland 30,000 years ago, and the "Qingliu people" and "Dongshan people" found in Fujian archaeology belong to the late Homo sapiens in the southern paleolithic region of China, with a common origin, and have inherited some characteristics of Chinese Homo erectus. Among the early inhabitants of Taiwan, there were also a small number of dwarf blacks belonging to the Negrito race and the Langya people who belonged to the Ryukyu race. The early residents of Taiwan mentioned above are the ancestors of the ethnic minorities in present-day Taiwan.
Taiwan's documented history dates back to 230 AD. At that time, Sun Quan, the King of Wu of the Three Kingdoms, sent 10,000 officers and soldiers to "Yizhou" (Taiwan), and the "Linhai Soil Chronicle" of Shen Mou of Wu (who could not type this word) left the world's earliest account of Taiwan. During the Sui and Tang dynasties (589-618 AD), Taiwan was called "Liuqiu". The Sui Dynasty went to Taiwan three times. According to historical records, in 610 (the sixth year of the Sui Dynasty), the Han people began to migrate to the Penghu area. By the Song and Yuan dynasties (960-1368 AD), the Han chinese people had a considerable number in the Penghu region. After the Han people opened up Penghu, they began to develop into Taiwan, bringing with them the advanced production technology of the time. In the 12th century, the Song Dynasty placed Penghu under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, Fujian, and sent troops to defend it. The Yuan Dynasty also sent troops to Taiwan. The governments of the Yuan and Ming dynasties set up patrol departments in Penghu, which were responsible for patrolling and investigating criminals, and also ran salt classes. The name Taiwan began to appear in the late Ming Dynasty. After entering the 17th century, the Han Chinese expanded in Taiwan on an increasing scale. During the years of war and famine, the Fujian authorities of the Ming government and the Zheng Zhilong clique had organized immigration to Taiwan.
In the 16th century, Spain, the Netherlands and other Western colonial powers developed rapidly and began to extend their tentacles to the East. At the beginning of the 17th century, Dutch colonists invaded Taiwan at a time when the peasant revolt at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the growing power of the Manchus in northeast China and the difficult situation of the Ming government. Soon, the Spaniards invaded and occupied some areas in the north and east of Taiwan, and were driven away by the Dutch in 1642, and Taiwan became a Dutch colony. The Dutch colonists imposed coercive rule, seized the land for themselves, forced the people to pay various taxes, plundered Taiwan's rice and sugar, and re-exported the Chinese raw silk, sugar and porcelain they had purchased through Taiwan to various countries, for high profits. The rule of the Dutch colonists provoked a revolt by the people of Taiwan. In September 1652, the peasant leader Guo Huaiyi led a larger armed uprising. Although the armed uprising was suppressed, it showed that Dutch colonial rule was in crisis.
In 1644, the Qing army entered the customs and established the Qing dynasty regime in Beijing. In April 1661, Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships from Kinmen to Taiwan in the name of the Southern Ming Dynasty to recruit generals. When Zheng Chenggong marched into Taiwan, he told the Dutch colonists that Taiwan "has always belonged to China" and that the inhabitants of the two "islands" of Taiwan and Penghu are Chinese, and they have occupied and cultivated this land since ancient times, and the Dutch "should return it to their owners." After fierce fighting and siege, in February 1662, Zheng successfully forced the Dutch governor to sign a surrender. Zheng Successfully recovered the Chinese territory of Taiwan from the Dutch colonists and became a great national hero who was admired by the broad masses of the people.
Zheng died of illness only 4 months after successfully recovering Taiwan. The Zheng regime transplanted the mainland's political, cultural, and educational systems to Taiwan, attached importance to land development and water conservancy, developed foreign trade, and promoted Taiwan's economic development. By the end of the Zheng regime, Taiwan's Han chinese population had reached 120,000.
