Author: Our team books swords for wine
By the time of the late Qing Dynasty, China was already riddled with diseases and faltering.
The world is developing with each passing day, and even neighboring Japan, after being strongly founded by the Americans, immediately went to shame and the Meiji Restoration to catch up with the West. However, the Qing Dynasty stood up in a pool of blood and fell down again, fell down and then tried to get up, until it finally exhausted its own qi number, and almost exhausted the national fortunes of the Chinese nation.
First, Zuo Zongtang vomited blood
The Sino-French War was a peculiar war, and there were comments in the outside world that China was undefeated and defeated, and France was victorious without victory. At the end of March 1885, the veteran general Feng Zicai won a great victory at Zhennanguan, the Black Flag Army also won a great victory in Lintao, the French army suffered a disastrous defeat on the battlefield, the domestic political situation caused great turmoil, and the Joffrey cabinet directly collapsed. However, the Qing court was in a hurry to sign a contract, and for these two wars, they were more concerned about how to use victory as a cost of rapid negotiations.
The imperial court decreed that the "Sino-French Association to Stipulate Vietnam" was signed with France, and China not only directly lost its suzerainty over Vietnam, but also opened its ports and allowed the French to go to the southwest inland for business, and the southwest territory was directly opened.
After hearing this news, Zuo Zongtang was very sad and indignant and could not help himself. On September 5, Zuo Zongtang, who was angry and sick, died of illness in Fuzhou, and in the pre-death recital, Zuo Zongtang said: "But this Vietnam peace war is actually one of the key to China's strength and weakness. ”
There is reason to believe that the lone brave who carried the coffin to war according to Zuo Zongtang can regain the lost land for China and bring dignity, but after the victory, he will lose power and humiliate the country, is this something that Zuo Zongtang alone can change? No matter how many victories there are, no matter how many loyal and martyred there are, what is the use of the imperial court not caring?
Second, the Japanese army scrambled for Inspector Wu
In 1894, the Sino-Japanese War broke out, once the Chinese and Japanese armies began to fight, the world was shocked, the qing army veterans who had made great achievements in the domestic war against bandits in the past, in the face of the Japanese army, they threw away their armor and armor, and Ye Zhichao, a famous general of the Huai Army, even ran wildly for seven hundred miles in one night, which was enough to refresh the world record. By the time the land war became more and more chaotic, the Japanese army had gone straight to China to kill, the Liaodong Peninsula was rapidly lost, and the northeast land was rapidly destroyed.
A famous courtier who had presided over the demarcation of the Sino-Russian boundary in the early years, preserved China's legal rights, and also recovered part of the territory from Tsarist Russia could not sit still. He was wu da da li, then the governor of Hunan. The imperial court was worried that there was no one to use, so it immediately dispatched Inspector Wu to lead more than twenty battalions of old Xiang troops to aid the Kwantung.
After Wu Da Li arrived at the front line, the number of Qing troops had reached more than 30,000, and the Japanese army was inferior in numbers. Wu Da Li thought that the victory was in his hands, so he hung a death card in front of the battle to show contempt, and the Japanese army was furious and wanted to kill him quickly, but Kishida Yinxiang said: Wu Mou's disciples are big words, political affairs and soldiers are not their strengths, only primary schools and seal law are a must, if they are captured, they must not hurt their lives, and they can go to our country to pass on the qing dynasty and stop learning.
Wu was an expert in gold literature, a good specialist, who carried engraved craftsmen on the march, often imitating Xia Shang characters by hand, and making the craftsmen engraved on the wooden handles of guns, when the Japanese army was fortunate to capture their guns. How could the commander of the army see and hear the enemy in a small way? What will the battle look like?
Although the Qing army was large in number, they were not subordinate to each other, Wu did not have the position and ability to command the whole army, and Wu carved gold every day, where was the time to seriously consider the war as a whole? Just when Wu Dayi and other concentrated forces would attack Haicheng, the Japanese army took advantage of the weakness of the Qing army and adopted the tactic of "pretending to attack Liaoyang and actually taking Niuzhuang" to attack the west from the east and the west, and defeated the Qing army in a big way.
Lord Wu was ashamed and once drew his sword to commit suicide. The defeat and suicide of the war are still known to be honored and humiliated, but such a big event, the Japanese army soldiers have arrived in Guannei but sent students to order troops, which shows the behavior of the imperial court. The defeat of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War was a total collapse, and compared with the performance of other generals, Wu Dayi, who was still able to play a certain offensive, became an excellent representative.
Third, Xu Tong insisted on integrity and did not believe in foreign countries
Lin Zexu "opened his eyes to see the world's first person" in the history books, but after Lin Zexu, the open eyes of the scholars and doctors closed again. In other words, for a long time, there were a large number of elite intellectuals in the Qing Dynasty who did not understand the general trend of the world and only knew how to blindly close themselves off. Even xu tong, the teacher of the Guangxu Emperor, the famous scholar of the late cleanup, was even more so.
Xu Tong has successively served as the secretary of the Taichang Temple, the left deputy capital of the Metropolitan Inspection Academy, the cabinet bachelor, the right attendant of the Rebbe, the Shangshu of the Rebbe, the Shangshu of the Official, the co-founder of the university, and the scholar of the Tirenge University. From the imperial historian to the six important ministers, and then to the current university, Xu Tong's burden can not be said to be heavy, but Xu Tong's cognition of the outside world is amazing, Xu Tong once said: There are many countries in the world, about Russia, England, France, Japan, then there are really ones, and Yu is all treacherous to intimidate the ears of the imperial court.
It was precisely by virtue of this ignorant and fearless courage that Xu Daxue supported Empress Dowager Cixi's blind xenophobia and was the number one main war faction in the imperial court who shouted the most fiercely to declare war on the eleven Western countries. After the Eight-Power Coalition invaded Beijing, Xu Tong hanged himself.