At the end of the Zheng regime, there was a military confrontation with the Qing government. After the Qing government pacified the mainland, it began to plan an attack on Taiwan, and once adopted a policy of appeasement in an unsuccessful attempt to persuade the Zheng clan to surrender to the Qing. The Zheng regime counterattacked the coastal areas of the mainland many times, and by the autumn of 1678, when the Zheng army was defeated, all the southeast coastal states and counties occupied were lost, and then completely retreated to Taiwan. At this time, the Qing dynasty government ruled China was a foregone conclusion, and the Zheng regime gradually evolved into a local separatist regime. On July 8, 1683, the Qing government sent Shi Lang, the admiral of the Fujian Marine Division, to lead more than 20,000 land and water officers and men and more than 200 warships from Tongshan to Penghu and Taiwan. The Qing army launched an attack on the Penghu defenders, and the Zheng army collapsed. Zheng Ke, the grandson of Zheng Chenggong, < Tujiashuang > (this word cannot be typed) led the crowd to the Shunqing government.
In 1684, the Qing government set up a sub-patrol of Taixia Bingbei Road and Taiwan Prefecture, which was subordinate to Fujian Province. By 1811, Taiwan's population had reached 1.9 million, most of whom were immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong. Immigrants reclaimed wasteland in large quantities, making Taiwan an emerging agricultural area, and providing the mainland with a large amount of rice and sugar, daily consumer goods and building materials imported from the mainland, so that Taiwan's economy has developed to a considerable extent. This period. Taiwan has very close contacts with Fujian and Guangdong. Chinese culture was more fully introduced to Taiwan.
After Britain launched the Opium War in 1840, the Western powers forced China to open trade ports. 1860s. Taiwan's fresh water, chicken coops, Anping, and dog fighting have successively opened ports, and opium is imported as a bulk, while exports are mainly tea, sugar, and camphor.
In the 1870s, after the Implementation of the Meiji Restoration, Japan began to "expand its territory" with the outside world. To the south, Ryukyu and Taiwan were targeted for expansion, claiming that Taiwan was a "Tufan" residential area. It is a "borderlands" that is not under Chinese sovereignty. Qing Government - Reaffirmed: "The whole land of Taiwan has long been subordinate to the territory of our country", "The whole of Taiwan County has been born, and there is no society that does not belong to China". In January 1874, the Japanese army invaded Taiwan. In October, China and Japan signed the Beijing Special Article, and although the weak Qing government compromised with Japan, the Beijing Special Article still showed that China exercised sovereignty over all of Taiwan. thereafter. Qing officials proposed the establishment of a province in Taiwan.
As a result of the Invasion of China's frontiers by Western powers, a frontier crisis has arisen. During the Sino-French War from 1884 to 1885, the French army attacked Taiwan. He was severely damaged by the army led by Liu Mingchuan. By June 1885, the Sino-French New Treaty had been signed, and the French army was forced to withdraw from Taiwan.
Recommend relevant books and documentaries
Documentary "These Years in Taiwan"
"Over Taiwan"
"Taiwan, the most beautiful scenery is people" Ethos documentary
"Two Chiang Fathers and Sons" The Taiwanese years of Chiang Kai-shek's father and son
The True Face of Taiwan's History
"Twelve Years of Lee Teng-hui's Cross-Strait Policy"
"Years of Taiwan"
Treasure Island Style
"All Beings In Taiwan"
Taiwan's Political Economy and Cross-Strait Relations
History and Culture of Taiwan
History of Taiwan
NetEase Open Class's "Seeing Taiwan"
"70 Years of Cross-Strait Relations"
"60 Years of Cross-Strait Relations"
"Jieyi Xilai'an - The Incident of The Ooba"
A Biography of a New Literary Writer in Taiwan in the Japanese Occupation Era
A Collection of Essays on The History of Taiwan
Memoirs of the Scab Strings
Lian Heng's General History of Taiwan
Xu Qiuyun's "Four Hundred Years of Taiwan"
Taiwan History Research Series of the National Taiwan University