The festival is acceptable, but Xu University can still see behind him, have you made the scourge of the Qing Dynasty look like?
Third, Rong Lu bluntly said that the tactics of foreign soldiers are unpredictable
The occurrence of the Gengzi national disaster has a huge relationship with Empress Dowager Cixi's own rebound psychology of domination of foreigners. However, what Empress Dowager Cixi did not understand was that the Chinese army had been defeated and fought many battles, and it was useless? In fact, the Qing army still has the strength of a battle, and there are also brave generals, but there are many people who fear the enemy like a tiger in the DPRK.
When the Eight-Nation Alliance attacked Tianjin, Ma Yukun, who was brave and good at war in the Qing Army, was determined to fight with the Eight-Nation Alliance to thwart the enemy's offensive arrogance. Ma Yukun had the name of being able to recruit good warriors, then known as Ma Fubo, Ma Yukun asked ronglu, the governor of zhizhi, to fight, but Ronglu did not think so, Ronglu said: "The tactics of foreign soldiers are unpredictable in seconds, our army is not its enemy, and if you fight, you will undoubtedly lose." ”
Ma Yukun was a veteran general who fought in the fight against bandits and chaos in China, and he also played a not weak battle record during the Sino-Japanese War. He led his troops alone into The North Warehouse on the Main Road between Beijing and Tianjin. Just arrived in Kitakura, the Eight-Nation Alliance had already been killed, and the Mabu people immediately threw themselves into battle without disarming. The attack of the Eight-Nation Alliance was very fierce, especially the Japanese army, which can be called the vanguard of the coalition army, and when the battle reached a fierce moment, Ma Yukun rushed into the enemy position first, Ma Yukun himself wielded a saber and killed more than a dozen Japanese troops, and after that, his left arm was shot, and Ma Yukun still did not go down to the line of fire to insist on command.
But after all, Ma Yukun's subordinates were small, and the coalition army was strong, and finally defeated. But foreigners admired his courage and called Ma Yukun one of China's few generals. It was also because of the heroic resistance of Ma Yukun's department that the two palaces had some time to pack up and escape from the city of Beijing, otherwise the shame of the Qing Dynasty would not only be that the capital was occupied, but also that the emperor and the empress dowager would have to become turtles in the urn.
Such a talent can not be used, the first-class heavy subjects fear the enemy like a tiger, this battle can be won is to see the ghost.
Fifth, the business of Lao Qingji Company is booming
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the trend of selling officials and lords was already unavoidable, and in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the government had to cover up bribery, and the emperor still had thunderous means to rectify corruption. However, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial court was dying day by day, and many princes and ministers, the more popular they became, the more they relied on clearly marked prices to employ people. In the clan room, Prince Qing Yili was a person with some talent. After the Gengzi Rebellion, he became more and more appreciated by Cixi, and once became the prime minister after the reform of the new official system.
Prince Yili of Qing was keen on selling officials, and was a veteran and master, and there were countless numbers of officials sold through his hands. Prince Qing developed a complete system, which was clearly marked according to official position and rank, and bribes were not allowed. At that time, some people even said that this was "Old Qingji Company". After the reform of the new official system, the Ministry of Posts and Communications Shangshu was vacant, which was a fat shortage, many people were staring, qingwang let out the wind, there was no 300,000 taels of silver don't think about it. Sheng Xuanhuai wanted this position, so he communicated with the relationship to find the King of Qing, who knew that Xuanhuai had a way of wealth and a great family, and his mouth directly doubled: "Others can have 300,000, but you must be 600,000."
When the princes of the dynasty, the military aircraft are important ministers, the pillars of the state, and so on, what will be the color of officials at all levels of the Qing Dynasty?
6. Kyoshi University abolished sports
When encountering unprecedented changes in a thousand years, the Qing Dynasty was like a lonely boat in the rain, the wind and rain were shaking, and under the constant blows of foreigners, under the incessant appeal of benevolent people, it still made some innovative moves. For example, if the Reform and Reform Movement lasted for a hundred days, the Guangxu Emperor just wanted to cheer up a little, but was immediately countered by Empress Dowager Cixi's coup d'état. Any step forward of the great Qing Empire is extremely difficult. However, the Restoration and Reform Law left a legacy- Kyoshi University Hall. After the New Deal at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Beijing Normal University Hall reopened, and the imperial court also set up a faculty similar to the later Ministry of Education, but the Shangshu of the Faculty and the president of the Beijing Normal University Hall were dimwitted bureaucrats, and they did not know what modern education was.
At that time, Shangshu Rongqing of the Faculty of Science and Liu Tingchen, the supervisor of the Beijing Normal University, talked about the subjects, and Rongqing said: "The salaries of arithmetic teachers are more expensive than those of Chinese language teachers, and this subject is not beneficial to students, and can be abolished. Liu said: This is very true, but the gymnastics section should be abolished, the so-called military style, softness, high jump, race walking and other names, neither as soldiers in the battle, nor as the warlocks sell skills, it is really useless and harmful.
One does not know what mathematics and geometry are, and the other does not know the significance of sports for modern education, and its fainting can be seen.
It is in these two pieces of material hands, what will the higher education of the Qing Dynasty look like? How can the students of the Beijing Normal University become the new youth of the new era when they face such supervision?
Young China is already "not sharing the heavens" with the old Mai Daqing, and all military, diplomatic, employing, political, and educational affairs are rotten, and the Qing Dynasty will not die, and there is no heavenly reason.
Historical sources: "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty", "Extraordinary Tao", "Wu Song's Diary", "Di Xiangzhai Secret Record", "Ten Leaves wild news", "Zhilin Scattered Leaves"
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